scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Combined Effect of Flexure, Shear and Tension on SFRC Beams

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Discrete Fiber ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Of Tension ◽  
Concrete Matrix

Short discrete fiber reinforcement is the right choice in the concrete matrix. De-bounding and pulling out of fibers requires more force, thereby increasing the durability and confrontation to repeat and dynamics loads. Fibers substantially decrease the fragility of concrete and advance its engineering characteristics, like load bearing capacity, resistance against impact load, flexural, tensile and fatigue etc. Behavior of SFRC in tension, compression, flexure and shear has already been studied separately but no or very little work has been done on combined state flexure, tension, shear, torsion etc. Present study involves the investigation of the behavior of SFRC composite M20 beams with varying percentage fiber content (0.0, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.0%) by volume under the combined state of tension and shear and flexure. The testing beam size was taken as100 mm × 100 mm × 500 mm. Straight fibers 28 mm long and 0.28 mm diameter were castoff. The specimen beams were tested applying direct tension of 0, 5, 7 and 10kN. For different fiber percent by weight beams were tested, all the direct tension values were applied to each of the three beams i.e. total of 48 beams were casted and tested accordingly. For the beam under combined effect of tension, flexure and shear, when tested it was observed that ultimate central deflection and ultimate bending stress were found to decrease for a particular percentage increment of fiber added along with increase of tension. It was also observed that for a specific tension value, deflection increases with increase of fiber percentage at ultimate load in beams. Bending stress increases at tension 10 KN for all percentages of fiber content.

scholarly journals Flexural Behavior of Rubberized Reinforced Concrete Beams

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. Al-Azzawi ◽  
Dalia Shakir ◽  
Noora Saad
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Rubber Waste

In Iraq, the use of rubber waste material in concrete is an interesting topic due to its availability in large volumes. Researches of applications of rubber waste in concrete have been increased since 2003. Many studies carried out to investigate the performance of concrete using different ratios of rubber as a replacement to fine or coarse aggregate. In this research, rubber wastes from scrapped tires have been added as fiber to concrete mix with presence of 0.5% superplasticizer. The flexural behavior of concrete beams, mechanical properties of concrete and workability of concrete mixes have been studied. Rubber fibers ranging from (2-4) mm were added in percentages of 0.5% and 1%) of the cement weight. The results have demonstrated that the addition of rubber material as fibers in natural aggregate concrete enhances its ductility, compressive strength and tensile strength compared to the normal concrete. The effect of rubber fiber content is found to be significant on the behavior of tested beams. If the fiber content increased from 0 to 0.5% the cracking load increased by 60 % and ultimate load increased by 21%. For rubberized concrete, if the fiber content increased from 0.5 to 1.0%, the cracking load decreased 7% and ultimate load increased by 4%.   

Effect of interactivity and congruence on brand advocacy and brand acceptance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devika Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interactive Game ◽  
Brand Advocacy ◽  
Brand Placements ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance in the context of in-game advertising. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (interactivity: high or low)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 140 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance is used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results reveal that for a high-interactive game, congruent condition results in higher brand advocacy and superior brand acceptance than the incongruent condition. However, for a low-interactive game, both congruent and incongruent conditions will result in the same level of brand advocacy as well as equal levels of brand acceptance. Research limitations/implications This paper provides implications for theory as well as practice by providing the empirical evidence of the combined effect of game-interactivity and game-product congruence on consumers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspective of attention and elaboration. If higher brand advocacy and greater brand acceptance are the objectives of the brand managers, then a high interactive with congruent brand placements would be the right approach for effective advergames. Originality/value This investigation contributes to non-traditional advertising media literature, specifically to the area of branded entertainment, like brand placements in digital games by examining and exploring the influence of game-specific factors on players’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance. Moreover, this paper is one of the first to reveal the real-time roles of game-specific factors in generating gamers’ brand advocacy and brand acceptance from the perspectives of attention and elaboration, in an emerging marketing context, like India.

The effect of theophylline on histamine H1 and H2 receptor mediated responses in rabbit atria

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Polanin ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Cardiac Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Rabbit Atria

Rabbit isolated right and left atria were exposed to theophylline and to selected doses of histamine agonists. Right atrial rate and left atrial tension were increased by theophylline (3 × 10−4 M), the H1 agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA) (1 × 10−4 M), and the H2 agonists 4-methylhistamine (1 × 10−4 M) and impromidine (1 × 10−8 M). In the right atria the combined effect of theophylline (3 × 10−4 M) and any of the histamine agonists was greater than the response to either agonist alone. However, the combined effects were not significantly greater than the sum of the individual right atrial responses. In the left atria the combined effect of theophylline (3 × 10−4 M) with any one of the histamine agonists was not only greater than the response to either agonist alone but was also significantly greater than the sum of the individual responses. The potentiation of the left atrial response to the H2 agonists by theophylline was significantly decreased by the H2 antagonist cimetidine (1 × 10−5 M). However, the potentiation of the left atrial response to the H1 agonist (PEA) by theophylline was not significantly altered by the H1 antagonist promethazine (2 × 10−6 M). Reports that the cardiac effects of H1 and H2 receptor agonists are potentiated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline as a result of increased cyclic AMP levels are not supported by the present study.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Pool Effect of Shear, Flexure and Torsion on SFRC Beams

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Specific Fraction

Flexural, torsional, compressive and shear behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is already studied individually but none has studied the performance of SFRC beams under a combined effect of more than one state i.e. tension, flexure, torsion, compression and shear in general by now. In this study M20 grade of concrete beams under composite behavior of flexure, shear and torsion with different compositions of fibers mix were investigated. The dimensions of specimen beams was 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm and straight cylindrical fibers of length 0.28 mm and aspect ratio 100 were mixed. A total of 48 specimen were casted and tested such that for every percentage of fiber and each torsion value three beams were tested. Hence there are four torsion values 0, 61.75, 119.41 and 176.53 N-m are applied (4x3x4=48) It was found during study that ultimate bending stress and deflection increases due to increase in torsion where as the ductility reduced with the torsion enhancement for a specific fraction of fiber content.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN PASTA KECAMBAH KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata L.) DAN PASTA RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SOSIS ANALOG KACANG TUNGGAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Kadek Wiantini ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Ekawati ◽  
Ni Made Yusa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Range Test

This study aims to determine the effect of cowpea sprout paste and seaweed paste to the characteristics of analogue cowpea sausage, and to know the right ratio of cowpea sprout paste and seaweed paste on the characteristics of analogue cowpea sausage. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with the treatment ratio of cowpea sprout paste and seaweed paste, which consists of 5 levels such as: 90% cowpea sprout paste : 10% seaweed paste, 80% cowpea sprout paste : 20% seaweed paste, 70% cowpea sprout paste : 30% seaweed paste, 60% cowpea sprout paste : 40% seaweed paste, and 50% cowpea sprout paste: 50% seaweed paste. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 units of experiments. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and if the treatment had a significant effect then continued with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that cowpea sprout paste and seaweed paste ratio had a significant effect on water content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, coarse fiber content, elasticity, taste (hedonic), texture (hedonic and scoring) and overall acceptance (hedonic). Comparison of 50% cowpea sprout paste and 50% seaweed paste had the best characteristics analogue cowpea sausage, with 69,88% water content, 2,16% ash content, 3,77% protein content, 2,92% fat content, 21,27% carbohydrate content, 1,50% coarse fiber content, elasticity 6,65 N, color and aroma rather liked, texture chewy and liked, taste and overall acceptance liked.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RASIO DAGING AYAM BROILER (Gallus domesticus) DENGAN JAMUR MERANG (Volvariella volvacea S.) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK TUM AYAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Kiki Iqlima Rahmadaeni ◽  
I Ketut Suter ◽  
I Made Sugitha
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
The Right

The aims of this research was to determine the effect of the ratio of broiler chicken meat with straw mushroom to the characteristics of chicken tum and to determine the right comparison between chicken meat and straw mushroom that can produce chicken tum with the best characteristics. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with a treatment ratio between meat of broiled chicken and mushroom 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. This treatment was repeated 3 times so that was obtained as many as 18. Experimental units data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then followed by Duncan's test. The ratio of  broiler chicken and straw mushroom significantly influenced texture, color hedonik, fat content and crude fiber content. Not significant effect to taste hedonic, flavor hedonic, overall hedonic and cholesterol content. The best treatment was 50% of broiler chicken meat with 50% straw mushroom , with the characteristic of chicken tum the analysis of fat content 9,33%, crude fiber content 11,16%, cholesterol content 2,22%, the texture, color, taste, flavor and overall were acceptance.   Keyword: chicken tum, straw mushrooms, fiber contetnt, fat contetnt.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG HANJELI (Coix lacryma-Jobi, L.) DENGAN BUAH SALAK KERING (Salacca edulis Reinw.) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SNACK BAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Putri Dewanty Saraswati ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Ekawati ◽  
I Nengah Kencana Putra
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Right

This study aims to determine the effect of hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit to the characteristics of snack bar produced and the right ratio of hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit that is able to produce snack bar with the best characteristics. The Completely Randomized Design was used in the research with treatment that is the ratio of hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit which consist of 5 levels: 90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with Duncan test. The result showed that hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit had a significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, coarse fiber content, hardness, color (hedonic), aroma (hedonic), texture (hedonic and scoring), taste (hedonic) and overall acceptance (hedonic). Comparison of 50% hanjeli flour : 50% dried snake fruit produces snack bar with the best characteristics, namely: water content 18.43%, ash content 1,82%, fat content 16.63%, protein content 7.84%, carbohydrate content 55.29%, crude fiber content 3,14%, calori total 402,10 kcal, color liked, aroma very liked, texture little crumbly and liked, taste liked and overall acceptance liked.

scholarly journals Crack Growth Behavior through Wall Pipes under Impact Load and Hygrothremal Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ali Jamal Khaled ◽  
Ahmed Abdul Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Impact

This research concerns study the crack growth in the wall of pipes made of low carbon steel under the impact load and using the effect of hygrothermal (rate of moisture 50% and 50℃ temperature). The environmental conditions were controlled using high accuracy digital control with sensors. The pipe have a crack already. The test was performed and on two type of specimens, one have length of 100cm and other have length 50cm. The results were, when the humidity was applied to the pipe, the crack would enhance to growth (i.e. the number of cycles needed to growth the crack will reduce). In addition, when the temperature was increase the number of cycles needed to growth the crack are reduced because the effect of heat on the mechanical properties of the material. In addition, when the test performed on the specimens of length 50cm the number of cycles needed to growth the crack is increase because the effect of bending stress on the pipes.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN SERAT KASAR DARI BAKASANG IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp.) PADA BERBAGAI KADAR GARAM, SUHU DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Abdul R.H. Korompot ◽  
Feti Fatimah ◽  
Audy D. Wuntu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The Right

KANDUNGAN SERAT KASAR DARI BAKASANG IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp.) PADA BERBAGAI KADAR GARAM, SUHU DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI ABSTRAKBakasang ikan tuna adalah salah satu produk fermentasi yang umumnya dibuat dari jeroan ikan tuna dengan penambahan garam. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan Mengetahui kandungan serat kasar dari bakasang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) pada berbagai kondisi pengolahan. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian analisis kadar serat kasar. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan bulan Januari sampai Maret di Laboratorium Biokimia Universitas Sam Ratulangi dan Laboratorium Badan Riset dan Standarisasi Industri Manado. Hasil terbaik kadar serat kasar bakasang ikan tuna dengan kadar garam terbaik kadar garam 30%, suhu 50oC dan waktu fermentasi 15 hari yaitu 1,0018% yang menunjukan kandungan gizi yang baik untuk kesehatan.Kata kunci : Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.), Gizi, Bakasang, Serat Kasar THE RIGHT FIBER CONTENT OF THE TUNA FISH BAKASANG (Thunnus sp.) ON VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF SALT, TEMPERATUREAND FERMENTATION TIMEABSTRACT Bakasang tuna is one of the fermentation products that are generally made from tuna innards by detailing the salt. Therefore, research is conducted with the aim of containing crude fiber content from tuna tuna (Thunnus sp.) In various processing conditions. The study included the testing of crude fiber content. The research has been conducted from January to March in the Biochemical Laboratory of Sam Ratulangi University and Laboratory of Manado Industry Research and Standards Agency. The best results of crude fiber content of tuna fish with salt content of 30% salt, 50oC temperature and fermentation time of 15 days is 1.0018% indicating good nutrition for health.Keyword: Tuna (Thunnus sp.), Nutrition, Bakasang, Rough Fiber

scholarly journals Mechanical comparative analysis of three different types of sutures in different dimensions tendons: experimental study

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trajano Sardenberg ◽  
Sérgio Swain Müller ◽  
Chafi Facuri Neto ◽  
Gustavo Colani Barbosa ◽  
José Fernando El Murr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Axial Traction ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Right

The aim of this experimental investigation was study of mechanical profile of three kinds of suture, between tendons with different dimensions. Were utilized 21 mongrel dogs ( 11males, 10 females) of wich were obtained the tendon comum flexor and tendon tibial cranial of both pelvic limbs. After the dissection of the tendons, suture was done, seven animal per group. The tendons utilized allways were from the right limb and from the left limb side utilized as control. After the suture, we performed axial traction tests, rate level of 30mm /min, using special jaws. After the test the machine's program informed the values of ultimate load, elongation and strain, and load elongation diagram. The results were submite to statistical study, that showed no difference between the technics utilized. The values of suture groups were smaller than the control, for ultimate load, and higher for elongation and strain.

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