scholarly journals Wood and Veneer Properties of Fast Growing Species from Batai, Eucalyptus and Kelampayan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Veneer Sheet ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Bottom To Top ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Fast Growing Species

Anatomical, physical, chemical and veneer properties of wood are important aspect that affect applicability of wood based product. This study is focused on three fast growing species of Batai (Paraserianthes falcataria), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pellita) and Kelampayan (Neolamarckia cadamba). All trees were cut into three height portion (bottom, middle and top) and wood disc samples are taken for anatomical, physical and chemical determination from each part of height. Meanwhile veneer properties were determined for veneer sheet after peeling and drying process. Eucalyptus shows the highest number of vessel for 16 mm2 area and near pith has higher frequency of vessel occurrence than near bark. The highest specific gravity for Batai, Eucalyptus and Kelampayan were found in bottom portion, followed by middle and top portion. Percentages of moisture content for this tree species is increased going from bottom to top portion. Cold and hot water, alcohol toluene, ash content and lignin content were found to have significant differences for top, middle and bottom of tree portion. The highest of percentage of veneer shrinkage was shown by Kelampayan veneer. Meanwhile, Batai veneer exhibited the lowest contact angle. As the conclusion, species and tree portions were found to be significantly affected for the anatomical, physical and chemical properties. For veneer analysis, species were found to affect veneer parameters. The results are of importance in order to optimize the production of plywood from fast growing species in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Biocompatible Material from Indonesian Natural Resource of Wild Silkmoth Cocoon

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
Zdenek Knejzlík ◽  
Tomáš Ruml ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Tjokorda Sari Nindhia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Biocompatibility Testing ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Silk can be produced by spider or insect and have prospect as biomaterial for regenerative healing in medical treatment. Silk having physical and chemical properties that support biocompatibility in the living things..In this research, silk that was obtained from Indonesia natural resource of Attacus atlas silkmoth was explored and then will be  developed for biocompatible biomaterial. The treatment with NaOH was developed to separate the fiber from the cocoon. The obtained fiber is investigated its mechanical property by performing tensile test for single fiber. The biocompatibility testing was conducted with human cell (osteosarccoma) cultivation. The result identify that separation by using NaOH yield better better mechanical properties comparing konvenstional method with boiling in hot water. Biocompatibility testing indicate that the the fiber having good biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fiber properties of fast-growing species in Latvia and its potential for forest bioindustry

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Sable ◽  
Uldis Grinfelds ◽  
Laura Vikele ◽  
Linda Rozenberga ◽  
Dagnija Lazdina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fine Content ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Pulp Fibres ◽  
Global Energy Supply ◽  
Fast Growing Species

AbstractBioenergy, including energy from wood, currently provides about 9–13% of the total global energy supply. Every fibre of fast-growing wood has a value for its potential use as a material in both pulp and paper and wood chemical industries. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and fibre’s properties of fast-growing species in Latvia – aspen, hybrid aspen, lodgepole pine, poplar and willow. Results showed a variation of cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash contents among the species. Kraft pulp yield and amount of residual lignin were measured and properties of pulp fibres determined. Form factor and fine content in pulp were measured. Poplar and aspen wood had the highest content of cellulose, while lodgepole pine had the highest lignin content in wood and the longest kraft pulp fibres. Willow had 20% of fines in pulp. Individual results suggest the most suitable application of each species.

Study on the Chemical Properties of Toona Ciliate

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 759-763
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Gao ◽  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Toona Ciliata

Toona ciliata, fast-growing timber species, located in the tropical and subtropical region. In order to explore how to make better use of Toona ciliate, its chemical composition was investigated in this paper. The results show that: Cold water extractive was 1.02%. Hot water extractive was 3.39%. 1% sodium hydroxide extractive was 15.45%. Ethanol-benzene extractive was 1.53%. Content of cellulose was 48.35%. Content of acid-insoluble lignin was 24.92%. Content of holocellulose was 76.45%. Content of hemicellulose was 28.1%. pH value of wood was 6.33. Through comparing with other species, high content of cellulose and low content of extractive suggested that Toona ciliate was ideal material for pulping and board making.

scholarly journals The Physical Properties and The Extractive Content of Sugar Palm Stem (Arenga pinnata)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rudi Hartono ◽  
Muhdi ◽  
John Parulian Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of sugar palm. Physical properties include moisture content, density, and shrinkage from wet to dry oven chemical properties included of extractive solubility in cold and wet solutions. The samples were 15 years of age and originated from Sidikalang, Dairi district, North Sumatra. Three individual samples were taken and cut into 50 cm of length of three types of height namely base, middle, and end. The research was also conducted horizontally (edge, center, and at the core). The results of this study indicated that the average water content was 120.31-603.48%, the specific weight was 0.12-0.51 g/cm3, and the shrinkage from wet to dry oven was 28.06-77.69%. The extractive solubility in cold water was 11.66-87.22%, while in hot water was 10-90%. Based on the specific weight/density obtained, the outer part or edge of the palm sugar was included in the strength classes IV and V.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of 15-year-old Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) from Different Seed Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Pormando Manalu ◽  
Tomy Listyanto ◽  
Denny Irawati ◽  
Rini Pujiarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wall Components

Fifteen year-old teak wood samples planted in Ciamis FMU (Perhutani Enterprise) were evaluated for their chemical properties. Three seed sources such as conventional seed, clone, and superior wood and radial positions namely sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood were the observed factors. The specimens were taken from the bottom parts of their sources. Completely randomized design was used. Cell wall components were analyzed by various gravimetric methods.Analysis of variance and Duncan’s test were performed for data analysis. The results showed that no significant difference in the quantity of cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), extractives (ethanol-toluene and hot-water solubles), ash, and silica content among the seed sources. Superior teakwood or Jati Plus Perhutani, which has the highest growth rate (2.1~3.6 cm/year) among others, showed a comparative higher average pH values (7.08~7.38) and solubility in 1% NaOH (17.22~17.83%) than other sources. Radial factors significantly affected ethanol-toluene extractive and lignin content. The ethanol-toluene extractive had the highest content (9.30~11.54%) at the outer part of heartwood while lignin content was the lowest (28.12~30.10%) in the inner part. The result indicated some good characteristics of young teak trees compared to the mature ones in relation to wood processing.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Characterization of Different Fractions of Corn Stover and Their Relationships to Multipollutant Sorption Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Dan Peng ◽  
Fan Ouyang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Sifang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Corn stover (CS) is mainly composed of three parts: pith (CSP), rind (CSR), and leaf (CSL). These parts have different lignocellulosic constituents and structural properties. Herein, biosorbents derived from individual corn stover constituents were prepared in an effort to determine the significance of each constituent for multipollutant removal. In this study, SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, fibre composition, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize and analyse the physical and chemical properties of the three components of CS and to study their adsorption effects, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. The lignocellulosic compositions of CSP and CSR were similar, the cellulose content in CSP and CSR was significantly higher than that in CSL, and the hemicellulose content of CSL was much higher than those of CSP and CSR. The minimum lignin content was found in CSP, and the maximum lignin content was found in CSR. The results show that each component had a certain adsorption effect on typical organic pollutants (antibiotics, oils, and dyes). CSP had the strongest oil adsorption capacity, CSR was more suitable for adsorbing antibiotics, and CSL had outstanding adsorption capacity for dye. The pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the adsorption processes well, and they consisted of monolayer adsorption accompanied by chemical adsorption reactions. The focus of this study was to provide references for selecting effective adsorbent precursors to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Effect of singeing methods on carcass qualities and sensory properties of red Sokoto buck muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-453
Author(s):  
Ani Ugochukwu ◽  
Jiya Zhiri ◽  
Ocheme Boniface
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical

An experiment was conducted using twenty four red Sokoto bucks to evaluate effect of singeing methods on the carcass quality and sensory properties of red Sokoto buck (Chevon) meat. The study was carried out at the Animal Production Teaching and Research laboratory, Federal University of Technology Minna. The buck carcasses were randomly allocated to four singeing methods of hot water, firewood, rubber tyre and kerosene singeing after slaughter. Data were collected on the sensory parameters, mineral composition, physical and chemical properties and proximate composition. Singeing methods significantly (P<0.05) affects the crude protein and fat contents of the meat samples with crude protein significantly (P<0.05) higher in rubber tyre (31.53%) singed carcasses. While the fat content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in hot water (5.80%) singed carcasses. The mineral contents differs significantly (P<0.05) among singeing methods. The pH and thermal shortening were significantly (P<0.05) higher in buck carcasses singed with kerosene (6.75 and 35.35 respectively). Methods of singeing had significant effect on the carcass quality and sensory properties of meat samples. It was therefore concluded that hot water be used to remove hairs in slaughtered goat carcasses, as this will reduce to practicable level cross contamination of meat during processing. The use of firewood, tyre and kerosene should be total discouraged in meat processing and the public should be educated about the health implication of consuming animal carcasses singed with these methods.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of Castanopsis fargesii wood after heat treatment in sand or vacuum media

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5821-5837
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Qi ◽  
Cai Liu ◽  
Xiao-Lian Wu ◽  
Ji-Qing Li ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Castanopsis Fargesii ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Castanopsis fargesii is among the most prevalent hardwood species in South China. To improve the poor dimensional stability of C. fargesii wood, heat treatments were performed using vacuum or sand as the medium at four temperatures from 170 °C to 215 °C for 4 h. As a medium, vacuum or sand can create a low oxygen environment. The results showed that, as the temperature increased, the oven-dry density decreased, whereas the dimensional stability and the total color change (∆E*) increased with both media, two different changing patterns of a* and b* were observed, the lignin content increased, and the holocellulose content decreased. The oven-dry density decreased 9.4% and 25.5%, volume shrinkage ratio decreased 27.8% and 37.7%, and the ∆E* was 19.63 and 45.52, the lignin contents increased from 17.62% to 28.62% and 42.87%, and the holocellulose contents decreased from 80.49% to 69.43% and 51.04% when C. fargesii wood was heated under vacuum and with sand at 215 °C, respectively. Overall, sand heat treatment affected wood physical and chemical properties more than vacuum heat treatment. The analysis of functional groups and crystallinity also showed that there were severe changes in C. fargesii wood under sand heat treatment.

scholarly journals Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul. V. Sifat Kimia Kayu

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Arsyi Rahman Mohammad ◽  
Pito Wargono ◽  
Vendy Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Radial Cross Section ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Teak Wood

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi sifat kimia kayu jati dari hutan rakyat Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pohon (dbh 28-37 cm) diambil dari tempat tumbuh berbeda yaitu Nglipar, Panggang, dan Playen. Setiap tempat diambil 3 pohon sebagai ulangan dan sampel yang digunakan adalah disk yang diambil dari bagian pangkal. Penampang radial disk dibagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu gubal, teras luar, dan teras dalam. Sifat kimia yang diuji adalah kadar holoselulosa, á-selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, ekstraktif etanol-toluena, kelarutan dalam air panas, kelarutan dalam NaOH 1%, dan abu. Sebagai pembanding, digunakan kayu jati dewasa dari tegakan Randublatung (Perhutani). Kisaran nilai kimia dari komponen dinding sel kayu jati Gunungkidul adalah kadar holoselulosa 75,76-79,74%, á-selulosa 46,72-50,90%, hemiselulosa 27,41-30,14%, lignin 29,22-32,80%, dan kelarutan dalam NaOH 1% sebesar 16,43-17,35%. Selanjutnya, kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena, kelarutan dalam air panas, dan abu adalah 5,04-10,77%, 2,74-7,85%, dan 0,60-1,66%, secara berurutan. Interaksi antara kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata pada kadar holoselulosa, á-selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan ekstraktif etanol-toluena. Faktor tempat tumbuh berpengaruh nyata pada kadar abu sedangkan faktor radial berpengaruh nyata pada kadar kelarutan dalam air panas dan abu. Kayu jati dari Gunungkidul memberikan nilai rerata kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena dan abu yang lebih rendah sedangkan nilai di parameter lainnya masih dalam kisaran nilai kayu jati dari Randublatung.Kata kunci: Tectona grandis, sifat kimia, hutan rakyat, arah radial, Gunungkidul AbstractThis study aimed to explore the chemical properties of teak wood grown in community forests from Gunungkidul Regency. Trees (dbh 28-37 cm) were selected from three different sites i.e. Nglipar, Panggang, and Playen. Three trees were cut from each site and disks were taken from the base of the trees. The disk in radial cross section was divided into 3 parts: sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood. Chemical properties tested were holocellulose, á-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluene extractives, hot-water soluble extractives, solubility in NaOH 1%, and ash contents. Mature teakwoods from Randublatung (Perhutani plantation) were used for comparison purpose.The values range of chemical composition in the cell wall components of the Gunungkidul teak wood were holocellulose content 75.76-79.74%, , á-cellulose content 46.72-50.90%, hemicellulose content 27.41-30.14%, lignin content 29.22-32.80%, and solubility in NaOH 1% 16.43-17.35%. Further, the ethanol-toluene extractive, hot-water soluble, and ash content values ranged from 5.04 to 10.77%, 2.74-7.85%, and 0.60-1.66%, consecutively. Interaction between two factors affects significantly to holocellulose, á-cellulose, hemicellulose, and ethanol-toluene extractive contents. The growth-site significantly influence on the ash contents as radial factor has significantly affect on the levels of hot water soluble extractives and ash content. The amounts of ethanol-toluene extractive and ash contents of Gunungkidul teak wood showed the lower values than those of teak from Randublatung. The values of other parameters were remain in the range of value of teak from Randublatung. 

scholarly journals Chemical properties of modified mahogany wood by heat treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Dewi Susanti ◽  
Ragil Widyorini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Ph Values

Mahogany woods from community forests generally have relatively low qualities due to lack of maintenance activities and for their young harvesting stage. Heat treatment is known as wood modification method that could improve the quality of the wood. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction effect of temperature and method of heat treatment on the chemical properties of young mahogany wood. Materials used in this research were mahogany wood boards from community forest which were heat-treated using oven and steam methods performed at the temperature of 90°C, 120°C, and 150oC for 2 hours. In this research, some chemical changes were analyzed. Results of the research showed that the interaction of temperature and heat treatment method gave a significant decreasing on the pentosan amount, and hot-water extractive solubility, particularly the steaming at 150oC. The increasing temperature of heat treatment significantly decreased the content of holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and pH values whereas it increased lignin content,  extractives (cold-water and alcohol-benzene extractives) and solubility in 1% NaOH. Steaming method provided lower levels in the content of holocellulose, ethanol-benzene extract, cold-water solubility, and pH values compared to the oven heating. However, the steaming method over 1200C should be considered as it would reduce the wood strengths.

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