scholarly journals Reduction of HC and CO in the Exhaust Gas of Minibus Vehicles by Natural Zeolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Amru Siregar* ◽  
◽  
Amirsyam Nasution ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Flow ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Pollutant Gases ◽  
Automotive Emission

Air pollution due to burning fossil fuels is still an environmental problem today. This paper presents the research results; method of reducing HC and CO in the exhaust gas of minibus vehicles. This method uses a pollutant gas trap (PGT) device, which functions as an adsorption medium, and natural zeolite as an absorbent material. The PGT device is designed in such a way that the zeolite can adsorb HC and CO gases flowing in it. The PGT device consists of a hollow body and supporting equipment arranged in it. The cavity of the PGT device is filled with zeolite granules and can be passed through vehicle exhaust gases. The PGT device consists of laminar and turbulent flow types, while the zeolite grains used are 2.54 mm and 1.27 mm. The PGT-zeolite device is installed at the exhaust end of the vehicle, so that polluting gases are absorbed by the zeolite. The adsorption capability of the PGT-zeolite device was measured with an Automotive-Emission-Analyzer, type NHA-406EN. Turbulence type PGT device, capable of reducing pollutant gases HC ≈ 40% and CO ≈ 42% respectively for the zeolite grain size of 2.54 mm. Meanwhile, the laminar flow type PGT device was able to reduce HC ≈ 36% and CO ≈ 42% gas, respectively for the zeolite grain size of 2.54 mm. The results of this study indicate that the PGT-zeolite device has a very good ability to reduce pollutant gases in the exhaust gas of minibus vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research on the feasibility of using natural zeolite, as an absorber of polluting gases in other types of vehicles.

As-Cast Grain Size of Aluminum Alloys Refined by Al-Ti-B Master Alloys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Easton ◽  
David St John ◽  
Prasad Arvind
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Refined Microstructure ◽  
Critical Technology ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Cast Parts ◽  
Size Data

Grain refinement is a critical technology for the successful production of cast parts; whether that be preforms such as extrusion billet or rolling slab, or near net-shape castings. A refined microstructure has many advantages with reduced defects and improved mechanical properties. This article describes the approaches to the prediction of grain size in Al-alloys refined by Al-Ti-B master alloys. Included are empirical approaches based on the generation and analysis of grain size data, the development of analytical equations, and the use of finite element approaches to the prediction of grain sizes. It is clear that researchers have a good ability to predict grain size of Al-alloys grain refined by Al-Ti-B master alloys, although there are still some outstanding challenges, particularly in considering more extreme solidification conditions and poisoning of the master alloys.

A Study of an Analysis Method for Trace Substances in Vehicle Exhaust Gas

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Iwakiri ◽  
Hirotaka Kanno ◽  
Hiroyuki Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust

Performance of Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Pavement in Reduction of Motor Vehicles’ Exhaust Gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Zhuoying Jiang ◽  
Xiong (Bill) Yu
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used photocatalyst that can oxidize motor vehicle exhaust, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide, under the irradiation of sunlight. It has been reported that nano-scale TiO2 particles can be effectively used to modify the concrete-asphalt pavement, and make it as a photocatalytic pavement. However, the pure TiO2 additive limits its absorption spectrum to the ultraviolet region, which only occupies a small portion of sunlight irradiance. To increase the utilization of the full spectrum of sunlight, it has been demonstrated that doping TiO2 with substances such as Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), or metal can reduce the band-gap and extend the threshold of the absorption spectrum to the visible light region. Therefore, doped-TiO2 has a better photocatalytic performance under sunlight irradiation. This paper conducted computational simulation of the kinetics of photocatalytic pavement to quantify the efficiency of doped-TiO2 embedded pavement in reducing exhaust gas from motor vehicles. A three-dimensional model is developed on a section of local road with doped-TiO2 embedded pavement. The effects of doped-TiO2 concentration, daylight conditions, and traffic flow conditions on the removal of NOx and CO were studied. The results indicate that the pavement with doped-TiO2 coating is effective to remove CO and NOx under different traffic density and daylight intensity conditions. Compared with UV activated TiO2, visible-light-activated doped-TiO2 features significantly higher removal efficiency of poisonous exhaustive gas including NOx and CO.

Heat Recovery Steam Generator Design for a Graz Cycle Prototype Power Plant for CO2 Capture

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Giglmayr ◽  
J. Paul ◽  
W. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Generator Design

The introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore, research and development at Graz University of Technology has lead to the GRAZ CYCLE, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. The GRAZ CYCLE is still on a theoretical level, first tests with the turbo-machinery equipment were performed. In the GRAZ CYCLE fossil fuels are burned with pure oxygen which enables a cost-effective separation of the combustion generated CO2 by condensation. Cycle efficiencies as high as 63% can be reached. Taking the efforts for the oxygen supply into account the efficiency is reduced to 55% [1]. This work presents a further step towards a GRAZ CYCLE prototype plant, with special emphasis on the layout and design of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The hot exhaust gas of the turbine consists mainly of CO2 and H2O. This exhaust gas causes higher demands on the HRSG. A faster corrosion of the heat exchangers and the recirculation of the cycle fluid have to be considered. Based on the design of conventional HRSGs, the necessary adaptations are discussed and economically evaluated.

Trends in Suicide Rate for England and Wales 1975–80

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. G. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Real Increase

SummaryThe suicide rate in England and Wales has increased annually in the period 1975 to 1980. The increase has occurred in both sexes, but has been greater for males. There has been a decrease in suicide by poisoning with solid or liquid substances (including overdoses) and a marked increase in poisoning by vehicle exhaust gas. The rate of hanging, strangulation and suffocation has also increased substantially: taken together (ICD E953) these now form the most common method of suicide in males. Statistics for ‘undetermined’ and ‘accidental’ death have been examined, and indicate that the increase in the official suicide rate represents a real increase in suicides during this period.

scholarly journals g-C3N4/CeO2 Binary Composite Prepared and Its Application in Automobile Exhaust Degradation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Shengchao Cui ◽  
Baowen Xie ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jianzhong Pei ◽  
Yefei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Automobile Exhaust ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Photocatalytic Material ◽  
Binary Composite

Vehicle exhaust seriously pollutes urban air and harms human health. Photocatalytic technology can effectively degrade automobile exhaust. This work prepared g-C3N4/CeO2 photocatalytic material by constructing heterojunctions. Four kinds of g-C3N4/CeO2 composite photocatalytic materials with different mass ratios were prepared. An indoor exhaust gas purification test was carried out under natural light and ultraviolet light irradiations. The optimum mass ratio of g-C3N4 material and CeO2 material was determined by evaluating the exhaust gas degradation effective. Moreover, the structure and morphology of the g-C3N4/CeO2 composite were investigated with microscopic characterization experiments (including XRD, TG-DSC, FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM and XPS). The results obtained were that the optimum mass ratio of g-C3N4 material to CeO2 material was 0.75. The degradation efficiencies under ultraviolet irradiation in 60 min for HC, CO, CO2, NOX were 7.59%, 12.10%, 8.25% and 36.82%, respectively. Under visible light conditions, the degradation efficiency in 60 min for HC, CO, CO2 and NOX were 15.88%, 16.22%, 10.45% and 40.58%, respectively. This work is useful for purifying automobile exhaust in the future.

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Castor Seed Biodiesel

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Bharadwaja Bhaskar ◽  
S. Srihari
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation

In this study the effect on exhaust gases of a diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel and coupling Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has been done. EGR is a pre-treatment technique to trim down NOx from diesel engines as it is expected to reduce the flame temperature and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. Fossil fuels so-called biodiesel is picked as the blending fuel. Existence of oxygen in Biodiesel aids complete combustion and anticipated to reduce CO and HC emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation technique can capably reduce the amount of NOx. EGR may tend to increase the CO and HC emissions, biodiesel which has higher oxygen content is blended to diesel so that it may compensate CO and HC emissions. The performance and emission characteristics of EGR along with biodiesel in a diesel engine are discussed.

Research on Emissions Characteristics and Treatment Technology of Black Carbon for Diesel Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Diao ◽  
Jian Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Diesel Vehicle

According to development environment of Diesel vehicle in recent years, emission situation, emission characteristics and treatment technologies of black carbon in diesel vehicle exhaust gas were investigated. Through comparative analysis of existing technologies, strategies and recommendations for resolving black carbon emissions were further presented so as to control or reduce the emissions of black carbon in diesel vehicle exhaust gas.

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