Analysis of Chemical Composition by GC-MS and in-vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaves Collected from Erbil, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
Subasini Uthirapathy ◽  
Esra T. Anwer ◽  
Muath Sh. Mohammed Ameen ◽  
Faiq H.S. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Ic50 Values

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an important medicinal plant that is traditionally known for its insecticidal, and antimicrobial properties. Objective: The objective of present study was to evaluate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity and characterize the chemical constituents of Neem extract. Materials and Methods: The chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract of the Neem leaves was determined by GC-MS and the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of Neem extract was evaluated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Neem yielded 49 chemical compounds and these constituents amounting to 97.07% of total Neem leaf extract composition. The major chemical components of the Neem were octadecanoic acid (7.17%), propyl tetracosyl ether (5.35%), 1-decanol, 2-octyl (5.01%), hexadecane (4.70%), tricosane (4.73%), octadecane, 1-chloro (4.65%), and linolenic acid (4.35%). The Neem extract produces dose dependent-inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes ranging from 21.67±2.81 to 75.82±3.44% and 17.04±4.43 to 58.44±1.21% for concentration 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 165.53±2.75 and 91.04±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the α-amylase enzyme. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 210.08±2.16 and 120.05±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that Neem may be used as drug candidate in the management of post prandial hyperglycemia.

Chemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethyl acetate extract obtained from Cytisus triflorus l’Her

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassila Benabderrahmane ◽  
Amel Amrani ◽  
Ouahiba Benaissa ◽  
Marta Lores ◽  
J. Pablo Lamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Antidiabetic Activity of Essential Oils from Pelargonium graveolens Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
Subasini Uthirapathy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens

Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) is a source of the finest quality of fragrance and its essential oils are used as antibacterial, and antifungal agents. The aim of the current research is to determine chemical constituents in the essential oil of P. graveolens by GC-MS and evaluate its antidiabetic activity via α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The chemical composition of P. graveolens essential oil was determined by GC/MS and its antidiabetic activity was assessed through inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme in in-vitro models. GC-MS analysis determines 36 chemical components in the essential oil of P. graveolens leaves, and citronellyl isovalerate (10.41 %), menthol (9.61 %), linalool (8.63 %), p-menthone (6.31 %), and geranyl tiglate (4.99 %) were recorded as major constituents. The essential oil of P. graveolens leaves showed concentration dependant inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme ranging from 28.13±1.41 to 74.24±2.53 µg/mL for concentration ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The IC50 values for of P. graveolens and acarbose were found as 93.72±4.76 and 80.4±2.17 µg/mL, respectively against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The study finding explores the chemical components of P. graveolens growing in the Iraqi Kurdistan region and scientifically supported its possible use in diabetic patients for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

In Vitro Screening for Cytotoxic, Anti-bacterial, Anti-HIV1-RT Activities and Chemical Constituents of Croton fluviatilis, Croton acutifolius, and Croton thorelii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charina Worarat ◽  
Wilart Pompimon ◽  
Phansuang Udomputtimekakul ◽  
Sukee Sukdee ◽  
Punchavee Sombutsiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Background: Although the chemical constituents and biological activities of a large number of plants in the Croton genus have been studied, there are still recently discovered plants to be investigated. Objective: 1. To investigate the anti-bacterial, anti-HIV1-RT, and cytotoxicity activities of crude extracts from these plants. 2. To investigate the chemical constituents of Croton fluviatilis, Croton acutifolius, and Croton thorelii. Method: The anti-bacterial, anti-HIV1-RT, and cytotoxicity of the three plants were evaluated by standard techniques. Extraction, separation, and purification of extracts from the three plants were undertaken. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of C. fluviatilis showed low anti-bacterial activity against E. aerogenes, E. coli 0157: H7, and P. mirabilis, together with the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius displayed low anti-bacterial activity against E. aerogenes, while all the crude extracts of C. thorelii were inactive. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. thorelii, and C. fluviatilis showed strong inhibited HIV1-RT, whereas the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius, and the hexane extract of C. fluviatilis displayed moderate inhibited HIV1-RT. Cytotoxic properties of three Croton plants were specific to KKU-M213, MDA-MB-231, A-549, and MMNK-1. Especially, the ethyl acetate extract of C. acutifolius exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231, A-549, and MMNK-1. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract of C. thorelii showed high cytotoxic activities against KKU-M213, and MDA-MB-231. Compounds 1, and 4 were found in C. fluviatilis. Compounds 2 and 4 were also found in C. acutifolius. Moreover, compound 3 was only found in C. thorelii. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the three Croton species are good sources of flavonoid compounds and further investigation of the chemical constituents from these plants may prove to be fruitful to discover more active compounds to be tested as potential medicines.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Potential of Philodendron Bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Scapinello ◽  
Monica S. Z. Schindler ◽  
Leila Zanatta ◽  
Laura Cassol Mohr ◽  
Ana Paula Capelezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
South American ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Popular Medicine

Many of the species used in popular medicine do not have their biological activities already proven by scientific studies. Among these species, the endemic South American Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl deserves special attention since it is already in use in popular medicine for inflammation cases, such as erysipelas, orchitis and ulcers. This study evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities of extracts of the hastes de P. bipinnatifidum. The ethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate extract resulted in high antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes. The most significant biological activity of ethyl acetate extract relates to its chemical composition when compared with ethanolic extract, which showed the highest concentration of bioactive compounds. In vitro antidiabetic activity was only evaluated for ethyl acetate extract, resulting in inhibition of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrase) at concentration of 500 μg/mL.

scholarly journals An endophytic Schizophyllum commune Fr. exhibits in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Sharma ◽  
Rajvir Kaur ◽  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Saweta Garg ◽  
Rajbir Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

AbstractThe present study aimed at isolation of endophytic basidiomycetous fungi and evaluation of their in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic potential. Preliminary screening for in-vitro activity was carried out using α-glucosidase inhibition assay. An endophytic isolate Sch1 (isolated from Aloe vera), identified to be Schizophyllum commune Fr. on molecular basis, exhibiting more than 90% α-glucosidase inhibitiory activity was selected for further studies. Detailed in-vivo investigations for antidiabetic potential of ethyl acetate extract of S. commune (Sch1), at two different doses, were carried out in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with S. commune extract caused significant decrease in blood glucose level and increase in body weight after 14 days experimental period. It significantly restored renal parameters including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fractional excretion of sodium, and potassium level in diabetic rats. Improvement in lipid profile and level of antioxidant parameters viz. reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and superoxide anion generation was also observed after treatment. Liver enzymes (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase) homeostasis was found to be markedly improved in diabetic rats administered with S. commune extract. The effects were more pronounced at higher concentration and comparable to acarbose which was used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolics and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate extract. This is the first report highlighting the therapeutic potential of an endophytic S. commune in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Two new compounds from leaves of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume with the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Thi Le Nguyen ◽  
Tung Thanh Bui ◽  
Phung Kim Phi Nguyen ◽  
Chi Minh Tran ◽  
Tu Dang Cam Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: Bruguiera cylindrica is one of the mangrove plants belonging to Bruguiera genus. This genus is characterized by the presence of a large number of compounds, but the research on bioactivities has not been investigated so far. In the present research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, as well as chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of this plant, were studied. Methods: The chemical structures of two new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and computational methods. Results: Two new compounds, benzobrugierol (1) and bruguierine (2), were isolated from leaves of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume, together with nine known ones, including lupeol (3), betulin (4), chrysoeriol (5), glut-5-ene-3-ol (6), cholesta-4-ene-3-one (7), 3α-(Z)-coumaroyllupeol (8), 3α-(E)-coumaroyllupeol (9), 3β-hydroxycholesta-5-ene-7-one (10) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Extracts and some isolated compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the extracts and tested compounds exhibited activities better than the positive control acarbose, especially two new compounds 1 and 2 with their IC50 values of 17.9 ± 0.4 and 34.6 ± 0.7 (mg/mL), respectively.

scholarly journals IN VITRO SCREENING FOR ANTICHOLINESTERASE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF GARCINIA ATROVIRIDIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Chitra V ◽  
Narayanan J
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Objective: Garcinia atroviridis belongs to the family Clusiaceae. The whole plant was dried, extracted to obtain a xanthone-rich extract. Phytochemical studies of extract showed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, steroids, resins, and saponins. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the most common form of dementia, a brain disorder which has been affecting the elderly. The natural sources such as plants are an abundant source having various medicinal properties.Methods: In the present study, G. atroviridis has been selected to test for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity by Ellman’s method. The antioxidant activity has been performed by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay.Results: The results showed that the extract from G. atroviridis could inhibit the activity of AchE and BuChE. The percentage inhibition of the ethanolic extract for AChE was found to be 69.4%, and ethyl acetate extract was found to be 75.6%, respectively. The percentage inhibition of the ethanolic extract for BuChE was found to be 59.4%, and ethyl acetate extract was found to be 63.2%, respectively. The IC50 values for DPPH scavenging activity were significant when compared with the standard ascorbic acid.Conclusion: The plant extract with significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase property has shown its potential to be investigated further as a therapeutic drug for AD.

scholarly journals BIOACTIVITIES OF THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF RHODOCOCCUS QINGSHENGII STRAIN BJC15-A38 AN ENDOPHYTE OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Saini ◽  
Madhurama Gangwar ◽  
Amrinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Objective: This study evaluated the antidiabetic activities of the ethyl acetate-methanol (4:1) extract (EA) of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 supernatant.Methods: In vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assays, were used to determine the antidiabetic activity of EA (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/ml). Also, the total phenol content of the extract was determined, followed by understanding the mode of α-amylase inhibition.Results: The crude extract from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. endophytic actinomycete Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 was found to have significant inhibition against α-amylase (IC50 = 65.93 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 929.56 µg/ml). The total phenol content of the crude was found to be 97.25±6.47 and 15.40±0.43 mg/g of the extract in terms of catechol and gallic acid equivalents respectively. Purification of the extract was carried out using silica gel column chromatography. Kinetic analysis revealed the mixed competitive with mixed competitive of inhibition towards α-amylase.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the extract of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 possesses antidiabetic effects.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT NEEM LEAVES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA JUSS)

AGROINTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-657
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Simon Bambang Widjanarko ◽  
Muhaimin Rifa'i ◽  
Yunianta Yunianta
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

The neem plant (Azadirachta indica) is a herb with the potential as a source of antioxidants. This study aimed to identify compounds that exist in the neem leaf and determine their antioxidant activity. Neem leaf extract was collected by using 80% methanol.  Furthermore, methanol extracts from neem leaves with the highest antioxidant activity were partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. This research were analyzed by partition for antioxidant activity, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined. The results showed that the ethyl acetate partition had the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 1.004 µg/ml. Neem leaf extract has the potential for a use as an herbal medicine in the treatment of various diseases..

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