scholarly journals ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ORIGINS OF THE PROSECUTOR's OFFICE OF UDMURTIA: PROSECUTOR'S OFFICES IN VYATKA PROVINCE IN XIX - EARLY XX CENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121
Author(s):  
A.A. Sheptalin
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Legal Origins ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific

The article deals with the problem of the emergence and formation of prosecutor's offices in Glazovsky, Sarapulsky, Yelabuga and Malmyzhsky uyezds of Vyatka province, which later formed the territorial basis of the Udmurt Republic. The relevance of the issue is connected both with its poorly studied nature and with the continuing dubious practice of considering 1922 as the starting point in the history of the Udmurt prosecutor's office. The purpose of the article is an attempt of historical reconstruction of the organizational and legal origins and subsequent development of the prosecutor's offices in these uyezds, and also the justification of the establishment in 1874 of prosecutorial supervision bodies at the district courts in Vyatka and Sarapul as the starting point in the history under consideration. In the process of research, a wide range of general scientific and historical-legal methods were applied, based on a dialectical approach and using pre-revolutionary sources, including archival materials. The author substantiates the idea that the prosecutor's office long before the revolution of 1917 was an important element of the system of regional state-legal management, and the Soviet Prosecutor's Office of the 1920s emerged as an updated institution, restored on the basis of extensive pre-revolutionary experience and with the assistance of old specialists.

scholarly journals CONFLICT OF SYNCHRONY AND DIACHRONY IN RESEARCH ON LEXICAL SEMANTICS (LINGVO-HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT)

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Sytniak R.M.
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Language History ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
General Scientific

The purpose of the article is to highlight the views of linguists of the second half of the XX – early XXI century on the importance of synchronic and diachronic studies of lexical meaning and identify the tendency of modern linguists to consider synchrony and diachrony as components of one whole. With the help of synchronic-diachronic study of language, studies of lexical semantics are presented in an extremely wide range of works, which receive new opportunities to explain semantic processes and highlight similar dominant features in both structurally related and unrelated languages. The scientific interest of linguists can be directed both to the study of a particular morpheme and to the derivation of universal laws for the development of the lexical meaning of the world’s languages. The vast majority of studies, however, have a more or less clear distribution on the principle of synchrony and diachrony. The article highlights the current perception of diachronic research as one that consists of a number of studies of synchronous sections in the history of lexical meaning, and as a result is considered as one holistic effective study. In accordance with the purpose of the article, a general scientific method is used – an actualist method, which is based on the principle of historicism and allows modern knowledge to trace the development of certain linguistic concepts in the past and predict some trends in future theories. The methodological basis of the actualist method is the principles of historicism, causality, systematics and the principle of general connection of phenomena. As the result of the research it was established that the linguists of our time accept the idea of not confrontation, but of fruitful joint work of synchronic and diachronic research of lexical meaning, unity of synchronic description and historical reconstruction. The author concludes that from the point of view of modern linguistics, the dichotomy of synchrony and diachrony is quite conditional. Synchronous research is not opposed, but, on the contrary, is an important component of diachronic research, because diachronic analysis without synchronic one does not exist. The tacit ban on the use of language history data in synchronic analysis has been overcome.Key words: synchrony, diachrony, dichotomy, non-linguistic concept, interdependence, flexible way of thinking, scientific subjectivism. Метою статті є висвітлення поглядів мовознавців другої половини ХХ – початку ХХІ століття на важливість синхронічних та діахронічних досліджень лексичного значення та виявлення тенденції лінгвістів сучасності розглядати синхронію та діахронію як складники одного цілого. За допомогою синхронно-діахронного вивчення мови дослідження лексичної семантики представлені надзвичайно широким діапазоном праць, що отримують нові можливості пояснення семантичних процесів та виокремлення схожих домінантних рис як у споріднених, так і у неспоріднених мовах світу. Науковий інтерес мовознавців може бути спрямований як на дослідження окремої морфеми, так і на виведення універсальних законів розви-тку лексичного значення мов світу. Більшість досліджень усе ж мають більш-менш чіткий розподіл за принципом синхронії та діахронії. У статті висвітлюється сучасне сприйняття діахронного дослідження як такого, що складається із певної кількості досліджень синхронних зрізів в історії лексичного значення, і як результат – розглядається одним цілісним ефективним дослідженням. Відповідно до мети у статті використано загальнонауковий метод – актуалістичний, який бере за основу принцип історизму і дає змогу за допомогою сучасних знань простежити розвиток певних лінгвістичних концепцій у минуло-му та передбачити деякі тенденції майбутнього розвитку відповідних теорій. Методологічну основу актуалістичного методустановлять принципи історизму, причиновості, системності та принцип загального зв’язку явищ. У результаті дослідження встановлено прийняття лінгвістами сучасності ідеї не протистояння, а плідної сумісної праці синхронного та діахронного дослідження лексичного значення, єдність синхронного опису та історичної реконструкції. Автор доходить висновку, що з погляду сучасного мовознавства дихотомія синхронії та діахронії носить досить умовний характер. Синхронне дослідження не протиставляється, а навпаки, є важливою складовою частиною діахронного дослідження, тому що діахронний аналіз без синхронного не існує. Припинено мовчазну заборону на використання даних історії мови у разі синхронного аналізу. Ключові слова: синхронія, діахронія, дихотомія, нелінгвістична концепція, взаємозумовленість, мінливий образ мислення, науковий суб’єктивізм.

Martin Heidegger: Middle Works

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
History Of

Martin Heidegger (b. 1889–d. 1976) is a central figure in 20th-century philosophy. Especially in his early works, most notably Being and Time (1927), Heidegger critically continues the tradition of phenomenology inaugurated by Edmund Husserl (b. 1859–d. 1938). Heidegger’s philosophy has been a major influence on a number of important philosophers in their own right, including Hans-Georg Gadamer (b. 1900–d. 2002), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (b. 1908–d. 1961), Hannah Arendt (b. 1906–d. 1975), Paul Ricoeur (b. 1913–d. 2005), Michel Foucault (b. 1926–d. 1984), Jacques Derrida (b. 1930–d. 2004), and Richard Rorty (b. 1931–d. 2007). His work has also impacted other disciplines, such as theology, literary and cultural studies, art theory, and the theory of architecture. Heidegger is primarily known for his work in metaphysics and existential philosophy, but he has also made much-discussed contributions to a wide range of philosophical topics, including the study of numerous authors from the history of philosophy. The German edition of his collected works (Gesamtausgabe, or GA) includes published writings, lecture courses, seminars, and manuscripts. Once completed, it will include 102 volumes. To manage this rich material, Heidegger’s philosophy is often divided into different periods. Although how to demarcate these periods is itself a matter of scholarly debate, Oxford Bibliographies divides his work into an early, middle, and later period. This entry treats the middle period of his thought (roughly 1933–1945). It coincides with the rise to power of the German National Socialist Party, in which Heidegger was involved as rector of the University of Freiburg, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. Although Heidegger rarely addresses these events directly, this period in particular should not be considered without taking into account these events and the dominant ideologies of the time. Heidegger’s major concerns during this period are with the experience of art, the philosophy of history, and the history of Western philosophy in particular. Heidegger gives a few important lectures and lecture series during this time that were later edited. These should be the starting point for any reading. The major body of his writing during this period, however, consists of manuscripts, notes, and course materials, which are more difficult to assess. In using this bibliography, be sure to also check the entries on the early and later period of Heidegger’s works. Although the focus of Heidegger’s philosophical concern shifts, many themes continue to be relevant throughout his works. Often, scholars writing on Heidegger take into account his development as whole, and relevant literature may be treated in another entry. This bibliography aims to be inclusive with regard to schools of thought and interpretations of Heidegger. It is not exhaustive but rather an attempt to identify useful starting points for individual study within the more recent literature on Heidegger.

The problem of formation of romantic historicism and rehabilitation of medieval culture in the creative heritage of F. R. de Chateaubriand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandalif Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Medieval Architecture ◽  
Gothic Architecture ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
French Writer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

The monograph is devoted to the literary and scientific heritage of the famous French writer, historian, philosopher, thinker, diplomat and statesman F. R. de Chateaubriand, whose scientific works were practically unknown to the Russian reader for many decades. Being the founder of French romanticism and laying the main elements of this direction of culture, F. R. de Chateaubriand nevertheless causes numerous disputes and questions. The monograph shows the process of formation of the writer's romantic worldview on the example of his early works, which still retain traces of the literature of the XVIII century and already carry new romantic trends of the XIX century. The author also presents the facts of the writer's biography and analyzes a number of his historical works devoted to medieval France. From the Renaissance until the end of the XVIII century, one of the elements of medieval architecture and Christian religion-Gothic architecture — was perceived as something negative, barbaric, rude, completely inconsistent with the aesthetics of the XVI — XVIII centuries. F. R. de Chateaubriand was one of the first researchers who discovered the beauty of Gothic churches and the color of national history to the mass reader at the turn of the XVIII—XIX centuries. The rehabilitation of Gothic architecture was accomplished by F. R. de Chateaubriand in his Treatise "the genius of Christianity". The famous "forest theory" of the origin of Gothic helped to "remove" negative assessments of the middle Ages and influenced the formation and development of romanticism both in France and in other European countries. It was F. R. de Chateaubriand's idea of the relationship between medieval architecture and Christian consciousness that influenced all the subsequent development and formation of the history of medieval art. For a wide range of readers interested in the history of literature.

The Pleasures of Imagination. Aspects of Fictionality in the Poetics of the Age of Enlightenment and in Present-Day Theories of Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-286
Author(s):  
Frank Zipfel
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

AbstractInvestigations into the history of the modern practice of fiction encounter a wide range of obstacles. One of the major impediments lies in the fact that former centuries have used different concepts and terms to designate or describe phenomena or ideas that we, during the last 50 years, have been dealing with under the label of fiction/ality. Therefore, it is not easy to establish whether scholars and poets of other centuries actually do talk about what we today call fiction or fictionality and, if they do, what they say about it. Moreover, even when we detect discourses or propositions that seem to deal with aspects of fictionality we have to be careful and ask whether these propositions are actually intended to talk about phenomena that belong to the realm of fiction/ality. However, if we want to gain some knowledge about the history of fiction/ality, we have no other choice than to tackle the arduous task of trying to detect similarities (and differences) between the present-day discourse on fictionality and (allegedly) related discourses of other epochs. The goal of this paper is to make a small contribution to this task.The starting point of the paper are two observations, which also determine the approach I have chosen for my investigations. 1) In the 18th century the terms »fiction« or »fictionality« do not seem to play a significant role in the discussion of art and literature. However, some propositions of the discourse on imagination, one of the most prominent discourses of the Age of Enlightenment, seem to suggest that this discourse deals more or less explicitly with questions regarding the fictionality of literary artefacts as we conceive it today. 2) The concepts of imagination and fictionality are also closely linked in present-day theories of fiction. Naturally, the question arises how the entanglement of the concepts of fictionality and imagination can be understood in a historical perspective. Can it function as a common ground between 18th-century and present-day conceptions of fiction/ality? Is imagination still used in the same ways to explain phenomena of fictionality or have the approaches evolved over the last 250 years and if yes, then how? These kinds of questions inevitably lead to one major question: What do 18th-century and present-day conceptions of fiction/ality have in common, how much and in what ways do they differ?For heuristic reasons, the article is subdivided according to what I consider the three salient features of today’s institutional theories of fiction (i. e. theories which try to explain fictionality as an institutional practice that is determined and ruled by specific conventions): fictive utterance (aspects concerning the production of fictional texts), fictional content (aspects concerning the narrated story in fictional texts) and fictive stance (aspects concerning the reader’s response to fictional texts). The article focusses on the English, French and German-speaking debates of the long 18th century and within these discourses on the most central and, therefore, for the development of the concept of fiction/ality most influential figures. These are, most notably, Madame de Staël, Voltaire, Joseph Addison, Georg Friedrich Meier, Christian Wolff, the duo Johann Jakob Bodmer and Johann Jakob Breitinger as well as their adversary Johann Christoph Gottsched.The relevance of the article for a historical approach to the theory of fiction lies in the following aspects. By means of a tentative reconstruction of some carefully chosen propositions of 18th-century discourse on imagination I want to show that these propositions deal in some way or other with literary phenomena and theoretical concepts that in present-day theory are addressed under the label of fiction/ality. By comparing propositions stemming from 18th-century discourse on imagination with some major assertions of present-day theories of fiction I try to lay bare the similarities and the differences of the respective approaches to literary fiction and its conceptualisations. One of the major questions is to what extent these similarities and differences stem from the differing theoretical paradigms that are used to explain literary phenomena in both epochs. I venture some hypotheses about the influence of the respective theoretical backgrounds on the conceptions of fictionality then and today. An even more intriguing question seems to be whether the practice of fictional storytelling as we know and conceive it today had already been established during the 18th century or whether it was only in the process of being established.

scholarly journals The State of Music Semiology Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2509-2523
Author(s):  
Olga B. Solomonova ◽  
Galyna F. Zavgorodnia ◽  
Olha V. Muravska ◽  
Alla D. Chernoivanenko ◽  
Oksana O. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Development Of Language

The terminology of music semiology, which is an academic discipline with a significant educational resonance and a necessary component of music and educational practice at its higher educational and qualification levels, lies at the intersection of the main aspects of musicology such as the history of music, the theory and analysis of musical forms, music aesthetics and the theory of music interpretation, and others. Music semiology covers the transitional methodological abilities due to its subject reference points and the wide range of the material involved in the cognitive field. Music semiology can be considered a necessary basic discipline for the professional training of musicologists and practicing musicians of any programme. There is no doubt about the importance of mastering the language system, which is fundamental in the chosen field of communication. As an academic discipline, music semiology can be presented according to the way its terminology is built, it includes three main themes among which each of the following continues the meaning of the previous one by deepening and enlarging, detailing in an analytical way. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that unlike music semiotics and the theory of music semantics, semiology is looking for a way not only to expand culture, but also the metacultural ontological and transcendental premises of human thinking and communication, it refers to the experience that is the "starting point for all beginnings" while explaining the reasons for any human activity related to signs, the needs of the human community in the development of language and in linguistic being. But most of all, it is determined by the need to identify the origins of the musical language as the language of consciousness, which reveals its true reality of creating meaning to a person. Therefore, the study within music semiology focuses on specific ways of organising the sign form and meaning-designated content. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the sociocultural nature of humans, which is integral to the natural and biological conditions of one’s existence, is merged with human speech.

scholarly journals THE UKRAINIAN-MOSCOW TREATY OF 1654 IN THE INTERPRETATIONS OF POLISH HISTORIANS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 407-426
Author(s):  
Ihor Chava
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Pluralism ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Church Structure ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific

Summary. The purpose of the study is to research the interpretations of the Ukrainian-Moscow treaty of 1654 in the works of Polish historians of the first half of the twentieth century; study the approaches of scientists to identify the reasons for the mutual understanding of the Ukrainian Cossacks with the tsarist authorities; analyze the peculiarities of the study by Polish scholars of the history of the relations of the Hetman’s Chancellery of B. Khmelnytsky with Moscow; consider the specifics of historians’ vision of the circumstances of concluding the agreement in Pereyaslav and Moscow as well as the course of negotiations between the parties and their implementation; study the researchers’ assessments of the significance of the Ukrainian-Moscow agreement in the history of Ukraine, Tsardom of Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The research methodology is based on the general scientific principles of objectivity, historicism, scientific pluralism and reliance on historical sources. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, problem-chronological, historical-systemic) methods have been used in the work. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of a wide range of historiographical sources that reflect the interpretations of Polish scholars of the first half of the twentieth century history of the conclusion of the Ukrainian-Moscow treaty of 1654. The peculiarities of the historians’ approaches to the causes of the union between the Cossacks and Moscow and the circumstances of its conclusion are particularly studied. The ideological influences of historical schools and political concepts on the assessments of scholars of the Pereyaslav agreement and bereznevi statti (March articles) have been analyzed. Conclusions. Polish historians of the first half of the twentieth century considered 1654 a milestone in the fate of Ukraine and one of the most important in the history of Poland. It was from the Cossack-Moscow treaty that they deduced the beginning of the rejection of the eastern lands of the Commonwealth in favor of Russia. Scholars saw the causes of these fateful events in the significant depletion of the Ukrainian uprising. As another reason, they also pointed to the complication of the international situation of the Cossacks due to frustration with the Turkish protection and the dual role of assistance to the Crimean Khanate. Polish scholars have drawn attention to the long history of Cossack-Moscow relations since the uprisings of the first half of the seventeenth century. However, they also pointed to Moscow’s unpreparedness for the war against the Commonwealth and its indecision. In their interpretations of Cossack-Moscow relations during the national liberation war Polish historians emphasized the parties’ differing views on the terms of the union. Thus, the scholars indicated that B. Khmelnytsky understood the agreement as a military understanding directed against Poland, where there was no talk of any restriction of Ukraine’s broad autonomy. Instead, the tsarist government understood the treaty as a simple incorporation of Ukrainian lands. This, in turn, as scientists have pointed out, it has caused many sharp misunderstandings. Among the most irritating researchers named the issue of financing the Cossack register and the disagreement of the Ukrainian clergy with the attempts of the Moscow Patriarchate to absorb its church structure. Thus, in the vision of Polish historians of the first half of the twentieth century, the Ukrainian-Moscow union was perceived as hopeless and even utterly dangerous for the very existence of the Ukrainian people.

Theoretical basis of research of the process of formation of police bodies in the Western Ukrainian lands in 1944-1953

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Vasyl Zhupnyk
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Postwar Decade

Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the works of Soviet and modern Ukrainian scientists, which reveal the process of formation and specifics of the police in Western Ukraine in the postwar decade. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods, as well as the principles of historicism and objectivity. The key was the historiographical method and comparative approach, which allowed to identify key approaches and trends in the study of the process of creation and operation of police bodies in Western Ukraine in the first postwar decades. Results. It is established that the scientific works which reveal the process of creation of the Soviet authorities in the western Ukrainian lands, in particular the militia, were formed on the basis of several subjective factors, which were especially evident in the Soviet period. So, first, they were usually timed to coincide with certain events related to the anniversaries of the police and the Communist Party; as a «leading and guiding force»; second, they were all based on Marxist-Leninist methodology; thirdly, they have a one-sided «positive» character, although they give an idea of the main activities of the police; fourth, they do not cover the causes of repression, and even if they do, only as a «fight against criminal and anti-Soviet» criminal elements. In the conditions of Ukraine’s statehood, the departure from ideological dogmas, as well as access to a large array of previously inaccessible to a wide range of researchers archival material made it possible to find new conceptual approaches to objectively cover the history of Soviet police in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The analysis of the main theoretical and historical-legal approaches to the disclosure of the process of creation and activity of police bodies in the western Ukrainian lands in the conditions of the second wave of Sovietization is given. Practical significance. The results of the preliminaries can be obtained from the previous history and legal preliminaries, preparatory special courses.

LEGAL OPINION AND ORGANIZATION OF SECURITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES OUN (b)

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Dmytro Sposib
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Functional Methods ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
General Scientific

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the nature and specifics of the organization of the Security Service of OUN as well as to determine the list of documents that governed its competence and activities. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical approach to the analysis of the ratio of general, special and separate, general scientific and special scientific methods of research: historical, logical, comparative-legal, system-structural, formal-legal, functional methods. Results. The organizational structure of the Security Service OUN was formed in accordance with the tasks that were set before it. The construction of the structure of the special unit was mainly based on the territorial-functional principle. Vertical Construction of an Organization: It reflects its hierarchical system, built on the principle of wholly subordination of lower organizational cells to higher ones. The WB referents were part of the territorial wires, but had a separate organizational unit. According to the functions assigned to them, the Security Service OUN divisions were divided into administrative, intelligence, counterintelligence, police-investigative, combat, sabotage-investigative, elementary-education and technical units. Scientific novelty. The foundations of the organization and activities of the Security Service OUN, in the absence of its own statehood, were governed not by legal acts, but by a wide range of instructions and orders, and even verbal instructions. The main forms of orders were: instructions, instructions, coaching. From the end of 1945 correspondence between the leaders of the OUN (b) took on the role of command, instruction and reporting documentation. Practical importance. The results, conclusions and scientific provisions formulated by the author can be used in the further scientific development of the issues raised in order to improve the current legislation and activities of the Security Service of Ukraine.

Three Traditions of International Theory

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Keene
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Cultures

The English School conceived “international theory” as a way to approach the political philosophy and political speculation by examining historical traditions of international relations. The starting point for this line of inquiry was to organize the wide range of material contained in the history of ideas about international politics into a much simpler, and thus more intelligible, scheme, in the event comprising three traditions. Martin Wight called them realism, rationalism, and revolutionism, but they are also known as Hobbesianism (or Machiavellianism), Grotianism, and Kantianism. The fundamental difference between the three traditions is that each represents an idea of what international society is, from which they derive various propositions about more specific topics such as how to deal with peoples from different cultures, how to conduct diplomacy and wage war, or what obligations under international law are. For realists, international society is the state of nature, and since they see the state of nature as a state of war, the answer to the question “What is international society?” is “nothing.” Rationalists agree that international society is the state of nature, but for them it is a state of “goodwill, mutual assistance and preservation,” and so “international society is a true society, but institutionally deficient; lacking a common superior or judiciary.” Revolutionists, by contrast, reject the analogy with the state of nature. Instead, they have an immanent conception of international society, in the sense that they look beyond the apparent or present reality of a society of sovereign states and see behind it a true international society in the form of a community of mankind. Ultimately, these three traditions has exercised a profound influence on the ways in which international relations scholars think about the history of ideas.

Characteristics of referrals and admissions to a medium secure ASD unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Therese O' Donoghue ◽  
John Shine ◽  
Olufunto Orimalade
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Treatment Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Therapeutic Engagement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary data on a cohort of patients referred to a specialist forensic medium-secure autism spectrum disorder (ASD) service during its first two years of opening and to identify variables associated with admission to the service. Design/methodology/approach – Data on all referrals to the service (n=40) was obtained from clinical files on demographics, offending history, psychiatric history and levels of therapeutic engagement. The sample was divided into two groups: referred and admitted (n=23) and referred and not admitted (n=17). Statistical analysis compared the two groups on all variables. Findings – Totally, 94 per cent of all individuals assessed had a diagnosis of autism, however, structured diagnostic tools for ASD were used in a small minority of cases. About half the sample had a learning disability, almost four-fifths had at least one additional mental disorder and almost three-quarters had a history of prior supervision failure or non-compliance with treatment. The sample had a wide range of previous offences. No significant differences were found between the groups on any of the variables included in the study. Research limitations/implications – The present study presents a starting point to follow up in terms of response to treatment and characteristics associated with treatment outcome. Practical implications – The sample had a wide range of clinical and risk-related needs. Both groups shared many similarities. Originality/value – This highlights the need for comprehensive assessment looking at risk-related needs so that individuals are referred to an optimal treatment pathway.

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