scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) TERHADAP CACING GELANG (Ascaris lumbricoides) SECARA IN VITRO

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Priskila Feicy Sumual ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi ◽  
Julianri Sari Lebang
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRACTGreen betel leaves are one of the native plants in Indonesia which are widespread in Manado, North Sulawesi. In green betel leaves plants, there are tannin compounds that can inhibit enzymes and interfere with the digestive metabolic processes of worms which can cause the death of worms. This study aims to determine the effect of green betel leaves ethanol extract on Ascaris lumbricoides worms. This research is a laboratory experiment with The post-test only with controlled group design. The tests used the betel leaves ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% respectively. Worms was observed for 12 hours with intervals of 3 hours. The number of worm deaths was recorded every 3 hours and further, it was analysed with using the Kruskal Wallis test and it was continued with using the Mann Whitney test. Result showed that extract at concentration of 5% the number of worm deaths was 4 worms, a concentration of 10% was 7 worms, and at a concentration of 15% 9 worms. The statistical results showed that there was no significant difference between the number of worm deaths in the treatment group and negative control at p <0.05. The concentrations of 10 and 15 showed no significant difference with the positive control. It can be concluded that concentrations of 10% and 15% have the same anthelmintic activity but the best concentration is at a concentration of 10%. Keywords: Anthelmintic, Piper betle L., Ascaris lumbricoides   ABSTRAKDaun sirih hijau merupakan salah satu tanaman asli di Indonesia yang tersebar luas di kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Pada tumbuhan daun sirih hijau terdapat senyawa tanin yang mampu menghambat kerja enzim dan mengganggu proses metabolisme pencernaan pada cacing yang dapat menyebabkan kematian cacing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau terhadap cacing Ascaris lumbricoides. Penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan penelitian The post-test only with controlled group design. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Aktivitas cacing diamati selama 12 jam dengan interval waktu 3 jam. Jumlah cacing yang mati dicatat setiap 3 jam dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 5% jumlah kematian cacing sebanyak 4 ekor, konsentrasi 10% sebanyak 7 ekor dan pada konsentrasi 15% sebanyak 9 ekor. Hasil statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara jumlah kematian cacing pada kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol negatif pada p<0.05. Konsentrasi 10 dan 15 menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dengan kontrol positif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 10% dan 15% memiliki aktivitas antelmintik yang sama namun konsentrasi yang paling baik terdapat pada konsentrasi 10%. Kata kunci: Antelmintik, Piper betle L., Ascaris lumbricoides

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antelmintik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schott) Secara In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 090-094
Author(s):  
Masfria Masfria ◽  
Syaiful Amri Lubis ◽  
Lenny Lenny
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Pyrantel Pamoate ◽  
Parasitic Worm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Kecacingan merupakan permasalahan kesehatan di dunia. Munculnya strain cacing parasit yang resisten terhadap antelmintik menyebabkan pengobatan kecacingan menjadi sulit. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengujian sumber antelmintik baru. Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui skrining simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.)Schoot).Ekstrak didapatkan dengan mengekstraksi serbuk simplisia daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) dengan etanol 80% secara maserasi. Uji aktivitas antelmintik menggunakan cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Pirantel pamoat dengan konsentrasi 20 mg/mL digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga ditentukan berdasarkan waktu paralisis dan lisis Pheretima hupiensis. Hasil pengujian serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata(L.) Schoot) memiliki aktivitas antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis pada konsentrasi 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL mampu membunuh cacing dengan waktu berturut-turut adalah 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 menit. Kelompok kontrol positif (pirantel pamoat) memiliki waktu kematian 107,64 menit sedangkan control negatif memberikan hasil negatif. Analisis statistika waktu kematian cacing dengan uji Tukey menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan dengan nilai p<0,05. Ekstrak etanol daun ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) mempunyai daya antelmintik terhadap cacing Pheretima hupiensis. Aktivitas antelmintik meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak ethanol daun ekor naga.   Worms are a health problem in the world. The emergence of parasitic worm strains that are resistant to anthelmintics makes worm treatment difficult. Therefore it is necessary to find new anthelmintic agent. This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical screening pf dried powder materialand extract as well as the antelmintic activity of ethanol extract of ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot). The extract was obtained by maceration of dried powder of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves using ethanol 80%. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Pheretima Hupiensis. Pyrantel pamoate with a concentration of 20 mg/mL was used as a positive control. The anthelmintic activity of Ekor Naga leaves ethanol extract was performed based on time of paralysis and lyse of Pheretima Hupiensis. The phytochemical screening of dried powder material and extract of Ekor naga leaves ethanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroid/triterpenoid. The ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) displayed the anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis with concentrations of 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg/mL that were able to destroy worms within 29,22; 46,80; 63,69; 82,66; 131,28 minutes, respectively. Positive control (pyrantel pamoate) induced worm mortality in 107,64 minutes meanwhile negative control did not induce mortality. Statistical analysis of worm mortality time by post hoc Tukey showed that there was a significant difference with p<0,05. Ethanol extract of Ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.) Schoot) leaves demonstrated anthelmintic activity on Pheretima Hupiensis. Anthelmintic activity increased with increasing concentrations of ethanol extract of Ekor naga leaves

scholarly journals Hemostatic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Piper betle, Linn Leaves to Male Mice

Molekul ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sadakata Sinulingga ◽  
Subandrate Subandrate ◽  
Bebbi Arisya Kesumaputri ◽  
Galuh Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Hemostatic Effect

Hemorrhage occurs in most of the dental care. Untreated hemorrhage could cause excessive blood loss, hypotension, and cyanosis. A Natural resource that reported has an hemostatic effect is ethanol extract of betel leaves (Piper betel, Linn).The aim of this study is to find the minimum concentration of ethanol extract of betel leaves which capable of shortening the bleeding time in mice. The experimental study used pretest-posttest with control group design was conducted on 35 mice that divided into 7 group which are negative control, positive control (feracrylum 1%), the ethanol extract of betel leaves 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. All mice were injected heparin intravenously. Mice’s tail was cut at diameter 3 mm and pretest bleeding time was counted. Mice’s tail was recut at diameter 4 mm, given treatment for 5 seconds and posttest bleeding time was counted. Results of paired t-test showed that reduction of bleeding time between pretest and posttest was significant (p<0,050). The enhancement of ethanol extract of betel leaves concentration leads to better hemostatic effect. Results of ANOVA test showed that comparison of posttest bleeding time among groups was significant (p<0,050). The minimum concentration of ethanol extract of betel leaves which capable of shortening the bleeding time in mice is 5%.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS BIOLARVASIDA EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH LAMPESU (Baccaurea lanceolata) TERHADAP LARVA INSTAR III Culex quinquefasciatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dea Alfani Nandjan
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Infection Disease

Filariasis is chronic infection disease caused by worm and carried by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. One of theways to controlling mosquitoes vectors are use biolarvacide or chemical insecticide. Chemical insecticide causingresistance Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and toxic for human. This research aim to determine the biolarvacideeffectiviteness of ethanol extract lampesu fruit (Baccaurea lanceolata) to Culex quinquefasciatus larvae instars III.This study was true experimental with a Post test-only control group design. This study used 700 larvae instars III ofCulex quinquefasciatus divided into 7 groups consentration of 0,2%, 0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8% and 1%, the positive control(abate) and negative control (aquadest). The observation was did after treatment in 3 hours, 6 hours, 12  hours and 24hours. The experiment is replicated four times. At 24 hours exposure concentration of 0,6% the test larvae mortalityreached 38% and at concentration of 1% the test larvae mortality reached 30%. In this stuy the concentration of1,531 % was effective to kill larvae with of 50% mortality(LC50) and concentration of 10,729 % was effective to killlarvae with of 90% mortality(LC90). Ethanol Ekstract of Lampesu Fruit (Baccaurea lanceolata) not effective asbiolarvacide ofCulex quinquefasciatus larvae instars III.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian klorofilin berbagai dosis terhadap indeks fagositosis makrofag dan kadar nitric oxide mencit BALB/c yang diinfeksi dengan Salmonella typhimurium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Puspito Arum ◽  
Lisyani B Suromo ◽  
Niken Puruhita
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Phagocytosis Index ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Immune responses to eliminate Salmonella infection are by activating macrophage and by producing NO. Chlorophyllin is a chlorophyll derivate that has immunomodulator properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to prove effect of chlorophyllin in macrophage phagocytosis index and NO level. Methods: A post test only controlled group design was conducted in 5 groups Balb/c mice (negative control, positive control, dosage 100 µg/200 g BW, dosage 200 µg/200 g BW and dosage 380 µg/200 g BW). Macrophage phagocytosis index was measured by counting cells that phagocyte latexs particles. NO level was measured by Griess method. Macrophage phagocytosis index difference was analyzed by one way anova and NO level deference was analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis test (α 0,05).Results: Means of macrophage phagocytosis index were 0,7(±0,80), 1,8(±0,80), 2(±0,22), 2,5(±0,43) and 3,2(±0,68) respectively in negative control, positive control, chlorophyllin dosage 100 µg/g BW/day, 200 µg/g BW/day and 380 µg/g BW/day. There was a significant difference of macrophage phagocytosis index between group (p 0,000). Mean of NO level were 0,4 µM(±0,10), 0,6 µM(±0,60), 0,8 µM(±0,64), 0,6 µM(±0,67) and 0,4 µM(±0,26) respectively in negative control, positive control, chlorophyllin dosage 100 µg/g BW/day, 200 µg/g BW/day and 380 µg/g BW/day. There was no difference of  NO level between group (p 0,813).Conclusion: There was a significant difference of macrophage phagocytosis index between chlorophyllin administered group and control. The higher chlorophyllin dosage, the higher macrophage phagocytosis index. Therewas no difference of  NO level between chlorophyllin administered group and control.

scholarly journals Potential of Cocoa Ethanol Extract Toward Nematocyst Tubul Firing Inhibition of Physalia Utriculus Toxin In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sarwendah Siswi Winasis ◽  
Al Munawir ◽  
Adelia Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Post Test

There was estimated 150 million envenomation cases due to jellyfish stings occur globally every year. 100 from 10,000 jellyfish species in the world known to be dangerous, one them is Physalia utriculus. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) ethanol extract toward nematocyst tubul firing inhibition of jellyfish (Physalia utriculus) toxin in vitro. The method was true experimental design with post test only control group design. The study divided into 8 groups: 1 normal control, 1 positive control, 1 negative control, and 5 treatments grups by giving cocoa ethanol extract with concentration 20%, 2%, 0.2%, 0.02%, 0.002%. The observation was made by calculating the percentage number of firing nematocysts. The result showed average percentage of firing nematocyst in the normal control group was 42.50 ± 3.18, positive control group was 37.97 ± 5.57, negative control group was 52.44 ± 2.98, and treatment group which given with cocoa ethanol extract 20%, 2%, 0.2%, 0.02%, 0.002% were 48.24 ± 5.37; 40.62 ± 7.10; 29.45 ± 5.39; 37.60 ± 9.78; 41.11 ± 3.92, respectively. The One Way Annova statistical results test show significance value 0.001 (p≤0.05). The conclusion of this study was the cocoa ethanol extract with concentration 0.2% has most potential to inhibit the jellyfish (P. utriculus) nematocyst tubule firing in vitro. Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cocoa, toxin, jellyfish

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

Evaluating Dentin Surface Treatments for Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Imbery ◽  
A Namboodiri ◽  
A Duncan ◽  
R Amos ◽  
AM Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Band Matrices ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY This in vitro study evaluated the effect of six surface treatments on the shear bond strength of three resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) to dentin. Occlusal surfaces of caries-free third molars were reduced to expose only dentin. Surface treatments were smear layer intact (negative control), Cavity Conditioner, EDTA, Ketac Primer, Self Conditioner, and etching with 35% phosphoric acid followed by the application of Optibond Solo Plus. Filtek Z250 composite resin bonded with Optibond Solo Plus served as a positive control. Conditioning agents were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. After surface treatments, Fuji II LC, Riva LC, Ketac Nano, and Filtek Z250 were placed in copper-band matrices 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height and were light-cured for 20 seconds. Specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours, after which they were placed in deionized water for 24 hours at 37°C. They were then tested under shear forces in an Instron Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference statistical analyses (p&lt;0.05) indicated significant interaction between RMGIs and conditioning agents. Acid etching followed by Optibond Solo Plus provided highest bond strengths for all three RMGIs, which were not statistically different from the positive control.

Effect of Different Intermediary Bases on Microleakage of a Restorative Material in Class II Box Cavities of Primary Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faika Y. Abdelmegid ◽  
Fouad S. Salama ◽  
Waleed M. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Saud K. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Sultan O. Baghazal
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. Methods Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. Results There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.

scholarly journals Cleaved CD31 as a target for in vivo molecular imaging of inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vigne ◽  
Sylvie Bay ◽  
Rachida Aid-Launais ◽  
Guillaume Pariscoat ◽  
Guillaume Rucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThere is a need for new targets to specifically localize inflammatory foci, usable in a wide range of organs. Here, we hypothesized that the cleaved molecular form of CD31 is a suitable target for molecular imaging of inflammation. We evaluated a bioconjugate of D-P8RI, a synthetic peptide that binds all cells with cleaved CD31, in an experimental rat model of sterile acute inflammation. Male Wistar rats were injected with turpentine oil into the gastrocnemius muscle two days before 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI (or its analogue with L-Proline) SPECT/CT or [18F]FDG PET/MRI. Biodistribution, stability study, histology, imaging and autoradiography of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI were further performed. Biodistribution studies revealed rapid elimination of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI through renal excretion with almost no uptake from most organs and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability were observed. SPECT/CT imaging showed a significant higher 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake compared with its analogue with L-Proline (negative control) and no significant difference compared with [18F]FDG (positive control). Moreover, autoradiography and histology revealed a co-localization between 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake and inflammatory cell infiltration. 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI constitutes a new tool for the detection and localization of inflammatory sites. Our work suggests that targeting cleaved CD31 is an attractive strategy for the specific in vivo imaging of inflammatory processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document