scholarly journals Comparative analysis of antioxidant and secondary metabolites contents in eight populations of Medicago ciliaris L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 41.3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidi Sourour ◽  
Jabri Cheima ◽  
Souissi Amir ◽  
Ferchichi Marwa ◽  
Zoghlami-Khélil Aziza
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Medicago Ciliaris ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

1 ABSTRACT To identify the suitable genetic resources of forage legumes for animal feeding, the characterization of their chemical and biochemical composition is crucial since forage quality is a limiting factor which affects animal health and performance and consequently human health. In this context, this study carried out for the first time the analyses of the antioxidant compounds and the secondary metabolites (total phenols and tannins and saponins) in whole fresh biomass, flowers and stems of eight populations of Medicago ciliaris L (echinus Medicago) collected in different bioclimatic areas of north Tunisia. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between populations for all parameters (P<0.05) except for anthocyanins (P>0.05). Significant correlations were found between carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b (r= 0.59, n=48; P<0.0001) and between lycopene and β-carotene (r=0.81, n=48; P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that populations 306 and 326 had the highest contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids while Pop3 had the highest content of lycopene, β-carotenes, saponines and total tannins. These populations will be integrated in a breeding program for quality improvement of forage and will serve for grazing of pods and straw in summer and grazing of green biomass in winter and spring accordingly to their richness in antioxidant compounds.

Yeast application and its derived products to reduce aflatoxicosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
A.S. Baptista ◽  
J. Horii ◽  
M.A. Calori-Domingues ◽  
E.M. Gloria ◽  
M.R. Vizioli
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cellular Components

Yeasts have been studied and used as source of proteins for animal feeding over many years. Recently, new ideas on their use has lead to studies to enrich yeasts with micronutrients and use them as vehicles in feed production. Yeast cellular components are also used to improve the animal health and performance. The use of living yeasts are also thought to improve animal food consumption and reduce cell damage caused by substances such as aflatoxins found in animal foods. Aflatoxins, secondary metabolites produced by some fungi in foods and feeds can, on ingestion, result in the illness or death of animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae living cells and its derived products on animals when they are supplied with diets contaminate by aflatoxins.

scholarly journals Pre-Weaned Calf Rearing on Northern Irish Dairy Farms: Part 1. A Description of Calf Management and Housing Design

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
Aaron J Brown ◽  
Gillian Scoley ◽  
Niamh O’Connell ◽  
Jamie Robertson ◽  
Amanda Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Hygiene Management ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
And Performance

The first few months of life are of great importance to the longevity and lifetime performance of dairy cows. The nutrition, environment and healthcare management of heifer calves must be sufficient to minimise exposure to stress and disease and enable them to perform to their genetic potential. Lack of reporting of farm management practices in Northern Ireland (NI) makes it difficult to understand where issues impacting health, welfare and performance may occur in the rearing process. The objective of this study was to investigate housing design and management practices of calves on 66 dairy farms across NI over a 3-month period and also identify areas that may cause high risk of poor health and performance in dairy calves. An initial survey was used to detail housing and management practices, with two subsequent visits to each farm used to collect animal and housing-based measurements linked to hygiene management, animal health and performance. Large variations in key elements such as weaning criteria and method, calf grouping method used, nutritional feed plane, and routine hygiene management were identified. The specification of housing, in particular ventilation and stocking density, was highlighted as a potential limiting factor for calf health and performance. Lack of measurement of nutritional inputs, hygiene management practices and calf performance was observed. This poses a risk to farmers’ ability to ensure the effectiveness of key management strategies and recognise poor calf performance and health.

Preparation and Performance Characterization of “Turnjujube-Like” CdSe Nanofibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Yong Ping Luo ◽  
Zong Hu Xiao ◽  
Shun Jian Xu ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Huan Wen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Cubic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zinc Blende ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

It was reported for the first time that “Turnjujube-like” CdSe nanofibers have been assembled onto TiO2surface by electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry, using CdSO4•8H2O and SeO2as raw material, can be used as a sensitizer of quantum dot-sensitized solar cell. CdSe morphology, structure characterization and optical properties are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolt-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), respectively. The experimental results show that the prepared “Turnjujube–like” CdSe nanofibers are zinc blende CdSe with cubic crystal system, and it have excellent light absorption within the wavelength range of 300–800 nm. It has a potential for the construction of QD-sensitized solar energy cell.

scholarly journals Feedborne Mycotoxins Beauvericin and Enniatins and Livestock Animals

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ludmila Křížová ◽  
Kateřina Dadáková ◽  
Michaela Dvořáčková ◽  
Tomáš Kašparovský
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carry Over

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi, including the Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Currently, more than 300 structurally diverse mycotoxins are known, including a group called minor mycotoxins, namely enniatins, beauvericin, and fusaproliferin. Beauvericin and enniatins possess a variety of biological activities. Their antimicrobial, antibiotic, or ionoforic activities have been proven and according to various bioassays, they are believed to be toxic. They are mainly found in cereal grains and their products, but they have also been detected in forage feedstuff. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs of livestock animals are of dual concern. First one relates to the safety of animal-derived food. Based on the available data, the carry-over of minor mycotoxins from feed to edible animal tissues is possible. The second concern relates to detrimental effects of mycotoxins on animal health and performance. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the relation of minor mycotoxins to livestock animals.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile of Pasture Weeds from the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. RODRIGUES ◽  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
A.A. SILVA ◽  
M.H. SANTOS ◽  
A.J. DEMUNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Number Of Classes

ABSTRACT: The great diversity of plant species in pastures of the Brazilian Cerrado with distinct ecophysiological characteristics indicates the possibility of finding, in the cellular content of this flora, chemical compounds with potential for use in agriculture and human and animal health. Three steps are necessary to prove this hypothesis: phytochemical prospecting, characterization of secondary metabolites, and studies on the biological activities of these metabolites present in these plants. The chemical profile of secondary metabolites present in five species of the Brazilian Cerrado (Davilla elliptica, Remijia ferruginea, Luehea paniculata, Anacardium occidentale, and Acosmium dasycarpum) was traced in this research. These plant species were collected in pasture areas of Felício dos Santos, Minas Gerais. The samples were dried and submitted to two types of extract (ethanolic and hexanic). By using specific chemical reactions, the presence of coumarins, triterpenes/steroids, and anthracenosides was observed in the hexanic extracts, while the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes/steroids, flavonoids, tannins, reducing compounds, and anthocyanins was observed in the ethanolic extracts. The species presented diverse classes of compounds. However, triterpenes/steroids, tannins, reducing compounds and anthocyanins were found in all species, being the use of the solvent ethanol the most efficient in extracting the compounds. The species D. elliptica presented the highest number of classes of compounds. The widespread application in folk medicine justifies further studies on the biological activity of different metabolites in agriculture and health areas.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Contribution to Virulence of Three Large Plasmids of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli χ7122 (O78:K80:H9)

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melha Mellata ◽  
Keith Ameiss ◽  
Hua Mo ◽  
Roy Curtiss
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Large Plasmids ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that the presence of multiple large plasmids is a defining feature of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), such as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), and despite the fact that these bacteria pose a considerable threat to both human and animal health, characterization of these plasmids is still limited. In this study, after successfully curing APEC of its plasmids, we were able to investigate, for the first time, the contribution to virulence of three plasmids, pAPEC-1 (103 kb), pAPEC-2 (90 kb), and pAPEC-3 (60 kb), from APEC strain χ7122 individually as well as in all combinations in the wild-type background. Characterization of the different strains revealed unique features of APEC virulence. In vivo assays showed that curing the three plasmids resulted in severe attenuation of virulence. The presence of different plasmids and combinations of plasmids resulted in strains with different pathotypes and levels of virulence, reflecting the diversity of APEC strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. Unexpectedly, our results associated the decrease in growth of some strains in some media with the virulence of APEC, and the mechanism was associated with some combinations of plasmids that included pAPEC-1. This study provided new insights into the roles of large plasmids in the virulence, growth, and evolution of APEC by showing for the first time that both the nature of plasmids and combinations of plasmids have an effect on these phenomena. It also provided a plausible explanation for some of the conflicting results related to the virulence of ExPEC strains. This study should help us understand the virulence of other ExPEC strains and design more efficient infection control strategies.

scholarly journals Genotyping of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Isolates in Romania with the First Report of Genotype II in Symptomatic Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Andrei Ungur ◽  
Cristina Daniela Cazan ◽  
Luciana Cătălina Panait ◽  
Marian Taulescu ◽  
Oana Maria Balmoș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genotype Ii

The World Organisation for Animal Health has listed African swine fever as the most important deadly disease in domestic swine around the world. The virus was recently brought from South-East Africa to Georgia in 2007, and it has since expanded to Russia, Eastern Europe, China, and Southeast Asia, having a devastating impact on the global swine industry and economy. In this study, we report for the first time the molecular characterization of nine African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates obtained from domestic pigs in Mureş County, Romania. All nine Romanian samples clustered within p72 genotype II and showed 100% identity with all compared isolates from Georgia, Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Poland. This is the first report of ASFV genotype II in the country.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a gp60-Based Typing Assay for Cryptosporidium viatorum

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1891-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stensvold ◽  
K. Elwin ◽  
J. Winiecka-Krusnell ◽  
R. M. Chalmers ◽  
L. Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
First Time

The apicomplexan intestinal parasites of the genusCryptosporidiumtake a major toll on human and animal health and are frequent causes of waterborne outbreaks. Several species and genotypes can infect humans, includingCryptosporidium viatorum, which, to date, has only been found in humans. Molecular characterization ofCryptosporidiumspp., critical to epidemiological analyses, is commonly based on gp60 gene analysis, which appears to require bespoke species- or group-specific PCR primers due to extensive genetic diversity across the genus. In this study, we amplified, sequenced, and characterized the gp60 gene ofC. viatorumfor the first time. Moreover, we developed and validated a gp60 typing assay for this species and applied it to 27 isolates originating from Asia, Africa, and Central America. A single subtype family, XVa, was identified containing multiple alleles.

scholarly journals Nutritional Characterization of the Functional and Antioxidant Activity of Cactus Flowers from Hidalgo, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5965
Author(s):  
Christian A. Pensamiento-Niño ◽  
Rafael G. Campos-Montiel ◽  
Javier Añorve-Morga ◽  
Esther Ramírez-Moreno ◽  
Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Functional Composition

Flowers have traditionally been used in the production of various dishes to improve the sensory aspects of food. In this study, the nutritional and functional composition of cactus flowers was evaluated for their possible use in the food industry. The objective of this research was also to identify the main secondary metabolites of flowers by HPLC/ESI/MS analyses. The findings indicated that the most abundant components of the flowers were carbohydrates, followed by ash and proteins. The highest antioxidant capacity, assessed by DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays, was observed in Echinocereus cinerascens, with values of 255.08 and 392.65 µM Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively. These values were also correlated with a high content of phenolic compounds. Forty-four secondary metabolites were detected in total, of which the most predominant corresponded to compounds such as quercetin and isorhamnetin, as well as their derivatives, protocatechuic acid and apigenin. This study indicates that Cactaceae flowers could be a source of nutrients; in addition, the diversity of compounds and their good antioxidant properties suggest that they should be considered as new sources of natural antioxidant compounds in the elaboration of functional products.

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