scholarly journals Konsep Pluralisme Hukum Khas Indonesia sebagai Strategi Menghadapi Era Modernisasi Hukum

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Fradhana Putra Disantara

The purpose of this legal research is to describe the concept of Indonesian legal pluralism or Indonesian legal pluralism in facing the era of legal modernization; as well as describing the Indonesian legal pluralism strategy in integrating customary courts into the national legal system. This legal research uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. In this legal research, the primary and secondary legal materials used are inventoried in order to obtain proper legal review; and provides a conceptual analysis of the legal issues discussed. The results of the study stated that as a novelty concept; The concept of typical Indonesian legal pluralism provides equality for the enactment of state law, transnational law and customary law so that they can run together based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the era of legal modernization. Then, the concept of typical Indonesian legal pluralism can be used as a strategy to integrate customary justice into the national legal system through aspects of legal development. Thus, this research is expected to be useful theoretically; namely as a scientific development of customary law, and practical benefits; namely as a reference for drafting regulations on customary villages by local governments. Therefore, researchers recommend that the Indigenous Peoples Bill be a priority in the 2021 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas).

Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu Dewi

The purpose of this research is to discover the existence of autonomy of Desa Pakraman in legal pluralism perspective. Related with that purpose, there are two issues that will be discussed, first, how does the existence of the autonomy of Desa Pakraman in Indonesia’s legal system?,Second, how does the existence of the autonomy of Desa Pakraman in legal pluralism perspective?. The research method is normative legal research using statue approach, concept approach and analytical approach and law analysis by using legal interpretation. Based on the problems, the results of discussion are : first, the existence of the autonomy of Desa Pakraman within the Indonesia’s legal system has regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, national and local Regulations. In the Constitution, specifically Article 18 B of paragraph (2), declare that the states recognizes Desa Pakraman and their traditional rights. In regulation of Law No.5 of 1960 concerning basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), regulation of Human Rights, and regulation of Desa (Village) are clearly recognize Desa Pakraman as traditional institution has traditional rights, one of it is the autonomy of Desa Pakraman. At the local regulation, autonomy Desa Pakraman has regulated in Local Regulation about Desa Pakraman. Second, that existence of autonomy Desa Pakraman in perspective legal pluralism is that the existence autonomy Desa Pakraman is a weak legal pluralism. In perspective weak legal pluralism the state law as a superior and the customary law as an inferior, its position in the hierarchy under State law. As a theory, the semi-autonomous social field from Sally Falk Moore perspectives that Desa Pakraman is semi-autonomous. Desa Pakraman has capacity to hold their village based on the customary law and outomaticly Desa Pakraman to be in framework of state law.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Fais Yonas Bo’a

Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum sudah mendapatkan legitimasi secara yuridis melalui TAP MPR Nomor XX/MPRS/1966 tentang Memorandum DPR-GR Mengenai Sumber Tertib Hukum Republik Indonesia dan Tata Urutan Peraturan Perundang Republik Indonesia. Setelah reformasi, keberadaan Pancasila tersebut kembali dikukuhkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 yang kemudian diganti dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum memberi makna bahwa sistem hukum nasional wajib berlandaskan Pancasila. Akan tetapi, keberadaan Pancasila tersebut semakin tergerus dalam sistem hukum nasional. Hal demikian dilatarbelakangi oleh tiga alasan yaitu: pertama, adanya sikap resistensi terhadap Orde Baru yang memanfaatkan Pancasila demi kelanggengan kekuasaan yang bersifat otoriter. Kedua, menguatnya pluralisme hukum yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kontradiksi-kontradiksi atau disharmonisasi hukum. Ketiga, status Pancasila tersebut hanya dijadikan simbol dalam hukum. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya untuk menerapkan Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum dalam sistem hukum nasional yaitu: pertama, menjadikan Pancasila sebagai suatu aliran hukum agar tidak terjadi lagi disharmonisasi hukum akibat diterapkannya pluralisme hukum. Kedua, mendudukkan Pancasila sebagai puncak peraturan perundang-undangan agar Pancasila memiliki daya mengikat terhadap segala jenis peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga tidak melanggar asas lex superiori derogat legi inferiori.Pancasila as the source of all sources of law has obtained legitimacy legally through the Decree of the People’s Consultative Assembly Number XX / MPRS / 1966 on the Memorandum of the House of Representatives-Gotong Royong Regarding the Sources of Law and the Order of the Republic of Indonesia. After the reformation, the existence of Pancasila was re-confirmed in Law Number 10 Year 2004 which was subsequently replaced by Law Number 12 Year 2011 on Legislation Regulation. Pancasila as the source of all sources of law gives meaning that the national legal system must be based on Pancasila. However, now the existence of Pancasila is increasingly eroded in the national legal system. This is motivated by three reasons: first, the existence of resistance to the New Order that utilizes Pancasila for the sake of perpetuity of authoritarian power. Second, the strengthening of legal pluralism that resulted in legal contradictions or disharmony. Third, the status of Pancasila is only used as a symbol in law. Therefore, efforts should be made to implement Pancasila as the source of all sources of law in the national legal system: first, make Pancasila as a flow of law in order to avoid legal disharmonization due to the application of legal pluralism. Secondly, Pretend Pancasila as the top of legislation so that Pancasila have binding power against all kinds of laws and regulations so that it does not violate the principle of lex superiori derogat legi inferiori.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Nikmah Fitriah

This study aims to discover the principles of law in the use of natural resources. Pemanfaatan natural resources for the development and preservation of environmental functions must not be contradictory and mutual sacrifice, even the two should be mutually supportive and running parallel. The research method used is Normative or Doctrinal Law research, namely research on Legal Principles, Concepts, and Implementation in society. The type of pure legal research is research based on the view that law is a positive norm in the national legal system of legislation. Oriented in a positivistic understanding with a doctrinal method, a statute approach, a conceptual approach. The findings of this study are that the characteristics of laws and regulations that regulate the use of natural resources already contain the principles of sustainable development. Characteristics of statutory regulations governing the use of natural resources in the future in order to guarantee the value of certainty, the value of justice, and the value of the benefit in regulating the use of natural resources according to their function.


Author(s):  
Putu Endra Wijaya Negara ◽  
A.A. Gede Oka Parwata

This study aims to determine the arrangement of customary traditions based on Indonesian law and to understand the guarantee of Human Rights in the Manak Salah Tradition in Bali. The method used in research related to human rights assurance in the Manak Salah Tradition in Bali uses normative juridical legal research, using a statutory approach or a statute approach to analyze legal issues in this study. Sources of legal materials in this study consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study found that human rights guarantee in the Manak Salah Tradition in Bali basically have to be uniform. This is because a tradition will be very difficult to erase, this is because customary law is recognized in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 18B paragraph (2) even though customary law cannot conflict with national law. So that in order to guarantee human rights from the wrong tradition, special arrangements are needed in the form of proper housing facilities, visited by other village krama, provision of MCK facilities, assisted with readiness by all village manners as a whole so as to help ease the burden on the family who is subject to sanctions, help ease the family. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan tradisi adat berdasarkan Hukum Indonesia serta memahami jaminan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dalam Tradisi Manak Salah di Bali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian terkait jaminan HAM dalam Tradisi Manak Salah di Bali ini mempergunakan jenis penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan atau statute approach dan pendekatan konseptual atau conceptual approach untuk menganalisis isu hukum dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari studi ini menemukan jika jaminan HAM dalam Tradisi Manak Salah di Bali pada dasarnya harus dilakukan penyeragaman. Hal ini dikarenakan suatu tradisi akan sangat sulit untuk dihapuskan, hal ini dikarenakan hukum adat diakui dalam UUD NRI 1945 Pasal 18B ayat (2)  meskipun hukum adat tidak boleh berlawanan dengan hukum positif Indonesia. Sehingga untuk menjamin HAM dari tradisi manak salah diperlukan pengaturan secara khusus berupa fasilitas perumahan yang layak, dikunjungi oleh krama desa yang lain, penyediaan fasilitas MCK, dibantu kesiapannya oleh seluruh krama desa secara keseluruhan sehingga membantu meringankan beban pihak keluarga yang terkena sanksi, membantu meringankan keluarga.


2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Karlygash Useinova ◽  
Aset Toktybaev ◽  
Akylbek Isabekov ◽  
Spatai Sartaev ◽  
Aidar Zhainak

The article is devoted to the study of the Barymta Institute and determining its place in the customary legal system of the Kazakhs. The article shows the main stages of the emergence, development, and liquidation of Barymta; reveals the essence and content of the Barymta Institute; identifies and analyzes the main forms of Barymta manifestation. The ultimate goal of the legal reform carried out in Kazakhstan is the formation of the national legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In many ways, its success depends on how much the legal heritage of the Kazakh people will be used. Traditional Kazakh society did not know written law. That is why legal regulations were of great social, regulatory and managerial importance. Without studying the customary law of the Kazakhs, developing specific, reasoned views on its nature, as many prominent scientists emphasize, it is impossible to comprehensively study the history of the people of the traditional period, especially since many issues remain completely unexplained.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
I Made Suastika Ekasana

<p><em>Pratima Theft Crime is part of the crime of theft or crimes against property or objects that are sacred and sacred or sacred and sanctified which are related to symbols of God, Goddesses, Bhatara-Bhatari and their manifestations. Pratima theft is part of a crime against property as regulated in Book II of the Criminal Code and is also regulated in Hindu Law as Corah or Asteya in Article 6 in conjunction with Articles 336 - 343 Astamo dhyayah Weda Smrti (Manawa Dharmasastra) in conjunction with Articles 51 - 70 Ekodaco dhyayah Weda Smrti (Manawa Dharmasastra). Corah or Asteya is part of Hindu legal norms in the field of Criminal Law or Kantaka Sodhana. The problems studied in the writing are, Are Hindu law norms in the field of Criminal Law included in the national legal system in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia? What are the factors causing the rampant theft of pratima in Bali Province ?. Using the normative legal research method, the conclusion obtained is that the legal norms of Pratima Theft are regulated in the legal system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. support each other in the administration of the State. The Pratima Theft legal norms are part of the Criminal Law Norms including one of the Areas of Hindu Law which is one of the recognized religious laws in Indonesia, therefore the Pratima Theft legal norms as one of the religious laws (Hinduism) are automatically included as part of and regulated in the legal system in the Republic of Indonesia. Factors causing pratima theft include human factors, environmental factors, educational factors, social interaction factors and opportunity factors.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Crime, Theft, Pratima, Hindu Law, Criminal Law.</em></p><p align="center"> </p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Umbu Rauta ◽  
Ninon Melatyugra

Tulisan ini ingin menjawab dua isu utama mengenai hubungan hukum internasional dan pengujian undang-undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi RI (MKRI). Isu pertama adalah legitimasi penggunaan hukum internasional sebagai alat interpretasi dalam pengujian undang-undang, sedangkan isu kedua adalah urgensi penguasaan hukum internasional oleh hakim MKRI. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan historis dalam menjelaskan perkembangan pengujian undang-undang di Indonesia sekaligus menemukan legitimasi penggunaan hukum internasional oleh MK RI. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa hukum internasional memiliki sumbangsih yang penting dalam perannya sebagai alat interpretasi dalam proses pengujian undang-undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, khususnya terkait hak asasi manusia. Justifikasi keabsahan praktik penggunaan hukum internasional tersebut ditarik dari tradisi ketatanegaraan yang secara implisit dikehendaki UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Manfaat positif yang diberikan hukum internasional nyatanya harus disertai juga dengan penguasaan hukum internasional oleh hakim MK RI supaya hukum internasional dapat digunakan secara tepat. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini dibagi ke dalam empat sub bahasan inti yakni, pengujian undang-undang, penggunaan hukum internasional sebagai the interpretative tool dalam pengujian undang-undang oleh MK, legitimasi penggunaan hukum internasional sebagai the interpretative tool dalam pengujian undang-undang, pentingnya penguasaan hukum internasional oleh hakim MK.This article intentionally answers two principal issues regarding the relationship between international law and judicial review by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The first issue is the legitimacy of international use as an interpretative tool in judicial review. The second issue talks about the necessity of urgent international law mastery by the Constitutional Court’s judges. This legal research utilizes both a conceptual approach and a historical approach to explain the development of judicial review in Indonesia, and to find legitimacy of international law by the Constitutional Court. The analysis in this article affirms that international law positively contributes as an interpretative tool in judicial review by the Constitutional Court, particularly pertaining to human rights. A justification of a legitimate international law use is withdrawn from constitutional tradition which is implicitly desired by the Indonesian Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). Since international law has provided better insights into norms, a mastery of international law should be encouraged. There are four main discussions in this article: judicial review, application of international law in judicial review process, legitimacy of international law application in judicial review, and the importance of international law mastering by Constitutional Court judges.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Agsel Awanisa ◽  
Yusdianto Yusdianto ◽  
Siti Khoiriah

The purpose of this research is to determine the constitutional complaint mechanism based on comparisons in other countries, practices, and adaptation of constitutional complaints under the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Many cases with constitutional complaint substance have been submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia even though they don’t have this authority. This research uses a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. This research indicates that the constitutional complaint mechanism in Germany, South Korea, and South Africa has been well implemented. In practice, cases with constitutional complaint substance are filed to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia by changing the form by using the legal means of a judicial review, such as case number 16/PUU-VI/ 2008, case number 140/PUU-XIII/2015 and case number 102/PUU-VII/2009. Due to the consideration of the structure, substance, and culture of law, adaptation of constitutional complaint within the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia needs to be carried out by amending Law Number 24 of 2003 jo. Law Number 7 of 2020 concerning the Constitutional Court.


Author(s):  
Helen Quane

This chapter studies the jurisdictional boundaries between state and non-state law with specific reference to religious, or customary, law. The determination of these regulatory forms as state law depends on the extent to which they perform prescriptive, adjudicative, or enforcement functions. Indeed, the boundaries between state and non-state law are not as stable as they may appear, as they are liable to shift according to circumstances and over time. The chapter then argues that the issue of classification acquires resonance in cases where legal pluralism occurs as the character and scope of a state’s exercise of jurisdiction becomes far more ambiguous in such situations. This can create uncertainty about the jurisdiction of the respective systems, the status of norms from one system that are given effect in another, and how these norms should be interpreted and applied given their concurrent existence within more than one legal system.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-146
Author(s):  
I Ketut Sudantra

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan urgensi dan strategi pemberdayaan peradilan adat dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia. Secara konseptual, peradilan adat yang dimaksud dalam tulisan ini adalah sistem peradilan yang hidup dan dipraktikkan dalam kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat. Secara konstitusional, eksistensi peradilan adat diakui berdasarkan Pasal 18B ayat (2) Undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, tetapi dalam level peraturan perundang-undnagan di bawah Undang-undang Dasar, eksistensi peradilan adat tidak mendapat pengakuan yang memadai. Kondisi ini menimbulkan dampak melemahnya posisi peradilan adat pada sebagian masyarakat adat ditandai oleh sikap dan perilaku masyarakat yang mulai enggan menyelesaikan perkaranya melalui peradilan adat. Di beberapa tempat, dewasa ini sudah tidak bisa ditemukan lagi adanya peradilan adat. Apabila kondisi ini dibiarkan berlangsung terus maka akan mengancam eksitensi kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat, sebab tanpa adanya pranata peradilan adat yang berfungsi menegakkan norma-norma hukum adat, suatu kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat akan kehilangan eksistensinya sebagai suatu kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat yang hidup. Oleh karena itu, peradilan adat sangat penting dan mendesak direvitalisasi, dalam arti diberdayakan agar dapat berfungsi kembali sebagai alternatif penyelesaian perkara, khususnya di lingkungan kesatuankesatuan masyarakat hukum adat.. Revitalisasi peradilan adat dapat dilakukan melalui strategi pembenahan seluruh komponen sistem hukumnya, baik substansi hukum, struktur hukum, dan buidaya hukumnya. This paper aims to explain the urgency and strategy of empowering customary justice in the legal system in Indonesia. Conceptually, the customary judiciary referred to in this paper is a living justice system that is practiced in customary law communities. Constitutionally, the existence of customary courts is recognized based on Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, but at the level of statutory regulations under the Constitution, the existence of adat justice does not receive adequate recognition. This condition has the effect of weakening the position of customary justice in some indigenous communities marked by the attitudes and behavior of people who are reluctant to settle their cases through adat justice. In some places, there is no longer any traditional justice. If this condition is allowed to continue, it will threaten the existence of the customary community, because without customary judicial institutions that function to uphold customary law norms, a customary community community will lose its existence as a living customary community. Therefore, customary justice is very important and urgent to be revitalized, in the sense that it is empowered so that it can function again as an alternative case settlement, especially in the environment of customary law community units. Revitalization of customary justice can be done through a strategy of revamping all components of the legal system, both in substance the law, the legal structure and the legal nature. 


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