scholarly journals Analytical Instrumentation Techniques of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX for Adsorption Methods of Ni2+ Ions onto Low Cost Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1328
Author(s):  
Ajithkumar M ◽  
Arivoli S
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Treated Carbon

The present study investigates the possible removal of Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by using low-cost Hygrophila auriculata activated nano carbon (HA-ANC) as an adsorbent. The activated nano carbon had been prepared from Hygrophila auriculata stem waste as well; the raw material was carbonized with con. H2SO4 and activated by thermal action. Batch experiments were performed in order to calculate the percentage removal of Ni2+ ions for 90.737% at 60 oC. The properties of treated carbon and untreated carbon are compared using instrumental techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX, which confirms Ni2+ ions adsorption onto HA-ANC. FT-IR showed that the surface of HA-ANC had more oxygen containing functional groups which enhanced the adsorption of Ni2+. XRD showed the nature of adsorbent, SEM images implies morphological deviance of before and after adsorption of Ni2+ onto HA-ANC and EDX showed that the C content of HA-ANC were higher than that of Ni2+/ HA-ANC.

scholarly journals Synthesis Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite by coprecipition-ultrasonication method and advances in hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 483-501
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Huong ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Son ◽  
Vo Hoang Phuong ◽  
Cong Tien Dung ◽  
Pham Thi Mai Huong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Order Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Equations

The Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite was synthesized by the coprecipitation-ultrasonication method. The reaction was carried out under a inert gas environment. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques (VSM), the surface area of the nanoparticles was determined to be 77.92 m2/g by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The kinetic data showed that the adsorption process fitted with the pseudo-second order model. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(VI) by Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite. The adsorption process was found to be highly pH-dependent, which made the material selectively adsorb these metals from aqueous solution. The isotherms of adsorption were also studied using Langmuir and Freundlich equations in linear forms. It is found that the Langmuir equation showed better linear correlation with the experimental data than the Freundlich. The thermodynamics of Cr(VI) adsorption onto the Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite indicated that the adsorption was exothermic. The reusability study has proven that Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite can be employed as a low-cost and easy to separate.

scholarly journals Synthesis of iron phosphate-SAPO-34 composite and its application as effective absorbent for wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Ying Cao ◽  
Lianmei Wei ◽  
Xianzhen Song ◽  
Xixi Yan ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Ft Ir

High-purity FePO4 was purified from iron-based phosphating slag as raw material, and FePO4@SAPO-34 was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization method under the action of templating agent-diethylamine. The synth esized FePO4@SAPO-34 samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SE M) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of different crystallization time on the morpholo gy and crystallization of FePO4@SAPO-34 crystals were investigated. The removal of heavy metal ion wastewater by low-cost FePO4@SAPO-34 was investigated. The experimental results show that when the reaction time is 180 °C an d the reaction time is 72h, the crystallization of FePO4@SAPO-34 is the best. When the dosage is 0.6g, the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions is the highest.

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyethylene Carrying Bags Before and After Isothermal Oxidative Aging in an Oven

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-548
Author(s):  
Malik Jehanzeb Khurram ◽  
Musa Kaleem Baloch ◽  
Leonardo C. Simon ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Cun-Yueguo Cun-Yueguo
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

Utility of polymeric material is a major contribution to the production of waste, particularly in Pakistan. An easy escape to it is the damping in the land which is not commendable for an environmental point of view. On the other hand, the aging of polymer is analogous to its burial conditions under the soil in the absence of light. Therefore, in this research report, two different brands of polyethylene carrying bags were investigated. One sample was obtained from Pakistan abbreviated as sample `Y` while the other from Canada abbreviated as `E`. In order to accelerate the degradation process and to observe the impact of aging in a shorter span of time, these samples were heated at an elevated temperature (80�C) in an oven for the period of 20 days. The samples were characterized before and after aging with an interval of 2 days by applying different techniques like FT-IR, SEM, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Carbonyl peak at 1715 cm-1 was observed only in the case of sample `E` displaying carbonyl index value as 28.45 % after 20 days of aging. The SEM images before and after aging revealed that the degradation took place at preferential sites in case of sample `Y` and at numerous sites in case of sample `E`. The results of percent crystallinity obtained by DSC showed an increasing pattern with aging for both the samples and was high in case of sample `E.` The activation energy determined by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa showed a decreasing pattern for both the samples with aging. It concluded that the thermal aging initiates the process of degradation which was then accelerated by heating in TGA oven. The order of reaction was slightly decreased after aging for both the samples and was found to be independent of the heating rate.

THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHATE INTERCALATED Mg/Al-LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 3226-3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIHIRO SHIMAMURA ◽  
MASASHI KURASHINA ◽  
EIJI KANEZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The thermal behavior of Mg and Al layered double hydroxide with interlayer hydrogen phosphate (abb. as Mg / Al - HPO 4- LDH ) is investigated below 1273 K by means of XRD, TG-DTA, SEM and FT-IR. The basal spacing of Mg / Al - HPO 4- LDH decreases with increasing heating temperature stepwise in two stages; from 1.07 nm at 293 K to 0.85 nm at 333 K in the first stage and to 0.73 nm between 373 K and 443 K in the second one. The LDH becomes amorphous above 443 K until Mg 3 ( PO 4)2, MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 (spinel) appear at 1273 K. SEM images of the LDH show plate-like crystallites both before and after heating at 473 K.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Potassium Hydroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bhadra Prasad Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with Potassium hydroxide at 400°C. The AC was characterized by pH, moisture content, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I2) number. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of AC. SEM images show the highly porous characteristics of AC with full of cavities. The Iodine number of AC revealed that the AC was found to be highly micro-porous. The adsorption of methylene blue by prepared AC was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity 158 mg/g. The analysis showed that the AC prepared from Lapsi seed stone activated with potassium hydroxide could be a low-cost adsorbent with favorable surface properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10673Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 79–88

Performance of Activated Carbon Made from Gigantochloa verticillata Bamboo for Biogas Purification

2020 ◽  
Vol 1013 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
I Putu Hari Wangsa ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽  
I Wayan Surata
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biogas Purification

Biogas is known to contain mainly methane (CH4), and other gas impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Biogas should be purified to remove gas impurities prior to be used as a fuel. Activated carbon is a famous biogas purifier. Commercial activated carbons are found expensive due to high cost during production. New routes for low cost production of activated carbon are still in progress. Many natural sources were explored for production of low cost and good quality activated carbon. One of the natural sources of raw material of activated carbon is bamboo. The bamboo from species of Gigantochloa verticillata from the tropical source of Indonesia was prepared for this purpose. The bamboo was cut from the tree, dried under the sun and cut to small pieces. The dried small pieces of bamboo cut were carbonized at 700 °C for 1.5 hours in air-tight chamber made from steel. The sample then was crushed and screen in 3 different particle sizes, namely: 150-250 mesh, 250-350 mesh and 350-450 mesh. About 100 gram of carbonized bamboo from these three variations were activated at 750°C for 1 hour in around 5100 cm3 steel chamber with nitrogen gas (N2) was flowed with rate 350 ml/minute. The result of activated carbon were analyzed by using TGA (thermo gravimetric analyses) for moisture, volatile, ash and fixed carbon composition test. The activated carbon then was set in acrylic tube for biogas purification. Around 200 liters of raw biogas were collected in PVC bag. The biogas was flowed with flow rate 500 mL/minute. The biogas composition before and after passing the activated carbon was measured in three time repetitions. The results indicate that the activated carbon made from Gigantochloa verticillata bamboo developed in this work is promising biogas purifier.

Characterization and Properties of Antheraea pernyi Silk Finished with Reactive Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Lu ◽  
De Hong Cheng ◽  
Zhao Dan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Silk Fiber ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chitosan Derivative ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

In order to obtain a water soluble and reactive chitosan derivative, quaternary ammonium salt groups and acrylamidomethyl groups were introduced to chitosan by two steps. The chitosan derivative, reactive quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan, was then applied to Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk by padding and curing method. FT-IR, XRD and SEM were used to characterize the structure of A. pernyi silk before and after treatment. The peak in FT-IR spectra at 1480 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1 revealed the crosslinking reactions of A. pernyi silk fibroin and reactive quaternized chitosan. The XRD results indicated the crystallinity of the treated silk fiber increase a little in comparison with the untreated ones. SEM images clearly showed the reactive quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan attached on the surface of the treated A. pernyi silk fiber, while the surface of the untreated sample was relatively smooth. The thermal stability of the treated silk fiber was enhanced compared to the untreated one by DSC analysis. It was also found that the antibacterial activity of the treated A. pernyi silk fabric against E. coli was more than 99%.

scholarly journals A novel method for extraction, quantification, and identification of microplastics in CreamType of cosmetic products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyun Lee ◽  
Tai Gyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nile Red ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop an accessible and accurate analysis method for microplastics that have been unintentionally added to cream cosmetic products. An experiment was performed on three cleansing creams in rich and viscous formulations. A spiked sample was prepared by adding polyethylene (PE) microspheres to the cleansing creams. After removing cosmetic ingredients from the creams using chemical digestion, damage to the PE microspheres was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were obtained before and after digestion and used to characterize the morphology of the PE microspheres. The highest digestion efficiency was obtained using a chemical digestion method consisting of heating and stirring a sample in a 10 wt% KOH solution at 55 °C and 300 rpm for 5 days and did not damage the PE microspheres. The Nile red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) staining method was effective in identifying small microplastics (< 106 μm). The optimal staining conditions are 5 μg/ml Nile red in n-hexane for green wavelengths.

scholarly journals Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic studies on the removal of Cr(VI) by activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp seed shell

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thamilarasu ◽  
G. Kumar ◽  
R. Tamilarasan ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
K. Karunakaran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Thermodynamic Studies ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Kinetic Equilibrium

Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic studies on the removal of Cr(VI) by activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp seed shell This paper presents the feasibility of the removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions by using activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp. It was carbonized and activated by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid followed by heating for 5 h at 500°C. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial concentration of the adsorbate, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The experimental data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were calculated, which indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorbent used in this study was characterized by FT-IR and SEM before and after the adsorption of metal ions. The results indicate that Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp can be employed as a low cost alternative and commercial adsorbents in the removal of chromium (VI) from water and waste water.

Effect of Partial Oxidation Rubber on Hydrophilicity of Cement Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Chi Yao Chen ◽  
Tzu Hou Wang ◽  
Maw Tien Lee
Keyword(s):  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of partially oxidized rubber powder on cement hydration. The experiment first pulverized the rubber and then put it into a reactor with a low oxygen concentration for partial oxidation. The surface functional groups of the rubber particles before and after the reaction were observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The area integral ratio of S-O to C-H3 in the FT-IR spectrum was used as the indicator of partial oxidation results. Finally, the rubber particle after the reaction was added to cement to prepare a cement paste, and its effect on the hydration reaction of the cement was observed by FT-IR, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM). SEM images also showed that such sample had very dense C-S-H structure. It confirmed that this composite had the hydrophobic property by observing the contact angle of water droplets on this composite surface.

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