KADAR KALIUM SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS RINGAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Abstract: Potassium is one of the three highest concentration electrolytes in sweat. This is defined as the greater the rate of sweat excreation is, the greater the rate of potassium lost will be. Lossing sweat may occur while doing physical activity. The purpose of this study is to find differences in serum potassium levels before and after light intensity exercise in the student year 2010 in Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Thirty students, taken by purposive sampling method, were participate as samples in this study. Results showed the mean serum potassium levels before exercise was 4,0933 mEq/L and after exercise was 4,3267 mEq/L. Analysis using paired-samples t-test showed significant result (p = 0,001). Based from results, it can be concluded that there is a significant different between serum potassium level before and after light intensity exercise. Key Words: Serum potassium, light intensity physical exercise, students Abstrak:Kalium adalah salah satu dari tiga elektrolit dalam keringat dengan konsentrasi terbesar. Hal ini berarti semakin besar laju pengeluaran keringat maka laju kehilangan kalium juga akan semakin besar. Kehilangan keringat dapat terjadi antara lain saat melakukan aktifitas fisik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas ringan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang yang diambil menggunakan metodepurposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kadar kalium serum sebelum aktifitas fisik adalah 4,0933 dan sesudah adalah 4,3267. Hasil analisis menggunakan paired-samples t-test menunjukkan nilai hasil yang signifikan (p = 0,001). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat ditarik kesimpulan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas ringan. Kata Kunci: Kadar kalium serum, latihan fisik intensitas ringan, mahasiswa

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Serum Potassium Concentration and Use of Ouabain in Experimental Tourniquet Shock

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.189.3.605 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 189 (3) ◽

pp. 605-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. F. Rosse ◽

A. L. Bennett ◽

A. R. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

Potassium Level ◽

Serum Potassium Level ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Mean Blood Pressure ◽

Serum Potassium Concentration ◽

Average Value ◽

Tourniquet Shock ◽

The Mean

Shock was induced in dogs by the release of tourniquets which had been applied to the hind legs for 5 hours. The serum potassium level was followed by spaced sampling. It was seen to rise slightly (from an average of 4.02 mEq/l. to an average of 4.66 mEq/l.) during the prerelease period. Five minutes after the release of the tourniquets, the level had risen to an average of 7.50 mEq/l. and thirty minutes after the release, it had risen to an average of 8.56 mEq/l. At the critical point in the progress of the syndrome (when the mean blood pressure was approximately 50 mm Hg) the average value was 8.46 mEq/l. Ouabain was administered and the level of serum potassium was seen to rise, attaining values as high as 14.67 mEq/l. in one case. The results and significance of these increased levels are briefly discussed as well as an animadversion upon the effects of ouabain on the mean blood pressure.

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PERBANDINGAN KADAR KALIUM DARAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AKTIVITAS FISIK INTENSITAS BERAT

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.3.3.2015.11878 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ronald J. Pokneangge ◽

Murniati . Tiho ◽

Yanti M. Mewo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Serum Potassium Level ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Physical Activities ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Before And After ◽

Paired T Test

Abstract: Physical activities include all body movements ranging from a small movement to a movement that involves several large muscles such as lifting the arms and legs. During a physical activity, the body temperature will increase, and as a compensatory mechanism, the body will sweat and release several kinds of electrolyte such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Potassium is a macronutrient that is widely available in the intracellular fluid (ICF). The normal value of serum potassium is 3.5-5.0 mmol/L. This study aimed to obtain the comparison of blood potassium levels of fourth year students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, before and after vigorous physical activities. This was an experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest design. There were 21 male students as respondents obtained by using the simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed by using the paired t-test. The physical activity conducted was playing futsal for 2x20 minutes with a break of 10 minutes in between. The results showed that the average of serum potassium level before doing the physical activity was 3.7 mmol/L, and the average of the serum potassium level after doing physical activity was 3.8 mmol/L. The paired t-test showed a p value of 0.061 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between serum potassium levels before and after vigorous physical activity, Keywords: potassium, physical activity, vigorous intensity Abstrak: Aktivitas fisik meliputi semua gerakan tubuh mulai dari gerakan kecil sampai gerakan yang melibatkan pergerakan beberapa otot besar seperti saat mengangkat lengan atau tungkai. Ketika melakukan aktivitas fisik, terjadi peningkatan suhu tubuh dan sebagai mekanisme kompensasinya tubuh akan mengeluarkan keringat dan beberapa jenis elektrolit misalnya magnesium, natrium dan kalium. Kalium merupakan salah satu makronutrien yang banyak terdapat dalam cairan intrasel (CIS). Nilai normal kalium serum yaitu 3,5-5,0 mmol/L. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar kalium darah sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik intensitas berat pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan tahun 2011. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Responden diperoleh menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Hasil pengukuran kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik intensitas berat dianalisis menggunakan uji paired t-test. Aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan yaitu bermain futsal selama 2x20 menit dengan diselingi istirahat selama 10 menit. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 21 responden (laki-laki) rerata kadar kalium serum sebelum melakukan latihan fisik 3,7 mmol/L, dan rerata kadar kalium serum sesudah melakukan latihan fisik 3,8 mmol/L. Uji paired t test menunjukkan nilai p=0,061 (p>0,05). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas berat.Kata kunci: kalium, aktivitas fisik, intensitas berat

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Extent of Fall in Serum Potassium by Medical Therapy in End Stage Renal Disease

10.53350/pjmhs211581871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1871-1873

Author(s):

Sadaf Sarwar ◽

Tahir Ullah Khan ◽

Atif Masood ◽

Faisal Amin Baig ◽

Arsalan Nawaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Potassium Level ◽

Serum Potassium Level ◽

The Mean ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Change In Mean

Aim: To observe the mean alteration in potassium levels one-hour post-antihyperkalemic treatment in end stage renal disease patients presenting with hyperkalemia. Study design: Quazi interventional (experimental) study. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from 28th June 2018 to 27th December 2018. Methodology: Sixty patients of both genders with age range between 14 to 70 years having stage 5 CKD (thrice-weekly dialysis dependent) for at least 6 months with raised serum potassium (>5.5 mEq/L). These patients were given medical treatment in the form of salbutamol nebulization, injectable calcium gluconate, and 100ml 25% dextrose water solution neutralized with Humulin R Insulin 12 units. Serum potassium was reassessed 1 hour after the treatment. Mean change in serum potassium was observed and was compared across various subgroups of patients. A written informed consent was taken from each patient. Results: In the current study, mean age of our studied population was 50.6±10.4 years with male-gender dominance (81.7%). Mean ESRD duration was 11.8±3.7 months while the mean BMI was 27.6±3.6Kg/m2. 15 (25.0%) patients were obese. The serum potassium level at presentation ranged from 5.6mEq/L to 6.9mEq/L with a mean of 6.25±0.39mEq/L. The serum potassium level 1 hour after medical treatment ranged from 4.8mEq/L to 6.3mEq/L with a mean of 5.58±0.43mEq/L. This change in mean serum potassium was significant (p-value<0.001) on paired sample t-test. The change in serum potassium level ranged from 0.5-0.9mEq/L with a mean of 0.676±0.123mEq/L. Similar mean change in serum potassium level was observed when stratified for age, gender, BMI and duration of ESRD. Keywords: End Stage Renal Disease, Hemodialysis, Hyperkalemia, Medical Treatment

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Pemanfaatan Video Kehamilan Berkualitas Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Di Masa Pandemic Covid 19

JURNAL KREATIVITAS PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT (PKM) ◽

10.33024/jkpm.v4i5.4192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1074-1080

Author(s):

Irfan Irfan ◽

Ririn Widyastuti ◽

Fitri Handayani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Community Service ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

T Test ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Knowledge Quality ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

ABSTRAK Ibu hamil lebih rentan terhadap morbiditas Covid 19 dikarenakan perubahan fisiologis dan imunologis selama masa kehamilan. Salah satu upaya asuhan pada masa pandemi covid untuk mencegah penularan dan penyebaran covid 19 adalah adalah dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil melalui promosi kesehatan tentang kehamilan berkualitas. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahun ibu hamil melalui pemberian video kehamilan berkualitas pada masa pandemic covid 19. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan, konseling informasi dan edukasi (KIE) kepada ibu hamil dengan menggunakan media video kehamilan berkualitas di Puskesmas Oepoi Kota Kupang. Analisis univariate disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Analisis bivariate dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t – test untuk mengetahui perbedaan sebelum dan setelah pemberian penyuluhan dan KIE pada ibu hamil. Hasil Pengabdian masyarakat adalah terjadi Peningkatan rerata pengetahuan ibu hamil sebelum perlakuan 64.25 dan setelah perlakuan meningkat menjadi 81.08. Hasil uji paired samples t-test menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang kehamilan berkualitas pada masa covid 19 (p < 0,05); Saran: perlu pengembangan telemedicine untuk memberikan asuhan pada masa kehamilan di masa pandemic covid 19. Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, Pengetahuan, Kehamilan berkualitas, Covid 19 ABSTRACK Pregnant women are more prone to Covid 19 morbidity due to physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy. One of the care efforts during the Covid pandemic to prevent the transmission and spread of Covid 19 is to increase the knowledge of pregnant women through health promotion about quality pregnancies. The aim of community service is to increase the knowledge of pregnant women by providing quality pregnancy videos during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementation of community service activities by giving counseling, information counseling, and education (IEC) to pregnant women using quality pregnancy video media at Oepoi Health Center, Kupang City. Univariate analysis is presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. Bivariate analysis using paired sample t-test to determine the differences before and after counseling and IEC for pregnant women. The result of community service was that there was an increase in the mean knowledge of pregnant women before treatment of 64.25 and after treatment increased to 81.08. The results of the paired samples t-test showed that there were significant differences in the knowledge of pregnant women about quality pregnancies during the Covid 19 period (p <0.05); Suggestion: it is necessary to develop telemedicine to provide care during pregnancy during the Covid pandemic 19. Keywords: Pregnant women, knowledge, quality pregnancy, Covid 19

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Digital Literacy Education for the Development of Digital Literacy

Information and Technology Literacy ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3417-4.ch056 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1082-1097

Author(s):

Seung-Hyun Lee

Keyword(s):

Digital Literacy ◽

Internet Use ◽

Literacy Education ◽

T Test ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Test Results ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Informal Setting ◽

The Mean

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of digital literacy education (DLE) on the development of digital literacy through a local digital technology community center, particularly for those with a lack of digital literacy. This study focuses on measuring significant differences between before and after digital literacy education through pre- and post-performance tests and surveys. This study also measures the relationships between the DLE and computer and Internet use. The mean comparison of the paired-samples t test results of this study shows an increase in the mean from pretest to posttest, implying the enhancement of digital literacy as a result of the education. The ultimate goal of the digital literacy education in this study is to provide people, who are the digitally illiterate, with learning and digital opportunities to improve their digital literacy through education in an informal setting and to facilitate digital connection and inclusion.

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Formaldehyde Levels in Fabrics on the Ghanaian Market

Current Materials Science ◽

10.2174/2666145415666211221115255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Patience Danquah Monnie ◽

Rachel Amanfu ◽

Modesta Efua Gavor

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Face Mask ◽

T Test ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Inferential Statistics ◽

Textile Production ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Production Processes ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Background: Formaldehyde is a chemical used in several textile production processes, such as hardening of fibers and antimold finishing. However, it has varying effects on humans, such as irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, wheezing, chest pains and bronchitis. In the midst of COVID-19, individuals are using various fabrics for face mask production, which may be containing levels of formaldehyde that can negatively affect their health. Methods: This study investigated formaldehyde levels in fabrics on the Ghanaian market to determine compliance to standards set by the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) with the aid of experimental procedures. Thirty-two (32) different brands of fabrics were selected for the investigation. Formaldehyde levels were determined using a spectrophotometer (DR6000). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) for Windows version 22. The mean performance attributes and the formaldehyde levels of the sampled fabrics were determined before and after washing. Inferential statistics (Analysis of Variance and Paired Samples t-test) at 0.05 alpha levels were used to determine significant differences between and among the groups involved. Results: The fabric samples tested positive for formaldehyde before and after washing, with some exceeding the standard limits set by the GSA before washing. Significant differences existed between and among the samples with regard to formaldehyde levels as well as weight and weave types of the samples and formaldehyde levels. Conclusion: Washing significantly reduced the formaldehyde levels in the fabrics. It is recommended that Ghana standards authority takes a further look at the fabrics on the Ghanaian market to ensure manufacturers comply with set standards and consumers are also advised to wash their clothes at least once before use to reduce the level of impact formaldehyde resin may have on them.

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THE INFLUENCE OF TOP-DOWN STRATEGY (TDS) ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION

EXPOSURE JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS ◽

10.26618/exposure.v7i1.1346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Dwi Darsa Prasetyo ◽

Ummi Khaerati Syam ◽

Saiful Saiful ◽

Ismail Sangkala

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Main Idea ◽

T Test ◽

Top Down ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean

This research aimed to find out the influence of Top-Down Strategy (TDS) on students reading comprehension that focus on level of literal and interpretative of comprehension. The researcher applied pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test. The sample of this research was class XI MIA 2 of SMA Negeri 10 GOWA which consisted of 30 students. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling method. The result of the research were the mean score of pretest in Literal (main Idea) score of pretest was 58.6 and post-test was 86.56. In sequence of detail the score of pretest was 56.4 and post-test was 92.6 with t-test value Literal is greater than t-table (13.26 > 2.45). Mean score of intrepretative in pretest was 63.63 and post-test was 82 with the t-test value is greater that t-table (8.34 >2.45). The result of calculating t-test of the indicators in the students’-test (Literal and Interpretative) was greater than t-table 21.60 > 2.45. it means that there was significance different between before and after giving the treatment. Based on explanation above we concluded that using Top-Down Strategy is influence and improve students reading comprehension especially in literal and interpretative levels.

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