scholarly journals Influence of Various Temperatures on the Drying Time of 132 KV Transformer Insulations in Vapour Phase Drying Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3072-3078
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
The State ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Transformer Insulation ◽  
Cellulose Insulation ◽  
Very High

Transformers are required to handle very high levels of voltage and hence proper insulation is very important in transformers. As of now, the most preferred form of insulation in transformers is cellulose based. The state of cellulose insulation materials like paper & pressboards determines the life end of a transformer. Paper with 1.5% moisture content ages 10 times faster than with only 0.3% moisture. For obvious reasons, it is very important that the moisture is removed from transformer insulation. Vacuum drying has been conventionally used in industries for insulation drying but, as of today the latest technology available is the vapour phase drying process. This paper evaluates the influence of temperatures at various locations on the drying time of the 132kv transformer insulations in vapour phase drying process.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Temperatures on the Drying Time of 220/66 KV Transformer Insulations in Vapour Phase Drying Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Transformer Insulation ◽  
Cellulose Insulation ◽  
Very High

Cellulose based insulation in the form of different papers and pressboard play a vital role in transformer manufacturing as very high level of voltages are encountered during transformer operation. Cellulose being hygroscopic in nature contains 8-10% moisture by weight. The life of a transformer is critically dependant on the state of cellulose insulation so much so that, paper with 1.5% moisture content ages 10 times faster than with only 0.3% moisture. For obvious reasons, it is very important that the moisture is removed from transformer insulation. As of today, the latest technology available for this moisture extraction is the vapour phase drying process. This paper evaluates the influence of temperatures at various locations on the drying time of two 220kv transformer insulations in vapour phase drying process.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Influencia de las condiciones de secado solar en la coloración de plantas medicinales

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Margarita Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Beatriz Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Juan Carlos Ovando-Sierra ◽  
Luz María Hernández-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Bacterial Proliferation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

For millennia, humans have used hundreds of medicinal plants to treat diseases. Currently, many species with important characteristics are known to alleviate a wide range of health problems, mainly in rural areas, where the use of these resources is very high, even replacing scientific medicine almost completely. This paper presents the dehydration of medicinal plants that are grown in the State of Campeche through direct and indirect solar technologies in order to evaluate the influence of air flow and temperature on the color of the final product through the L* a* scale. b*, analyzing the activity of water and humidity during the drying process. The experimental results showed that the direct solar dryer with forced convection presents a little significant color change in a drying time of 400 min on average, guaranteeing the null bacterial proliferation and reaching a final humidity between 9 % and 11 %.

scholarly journals Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfeo ◽  
Diego Planeta ◽  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Rosa Palmeri ◽  
Aldo Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Final Water Content ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

Study on Drying Characteristics of Microalgae under Different Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiao Qian Ma ◽  
Xiao Cong Li ◽  
Wei Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Two Stages

To find out an alternative of coal saving, a kind of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) which is widespread in fresh water was studied by digital blast drying system. The effect of the moisture content, drying thickness and temperature on the drying process of C. vulgaris were investigated. The results indicated that when the drying temperature is high, the moisture content is low and the material thickness is small, the drying time is short. The drying process of C.vulgaris can be divided into two stages, and the mass loss is mainly occurred in the second stage . The results will provide guidance for design of drying process and dryer of microalgae.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization for Konjac Vacuum Drying Based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Zeng ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Weibin Wu ◽  
Zefeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

To reveal quality change rules and establish the predicting model of konjac vacuum drying, a response surface methodology was adopted to optimize and analyze the vacuum drying process, while an artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to model the drying process and compare with the response surface methodology (RSM) model. The different material thickness (MT) of konjac samples (2, 4 and 6mm) were dehydrated at temperatures (DT) of 50, 60 and 70 °C with vacuum degrees (DV) of 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 MPa, followed by Box–Behnken design. Dehydrated samples were analyzed for drying time (t), konjac glucomannan content (KGM) and whiteness index (WI). The results showed that the DT and MT should be, respectively, under 60 °C and 4 mm for quality and efficiency purposes. Optimal conditions were found to be: DT of 60.34 °C; DV of 0.06 MPa and MT of 2 mm, and the corresponding responses t, KGM and WI were 5 h, 61.96% and 82, respectively. Moreover, a 3-10-3 ANN model was established to compare with three second order polynomial models established by the RSM, the result showed that the RSM models were superior in predicting capacity (R2 > 0.928; MSE < 1.46; MAE < 1.04; RMSE < 1.21) than the ANN model. The main results may provide some theoretical and technical basis for the konjac vacuum drying and the designing of related equipment.

Far-Infrared Drying Effects onto the Physical Characteristics of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Habsah Alwi ◽  
Nurul Shazana Mohd Zain ◽  
Hanafiah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Jefri Jaafar ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High

Drying also known as dehydration is commonly used as a unit operation in herbs manufacturing industry to preserve the food product by removing the moisture content in the herbs. Unfortunately, most drying process degraded the product quality because the feedstock is exposed to a very high temperature within a long period of time by using conventional oven Therefore this research has focused on the alternatives technique in overcoming the degradation of nutrients by applying the irradiation concepts. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of drying onto the physical properties of Aquilaria Malaccensis leaves by using fabricated far-infrared dryer. The experiments were conducted at various temperature ranging from 40, 50 and 60°C. The color difference and the moisture content of the leaves before and after drying were examined. The color measurements data shows that at 60°C, the brightness and the chroma were the highest. On the other hand, the hue angles were the highest for 60°C when the time was reached 100 minutes.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Hot Air Drying Temperatures on Drying Kinetics, Shrinkage, and Colour of Persimmon Slices

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senadeera ◽  
Adiletta ◽  
Önal ◽  
Di Matteo ◽  
Russo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air

Drying characteristics of persimmon, cv. “Rojo Brillante”, slabs were experimentally determined in a hot air convective drier at drying temperatures of 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C at a fixed air velocity of 2.3 m/s. It was observed that the drying temperature affected the drying time, shrinkage, and colour. Four empirical mathematical models namely, Enderson and Pabis, Page, Logarithmic, and Two term, were evaluated in order to deeply understand the drying process (moisture ratio). The Page model described the best representation of the experimental drying data at all investigated temperatures (45, 50, 55, 60, 65 °C). According to the evaluation of the shrinkage models, the Quadratic model provided the best representation of the volumetric shrinkage of persimmons as a function of moisture content. Overall, higher drying temperature (65 °C) improved the colour retention of dried persimmon slabs.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Drying of Rose Hips: a Process Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Elena Verboloz ◽  
Marina Ivanova ◽  
Vera Demchenko ◽  
Sergey Fartukov ◽  
Nikita Evona
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Drying Time

Introduction. Rose hips are rich in macro- and micronutrients. Unfortunately, heat treatment destroys most nutrients. Ultrasonic technologies make it possible to reduce the drying time and lower the temperature regime. The research objective was to adjust ultrasound technology to rose hip production in order to reduce the loss of vitamins and improve the quality indicators of the dried product. Study objects and methods. The research featured rose hips of the Rosa canina species collected in the south of Kazakhstan. This subspecies of wild rose is poor in vitamin C. Nevertheless, this shrub is extremely common in Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The raw material was dried according to standard methods. One group of samples was treated with ultrasound, while the other served as control. Both groups underwent a sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture and vitamin C. Results and discussion. The rose hips were dried in a combination steam oven with a built-in ultrasonic wave generator. The research revealed the following optimal parameters of the ultrasound drying process: frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 22 kHz, processing time – 2.5 h, temperature in the combination steam oven – +56°C, initial moisture content – 30%. The resulting product met the requirements of State Standard. The loss of moisture was 57%. According to State Standard 1994-93, the initial moisture content should be 15% or less. Time decreased from 360 min to 160 min, and the initial moisture was 13%. The experiment confirmed the initial hypothesis that ultrasonic treatment improves the drying process by improving quality indicators and preserving vitamin C in raw materials using. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment during moisture removal from rose hips provides a resource-saving technology that fulfills an economically and socially important function.

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