scholarly journals Parametric Optimization in SI Engine Fuelled With Gasoline-Ethanol Blends Using Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2336-2345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Constant Loading ◽  
Octane Rating ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
The Given

Alcohols are a unit gaining attention everywhere in the world has an alternate to gasolene. Among alcoholic alternative combustible fuels such as Biogas, Hydrogen, Methanol, Biodiesel and Ethanol, Ethanol is the best-listed alternative renewable and neat fuel for Spark Ignition (SI) engines as blends in various fractions boosts the oxygen content, leads to promising minimum emissions as compared to non-blended fossil fuels. Non-oxygenated gasoline-ethanol blends were prepared, with 5% to 35 % ethanol to boost the Octane rating. Iso-octane is also added in to the blends as an additive (3% to 5%). The results from the engine test for the prepared blends at constant loading conditions are analyzed and optimized by RSM and DoE. It was found that at E30 blend with 5% Iso-octane additive found minimum BSFC and higher BTE. The emission characteristics like CO, CO2, HC, and NO2 are quite low for the given maximum constant loading conditions (9kg) with setted Compression Ratio (9) and at rated speed. The perceptions produced using the test that E30 blends and 5% of additive Iso-Octane have come about better engine performance' and least 'emitants' when contrasted with other tested blends.

scholarly journals Review of Performance and Emmissions Characteristics of Bio-Additive Fuel on SI Engine Fuelled by Biopetrol

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 430-434
Author(s):  
Azizul Mokhtar ◽  
Nazrul Atan ◽  
Najib Rahman ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions

Bio-additive is biodegradable and produces less air pollution thus significant for replacing the limited fossil fuels and reducing threats to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming. Instead, the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. Some of the bio-additive has the ability to reduce the total CO2 emission from internal petrol engine. This review paper focuses to determine a new approach in potential of bio-additives blends operating with bio-petrol on performance and emissions of spark ignition engine. It is shown that the variant in bio-additives blending ratio and engine operational condition are reduced engine-out emissions and increased efficiency. It seems that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the friction coefficient. The review concludes that the additives usage in bio-petrol is inseparable for the better engine performance and emission control and further research is needed to develop bio-petrol specific additives.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH INTO THE INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL PETROL ADDITIVES IN THE AUTOMOBILE LABORATORY

Transport ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Butkus ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Octane Rating ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Eu

Looking forward to Lithuania becoming a member of the EU it is very important to use a larger amount of renewing fuel. Based on economic and environmental considerations in Lithuania, we are interested in studying the effects of ethanol contents in the blended ethanol‐petrol fuel on the engine performance and pollutant emission of SI engine. Therefore, we used engine test facilities to investigate the effects on the engine performance and pollutant emission of 3,5 % and 7,0 % ethanol in the fuel blend and special additives, which reduce emissions and increase octane rating. The tests were carried out in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer with two different cars. The experiment results showed that ethanol used in a fuel blend with petrol had a positive influence on engine performance and exhaust emission.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study on Performance and Emissions of E85 Adopting Different Injection Approaches in a Turbocharged PFI SI Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Luca Marchitto ◽  
Maria Antonietta Costagliola ◽  
Gerardo Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Cylinder Port

This study examines the effects of ethanol and gasoline injection mode on the combustion performance and exhaust emissions of a twin cylinder port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. Generally, when using gasoline–ethanol blends, alcohol and gasoline are externally mixed with a specified blending ratio. In this activity, ethanol and gasoline were supplied into the intake manifold into two different ways: through two separated low pressure fuel injection systems (Dual-Fuel, DF) and in a blend (mix). The ratio between ethanol and gasoline was fixed at 0.85 by volume (E85). The initial reference conditions were set running the engine with full gasoline at the knock limited spark advance boundary, according to the standard engine calibration. Then E85 was injected and a spark timing sweep was carried out at rich, stoichiometric, and lean conditions. Engine performance and gaseous and particle exhaust emissions were measured. Adding ethanol could remove over-fueling with an increase in thermal efficiency without engine load penalties. Both ethanol and charge leaning resulted in a lowering of CO, HC, and PN emissions. DF injection promoted a faster evaporation of gasoline than in blend, shortening the combustion duration with a slight increase in THC and PN emissions compared to the mix mode.

The Lean Mixture Operational Limits of a Spark Ignition Engine When Operated on Fuel Mixtures

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim ◽  
A. Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Unstable Combustion ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Combustion Processes

The operation of spark ignition (SI) engines on lean mixtures is attractive, in principle, since it can provide improved fuel economy, reduced tendency to knock, and extremely low NOx emissions. However, the associated flame propagation rates become degraded significantly and drop sharply as the operating mixture is made increasingly leaner. Consequently, there exist distinct operational lean mixture limits beyond which satisfactory engine performance cannot be maintained due to the resulting prolonged and unstable combustion processes. This paper presents experimental data obtained in a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, SI engine when operated in turn on methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, gasoline, iso-octane, and some of their binary mixtures. A quantitative approach for determining the operational limits of SI engines is proposed. The lean limits thus derived are compared and validated against the corresponding experimental results obtained using more traditional approaches. On this basis, the dependence of the values of the lean mixture operational limits on the composition of the fuel mixtures is investigated and discussed. The operational limit for throttled operation with methane as the fuel is also established.

Investigation of Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Si Engine Fuelled with Ethanol Blends by Numerical Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 597-601
Author(s):  
Ceyla Ozgur ◽  
Erdi Tosun ◽  
Tayfun Ozgur ◽  
Gökhan Tuccar ◽  
Kadi̇r Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

In this study the influences of ethanol addition to gasoline on an spark ignition engine performance and emissions were explored. AVL BOOST software was used to simulate the performance and emission characteristics of different ethanol-gasoline blends. The blended fuels contain 5%, 10% and 15% of ethanol by volume, and indicated as B95E5, B90E10, and B85E15, respectively. The results showed that ethanol addition to gasoline fuel improve combustion process, decrease CO emissions and reduce BSFC of the SI engine.

Optimization of combustion and performance parameters by intake-charge conditions in a small-scale air-cooled hydrogen fuelled SI engine suitable for use in piston-prop aircraft

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Gürbüz
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Si Engines

Purpose Spark ignition (SI) engines are used in a wide area in the transportation industry, from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft. On the other hand, the decrease in reserves of fossil fuels used in SI engines and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions makes the use of alternative fuels inevitable. In this paper, optimization of in-cylinder combustion and engine performance parameters by intake-charge conditions [i.e. intake-air temperature, injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)] in a hydrogen (H2)-fueled small SI engine is performed. Design/methodology/approach Experimental studies were performed at a 1,600 rpm engine speed of a single-cylinder, air-cooled engine having a stroke volume of 476.5 cm3, maximum output power of 13 HP and torque of 25 Nm. The hydrogen-fueled SI engine was operated by a lean air-fuel mixture (ϕ = 0.6) under wide-open throttle (WOT) conditions. Findings The findings of the paper show that improvements can be achieved in in-cylinder combustion, indicated engine performance, exhaust NOx emissions with optimum intake-air temperature, the start of H2 injection and the ERG rate. Practical Implications It has been determined that a 32°C intake-air temperature, 395°C (bTDC) start of H2 injection, and 5%–10% EGR rates are the most suitable values for the examined hydrogen fueled SI engine. Originality Value Hydrogen is a usable alternative fuel for SI engines used in a wide area from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft engines. However, a number of problems remain that limit hydrogen fueled SI engines to some extent, such as backfire, a decrease of engine power, and high NOx emissions. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine the effects of intake-charge conditions on in-cylinder combustion, engine performance, and NOx emissions parameters in a hydrogen fuelled SI engine.

Numerical Investigation on LNG Injection in a SI-ICE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Pasini ◽  
Stefano Frigo ◽  
Marco Antonelli ◽  
Maria Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cryogenic Liquid ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Si Engines

Since the beginning of this century, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has been attracting more and more attention as a cleaner energy alternative to other fossil fuels, mainly due to the possibility to transport it over longer distances than natural gas in pipelines and lower environmental impact than other liquid fuels. It is expected that this trend in the use of LNG will lead to steady increases in demand over the next few decades. At present, in the automotive sector, natural gas is employed as fuel in spark-ignited (SI) engines in the gas phase (CNG) adopting port-fuel injection system (PFI) in the intake manifold, with the main result of reducing CO2 emissions by up to 20%, compared with gasoline operation. However, SI engines which are operated in this manner suffer loss of peak torque and power due to a reduction in volumetric efficiency. Direct-Injection (DI) inside the cylinder can overcome this drawback by injecting CNG after intake valve closure. Another strategy could be the injection of natural gas in the liquid phase, both in PFI or DI mode. The injected fuel evaporation cools down the intake air; increasing the charge density with a substantial improvement in the engine volumetric efficiency and delivered power. However, at present, injection systems dedicated to cryogenic injection of natural gas are still in the prototype state. In the present study, the volumetric efficiency and performance of a turbocharged, LNG fuelled SI-ICE were numerically analysed both in the cases of DI and PFI modes and compared with the results of a conventional CNG system. Various fuel injection timings and injector position were analysed. The engine performance was evaluated by means of a one-dimensional model developed with the simulation program GT-Power, while the verification of the LNG-air mixture characteristics was carried out with the commercial code Aspen HYSIS. The numerical activity has shown that gaseous DI, before inlet valves closing, gives the worst result since methane, once injected into the cylinder, expands hindering the entry of air. On the other side, liquid PFI represents the best configuration to maximize the volumetric efficiency and therefore the engine power. All the technological issues related to a cryogenic liquid methane injection system were not taken into consideration in this study.

Experimental Investigation of SI Engine Performance Using Oxygenated Fuel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulghani A. Al-Farayedhi ◽  
Ali M. Al-Dawood ◽  
P. Gandhidasan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

The current experimental study aims to examine the effects of using oxygenates as a replacement of lead additives in gasoline on performance of a typical SI engine. The tested oxygenates are MTBE, methanol, and ethanol. These oxygenates were blended with a base unleaded fuel in three ratios (10, 15, and 20 vol.%). The engine maximum output and thermal efficiency were evaluated at a variety of engine operating conditions using an engine dynamometer set-up. The results of the oxygenated blends were compared to those of the base fuel and of a leaded fuel prepared by adding TEL to the base. When compared to the base and leaded fuels, the oxygenated blends improved the engine brake thermal efficiency. The leaded fuel performed better than the oxygenated blends in terms of the maximum output of the engine except in the case of 20 vol.% methanol and 15 vol.% ethanol blends. Overall, the methanol blends performed better than the other oxygenated blends in terms of engine output and thermal efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-Heated Air on Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Petrol-Ethanol Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Bio-fuels have been made vital developments from past decades, in which bio-petrol plays a major role in SI engines. Developments in petrol-ethanol blends have been made to improve the efficiency of SI engine. Air preheated is supported widely in preheating of intake air. To improve efficiency and to reduce emission, air preheated is used in many systems. SI engines are used in automobiles, motor cycles, aircrafts, motorboats and portable small engine. In this work, investigations have been done in the SI engine which intakes preheated air-fuel mixture and various blends of ethanol petrol fuel is used as working fuel. Emission tests are done by exhaust gas analyzer to compare the emissions of different fuels.

A Theoretical Investigation On the Performance and Combustion Parameters in an SI Engine Fueled with Different Shale Gas Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HABIB GÜRBÜZ ◽  
Serife KÖSE
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Abstract In this paper, a theoretical analysis of in-cylinder combustion and indicated engine parameters by using a zero-dimensional, single-zone combustion model presented, in a SI engine operated with shale gas-1(86% CH4, 14% C2H6), shale gas-2 (81% CH4, 10% C2H6, 9% N2), shale gas-3 (58% CH4, 20% C2H6, 12% C3H8, 10% CO2), methane and LPG (30% C3H8, 70% C4H10). The technical characteristics and experimental results (i.e. engine speed, throttle position, intake air temperature and pressure, combustion duration and combustion efficiency) of a single-cylinder SI engine operated with LPG was processed for developing of theoretical combustion model. Also, the results of the theoretical combustion model by LPG fuel and the experimental results by LPG operated SI engine are compared and provided to the validation of the theoretical model. The results showed that the shale gas-1 has the potential to be a good alternative fuel for SI engines soon with an average engine performance of 6.4% lower than LPG in the range of ?=0.83-1.2. Also, methane has an average engine performance of 8.5% lower than LPG. However, shale gas-2 and shale gas-3 caused an average 21% decline at the engine performance.

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