scholarly journals RATIONALITY AND RESPONSIBILITY: BENCHMARKS TO RE-EVALUATE THE LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Rodica CIOBANU

Human and social vulnerability in the face of the pandemic once again raises the question of knowledge and of the two key dimensions of the individual (rationality and responsibility) framed in the various relationships they establish (with nature, with other individuals, with state institutions etc.). These become relationships of knowledge and awareness concerning the facts and laws of social-state organization. Being aware that the pandemic crisis left its mark on all areas of life, changing the nature of human relations, affecting the benchmarks of values, and requiring a review of the foundations of social organization, we believe it necessary to assess the current situation through a systemic approach aimed at identifying the benchmarks of the balance between individuality and sociality. Thanks to the assessment of the interdependencies between the individual and the social, the following objectives were addressed: to define the changes caused by the pandemic and analyze the social processes; to validate the decisions taken by the authorities from a logical, praxeological and axiological point of view; to emphasize the importance of norms and principles in the social organization; to determine the role of social actors in overcoming the crisis, and to assess how social relations have evolved under pandemic conditions. Therefore, the present article, applying an interdisciplinary methodology to the pandemic crisis, aims to evaluate, understand and raise awareness of the situation and its impact on the social and human situation, where solidarity, rationality, and human responsibility are being reassessed.

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Marzanna Farnicka ◽  
Jonathan Chumas

Over 40 years ago the French Research Committee on Violence, Crime and Delinquency published a document that contained current analyses on the occurrence of social problems and their determinants, as well as guidelines to reduce risks and reduce the sense of threat and insecurity in modern society. The document became the basis for the reflection on public debate on violence in international communities and psychological practice against violence in both interpersonal and wider social relations. The combination of the individual and the social perspective gives a chance to criticise and rethink the guidelines suggested by the Committee from the point of view of such issues as community responsibility, individual rights and the current state in psychological and social care against violence. Special attention was paid to ten recommendations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Roberta Lamonatto Taglietti ◽  
Carla Rosane Paz Arruda Teo

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo apontar e discutir as situações que vulnerabilizam a mãe adolescente diante do cuidado alimentar com o filho do ponto de vista das dimensões individual, social e programática. Participaram do estudo nove adolescentes, que responderam a uma entrevistasemiestruturada, sendo os dados explorados por análise de conteúdo temática. Na dimensão individual se destacaram aspectos relativos a saúde biológica, trajetória pessoal, recursos pessoais e intersubjetividade, o que representou um determinante para que as adolescentes buscassem por ajuda no exercício de sua maternidade. Na dimensão social fica evidente as relações de gênero, relações intergeracionais e processo de estigmatização, indicando a adolescente como um indivíduo em relação, com múltiplas influências sociais que conduzem ou explicam, em alguma medida, suas ações diante do cuidado alimentar com a criança. Na dimensão programática, os resultados apontam para programas e políticas específicas, articulação intersetorial e organização do setor saúde, com suporte limitado para o desenvolvimento da função materna das adolescentes, como provedoras de alimentos para seus filhos. A pesquisa apontou evidências de vulnerabilidades nas dimensões individual e social, as quais não encontram resposta no nível programático, deixando a adolescente ainda mais fragilizadas diante da maternidade.Palavras-chave: Adolescência. Maternidade. Vulnerabilidade em Saúde. EVIDENCES OF VULNERABILITIES INVOLVED WITH THE FOOD CARE PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERNITY IN ADOLESCENCE ABSTRACT: This qualitative study aimed at pointing out and discussing the situations that make the adolescent mother vulnerable to child care from the point of view of the individual, social and programmatic dimensions. Nine adolescents, who answered a semi-structured interview, participated in the study, and the data was analyzed by thematic content analysis. In the individual dimension, aspects related to biological health, personal trajectory, personal resources and intersubjectivity were highlighted, which represented a determinant for the adolescents to seek help in the exercise of their motherhood. In the social dimension, gender relations, intergenerational relations and the stigmatization process are evident, indicating the adolescent as an individual in relation, with multiple social influences that lead or explain, to some extent, their actions regarding the food care with the child. In the programmatic dimension, the results point to specific programs and policies, intersectoral articulation and organization of the health sector, with limited support for the development of the maternal function of adolescents as providers of food for their children. The research pointed to evidences of vulnerabilities in the individual and social dimensions, which do not find an answer at the programmatic level, leaving the adolescent even more fragile in the face of motherhood.Keywords: Adolescent. Parenting. Health Vulnerability.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Elena Ksenofontova

The article outlines the semantic field of the problems related to "identity" in order to find a general framework for joint work of narrow specialists studying the social reality that is diverse, yet common to all of us. The main thesis of the paper is that the identification process carried out by the subject in search of self-identification or "I" is not limited to, but is based on the psychological security of the individual. The issue is considered from the point of view of different research disciplines. Pedagogical and Developmental Psychology, as well as Pedagogy deal with the processes of the child’s socialization resulting in his/her mastering the social roles, but also the person’s self-identification as a subject of social relations. The potential capabilities of this subject depend on his/her achievement of self-acceptance based on the feeling of belonging to such a group that offers the values that the person is willing to realize in his/her life. Both psychologists and political scientists indicate considerable difficulties the person comes across on this path.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
I.B. Bovina ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov

Technology has become ubiquitous, and without it it is hardly possible to imagine everyday human life. As a result of their active use, the individual feels as if he is an important participant in various processes taking place in a globalized world. The purpose of this theoretical and analytical study is to analyze the potential of the social representations theory to study the transformations that occur to a person in a digital society. Theory makes it possible to answer the question of how a person builds an explanation for a new phenomenon and builds his behavior in accordance with it. The modern era is an era of visual culture, where the power of texts (which corresponded to the generation of parents) was replaced by the power of pictures (at the level of the adolescents and young people). This feature can be viewed through the prism of the ideas of this theory, speaking of figurative and linguistic rhetorics. Finally, the theory of social representations allows us to articulate the processes of communication, social representations, and explain how the latter regulate social behavior and social relations in the digital society.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (87) ◽  
pp. 589-609
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Rezende ◽  
Flávia Luciana Naves Mafra ◽  
Jussara Jéssica Pereira

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the case of five lack entrepreneurs who own businesses a public that for years has denied a esthetic and phenotypic traits. These spaces, branded as ‘ethnic salons’, aim to take care of the curly and / or Afrohair of Black men and women.In the face of this context, we ask: how canBlack entrepreneurs and enterprisesconfront colonialmentality in social relations, by creating businesses aimed at giving value to, and appreciatingthe identity of Black men and women? The field research was conducted via observations and interviews,collecting narratives from both. The narratives went through a process of synthesis and analysisprocesses that allowed us to flag the motivesbehind these enterprises, as well as the racial/ethnic acceptance present in these spaces. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to discuss ‘hairtype’ as a constitutive element of Black racial identity, and the opportunity for more autonomywhen entering the labor market.


2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEND ERIK LARSEN

Change in European cultural history has, for a long period, been discussed through two interrelated notions, that of science and that of history. This paper traces the various stages of this discussion from Antiquity to the present day from the point of view of history. Two reoccurring and paradigmatic characters of mythological descent, Odysseus and Prometheus, illustrate how history as a realm for human responsibility and future planning has established itself as a specific European construct, with the 18th century as its final breakthrough in practical and ideological terms. A close analysis of Leonardo da Vinci's drawing the Vitruvian Man, in statu nascendi, shows how the individual human being carrying the obligations and the promises of this history, is envisioned. The final remarks underline the importance of scientific knowledge in the concrete shaping of this responsibility and a plea for an increased cooperation across the disciplines.


Author(s):  
V.B. Belov

The article examines the results of the last Bundestag elections. They marked the end of the Angela Merkel era and reflected the continuation of difficult party-political and socio-economic processes in the informal leader of the European Union. The main attention of the research focuses on the peculiarities of the election campaign of the leading parties and of the search for ways of further development of Germany in the face of urgent economic and political challenges. These challenges include the impact of the coronavirus crisis, the impact of the energy and digital transition to a climate-neutral economy, and the complex international situation. Based on original sources, the author analyzes the causes of the SPD victory and the CDU/CSU bloc defeat, the results of the negotiations of the Social Democrats with the Greens and Liberals, the content of the coalition agreement from the point of view of the prospects for the development of domestic and foreign policy and the economy of Russia's main partner in the west of the Eurasian continent. The conclusion is made about the absence of breakthrough ideas, the consistent continuation of the course started by the previous government for a carbon-free economy and the strengthening of the role of Germany in Europe and the world. For this course, conflicts and problems in achieving the set goals will be immanent due to the compromising nature of the coalition agreements.


2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
A. V Kiriakova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Moroz ◽  

Interest in creativity as a subject of research has been growing exponentially since the second half of the 20th century in all areas of human history. A wide range of both domestic and foreign studies allows authors to assert that creativity is a personality trait, inherent to one degree or another. Whereas the development of such trait becomes an urgent necessity in the new reality. The entire evolutionary process of the social development illustrates its dependence on personal and collective creativity. The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of creativity through the perspective of axiology, i.e. the science of values. Axiology allows us to consider the realities of the modern world from the perspective of not only external factors, circumstances and situations, but also of deep value foundations. Creativity has been studied quite deeply from the point of view of psychology: the special characteristics of a creative person, stages of the creative process, the relationship between creative and critical thinking, creativity and intelligence. Some psychologists emphasize motivation, creative skills, interdisciplinary knowledge, and the creative environment as the main components that contribute to the development of creativity. The authors of the article argue that values and value orientations towards cognition, creativity, self-realization and self-expression are the drivers of creativity. In a broad sense, values as a matrix of culture determine the attitude of society to creativity, to the development of creativity of the individual and the creative class, and to how economically successful a given society will be. Since innovation and entrepreneurship are embodied creativity. Thus, the study of creativity from the perspective of axiology combines the need for a deep study of this phenomenon and the subjective significance of creativity in the context of new realities


While debt has the capacity to sustain social relations by joining together the two parties of a debt relation, it also contains the risk of deteriorating into domination and bargaining. Throughout history, different understandings of debt have therefore gravitated between reciprocity and domination, making it a key concept for understanding the dynamics of both social cohesion and fragmentation. The book considers the social, spatial and temporal meanings of this ambiguity and relates them to contemporary debates over debts between North and South in Europe, which in turn are embedded in a longer global history of North-South relations. The individual chapters discuss how debts incurred in the past are mobilised in political debates in the present. This dynamic is highlighted with regard to regional and global North-South relations. An essential feature in debates on this topic is the difficult question of retribution and possible ways of “paying” – a term that is etymologically connected to “pacification” – for past injustice. Against this backdrop, the book combines a discussion of the multi-layered European and global North-South divide with an effort to retrieve alternatives to the dominant and divisive uses of debt for staking out claims against someone or something. Discovering new and forgotten ways of thinking about debt and North-South relations, the chapters are divided into four sections that focus on 1) debt and social theory, 2) Greece and Germany as Europe’s South and North, 3) the ‘South’ between the local, the regional and the global, and 4) debt and the politics of history.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Andrea Arango-Bernal

Objetivo: analizar los significados que construyen las madres de personas en condición de hemofilia, sobre ser portadoras de la enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque del interaccionismo simbólico que, a través de una etnografía particularista y el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones y revisión documental, rescató el punto de vista de 17 madres pertenecientes a la Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos que participaron de manera voluntaria y residen en diferentes municipios del departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Las participantes se reconocen a sí mismas como seres potenciales, es decir, no sólo como trasmisoras o cuidadoras de la enfermedad de sus hijos, sino como sujetos cognoscentes de su realidad dispuestas a reflexionar sobre sus aprendizajes e incorporarlos a favor de la relación consigo mismas y con los demás. Los significados más relevantes son: empezar a vivir con hemofilia, asumir la enfermedad, la familia, el cuidado y la crianza, la relación con los servicios de salud, caminando con algo que no se puede desprender y darse cuenta. Conclusiones: La salud colectiva es la posibilidad de tener un acercamiento más comprensivo al proceso salud – enfermedad – atención de los colectivos humanos, tomando en cuenta las condiciones económicas, sociales y culturales en las que estos se inscriben. La pregunta por los significados de estas madres develó el tejido de lo individual y lo colectivo, como un asunto que trasciende el plano biológico de la enfermedad y da cuenta de la construcción social en la que confluyen prácticas, saberes, imaginarios y sentimientos.Palabras Clave: Cuidadores, enfermedad crónica, hemofilia A, madresSignifi cance of being a hemophilia carrierAbstractObjective: Analyzing the meanings that mothers of people with hemophilia, build about being carriers of the disease. Materials and methods: Study based on the qualitative method supported by the approach of symbolic interaction, which through a particularistic ethnography, and the use of semi-structured interviews, observations and document review, rescued the point of view of 17 mothers belonging to the Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos. They participated voluntarily and reside in different municipalities of Antioquia. Results: The participants recognize themselves as potential beings, that is, not only as disseminators or carers of the illness of their children, but as cognocentes subject of their reality willing to reflect on their learning and incorporate them in favor of the relationship with herself and others. The most important meanings are: start living with hemophilia, assuming the disease, the family, the care and upbringing, relationships with health services, walking with something that can not be detached and realize. Conclusions: Collective health is the ability to have a more comprehensive approach to process health - disease - care of human groups, taking into account the economic, social and cultural conditions in which they are registered. The question of the meaning of these mothers, unveiled the tissue of the individual and the collective, as a matter that transcends the biological level of the disease and accounts for the social construction that blends practices, knowledge, imaginary and feelings.Key Words: Hemophilia A, chronic disease, mothers, caregivers. Significado de ser portadora de hemofiliaResumo                                   Objetivo: Analisar os significados construídos pelas mães de pessoas com hemofilia, sobre ser portadores da doença. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo com foco no interacionismo simbólico, que, através de uma etnografia individualista e o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações e revisão documental, resgatou o ponto de vista de 17 mães pertencentes à Liga Antioquia de Hemófilos que participaram voluntariamente e residem em diferentes municípios do departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Os participantes se reconhecem como seres potenciais, ou seja, não apenas como transmissores ou cuidadores da doença de seus filhos, mas como sujeitos cognitivos de sua realidade que estão dispostos a refletir sobre sua aprendizagem e a incorporá-los em favor do relacionamento com eles mesmos e com os outros. Os significados mais relevantes são: começar a viver com hemofilia, assumir a doença, família, cuidados e educação, relacionar-se com os serviços de saúde, caminhar com algo que você não pode separar e perceber. Conclusões: A saúde coletiva é a possibilidade de ter uma abordagem mais abrangente para o processo saúde-doença-cuidado de grupos humanos, levando em consideração as condições econômicas, sociais e culturais nas quais estão registradas. A questão dos significados dessas mães revela o tecido do indivíduo e o coletivo como um problema que transcende o plano biológico da doença e explica a construção social em que as práticas, o conhecimento, o imaginário e os sentimentos convergem.Palavras-Chave: Cuidadores, doenças crônicas, hemofilia A, mães  


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