scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUSAHAAN KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus PT. Prima Mitrajaya Mandiri di Desa Loleng Kecamatan Kota Bangun Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara) (The Impact of Oil Palm Company on Social Economic Condition of Community (Case Study PT. Prima Mitrajaya Mandiri in Loleng Village Kota Bangun Subdistrict Kutai Kartanegara District))

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
ULVA NUR HIDAYAH ◽  
NIKE WIDURI ◽  
SYARIFAH MARYAM
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

The establishment of oil palm companies let impact on society.  The purpose of this study was to know the social and economic impact of  the establishment of oil palm company on the community. This research was conducted from May to July 2019 in Loleng Village, Kota Bangun District, Kutai Kartanegara District. Oil palm company exists in there namely PT. Prima Mitrajaya Mandiri.  Number of respondents was as many as 44 respondents divided into two parts, namely 22 respondents are residing close to the company and 22 respondents are living far away from the company. The method of data analysis that used was descriptive analysis. The research results showed that oil palm company let  positive impact on the community who live near to the company. The establishment of  company opens employment opportunities,  increases people's living standards, and opens business opportunities.   The company gives many help for community lives near the company such as financial assistance to orphans, school repair assistance, and road repair assistance. People who live far away from the company  did not have the positive impact.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAPMOTIVASIPROFESI NELAYAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA TATELI II KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jecky Sasue ◽  
Victoria E.N. Manoppo ◽  
Florence V. Longdong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Result Show

AbstractThe number of fisherman in North Sulawesi Province is reached 93,845 people in 2012. Tateli II village Minahasa regency, Mandolang sub District the social economic condition of fisherman who lived in coastal communities are a group of people are electivity undeveloped if compare. The other communities group, but infect they are happy as a fisherman. Does the profession as a fisherman have a correlation with social economic.The purpose of this research to study the general situations social economic of fisherman and to concern the information about Social economic aspect in the motivation of fisherman children to work as a fishermanThe method to be used is descriptiveexplorative in case study. The collecting date through two sources primary and secondary date. And date analysis by using descriptive analysis qualitative and quantitative analysis, which measure any effect that fisherman children work as a fisherman are analysis by multiple regression.The result show that social condition in education, dependent famely, transfer knowledge and skill, and health, where the economic conclusion the income expenditure, capital and tools ownership. It's found that 0,180564 > 0,05weaas the motivations of fisherman children not influence by educations 0,408463 > 0,05 not influence by dependent 0,06509 > 0,05 not influence by income 0,543403 > 0,05 not influence by tool ownershipThe conclusion that the motivations of fisherman children to become fisherman are not influence by education, famely dependent income and tools ownershipKeyword: fisherman profession, motivations, Tateli II AbstrakProvinsi Sulawesi Utara, pada tahun 2012 jumlah nelayan mencapai 93.845 orang. Kabupaten Minahasa khususnya di Desa Tateli II Kecamatan Mandolang kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan atau masyarakat pesisir merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang relatif tertinggal secara sosial dan ekonomi dibandingkan dengan kelompok masyarakat lain.Tujuan penelitian untuk menelaah keadaan umum, sosial dan ekonomi nelayan dan untuk menghitung berapa besar pengaruh aspek sosial ekonomi nelayan menjadi motivasi anak nelayan untuk berprofesi sebagai nelayan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dan bersifat studi kasus. data yang dikumpulkan melalui dua sumber yaitu data primer dan data sekunderdata primer adalah data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawacara langsung dan melakukan pengisisan kuisioner yang terstruktur.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keadaan sosial menyangkut tingkat pendidikan, tanggungan keluarga, transfer pengetahuan dan keterampilan, dan kesehatan sedangkan ekonomi menyangkut pendapatan, pengeluaran, modal, dan kepemilikan alat. Setelah dianalisis dengan analisis regresi berganda didapatkan hasil bahwa 0.180564 > 0,005 yang berarti motivasi anak nelayan berprofesi sebagai nelayan tidak dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan, 0.408463 > 0,05 yang berarti motivasi anak nelayan berprofesi sebagai nelayan tidak dipengaruhi oleh tanggungan keluarga, 0.06539> 0,05 yang berarti motivasi anak nelayan berprofesi sebagai nelayan tidak dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan, 0.543403 > 0,05 yang berarti motivasi anak nelayan berprofesi sebagai nelayan tidak dipengaruhi oleh kepemilikan alat.Kesimpulan bahwa motivasi anak nelayan berprofesi sebagai nelayan tidak dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, tanggungan keluarga, pendapatan, dan kepemilikan alat sehingga disarankan agar bisa mengadakan penelitian lanjutan untuk mendapatkan faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi motivasi anak nelayan berprofesi sebagai nelayan.Kata kunci :Profesi nelayan, Motivasi, Analisis Regresi Berganda, Tateli II

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBERADAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELUANG USAHA BAGI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAMPUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netti Nurlenawati
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan Universitas Buana Perjuangan (UBP) Karawang serta menganalisis dampak berdirinya UBP Karawang terhadap peluang-peluang usaha di sekitar kampus. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan fenomena secara kualitatif yang terdapat di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus tunggal (Single Case Study). Penelitian dilaksanakan di lokasi sekitar kampus UBP Karawang (radius 500 m), Desa Puseurjaya dan Sirnabaya dan Sirnabaya Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur Karawang. Dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling.. Responden terdiri dari para pedagang di sekitar kampus UBP Karawang, tokoh masyarakat, serta unsur pimpinan UBP Karawang. Sedangkan waktu penelitian mulai bulan Januari sampai dengan Agustus 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan perguruan tinggi di Puseurjaya dan Sirnabaya memberikan dampak yang positif bagi masyarakat umum yaitu pertama membuka peluang usaha sehingga banyak tenaga kerja yang terserap, baik itu membuka usaha sendiri maupun bekerja pada pengusaha lain. Kedua memunculkan motivasi bagi anak-anak setempat untuk melanjutkan pendidikan pada jenjang tertinggi, sehingga pada akhirnya nanti dapat membangun daerahnya. Walaupun peluang untuk usaha di sekitar kampus UBP Karawang sangat besar, tetapi belum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat setempat berupa rendahnya motivasi, kurangnya keberanian menanggung resiko serta kurangnya permodalan sehingga tidak dapat bersaing dengan pengusaha pendatang. Kata Kunci: dampak, perguruan tinggi, peluang usaha, masyarakat sekitar kampus. ABSTRACT THE IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY EXISTENCE IN IMPROVING BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES The objective of this research is to describe the perception of communities towards the existence of Universitas Buana Perjuangan (UBP) Karawang and to analyze the impact of UBP Karawang’s establishment in improving business opportunities around the campus. This is a descriptive-qualitative research aimed to describe the phenomenon that exists in the research location qualitatively. The research uses a single case study. The research was done around the location of UBP campus (radius of 500 m), Puseurjaya village and Sirnabaya sub-district East Telukjambe Karawang using pusposive sampling. The respondents consisted of merchants around the campus, public figures, and high officials of UBP Karawang. The research was done from January to August 2017. The result of the research suggested that the existence of a university in Puseurjaya and Sirnabaya gives a positive impact for the general communities. Firstly, giving business opportunities such that a lot of manpower are needed, either to open one’s own business of work for another entrepreneur. Secondly, giving the local children motivation to continue to higher education so that they can develop their region in the future. Although the business opportunities around UBP Karawang campus is very big, they still cannot be utilized fully by the local community. The problem faced by the local community consisting of low motivation, lacking courage to take risk, and lacking fund so that they cannot compete with the entrepreneurs that come from outside of the region. Keywords: impact, university, business opportunity, communities around university

scholarly journals “This Brings you to Life” The Impact of Friendship on Health and Well-being in Old Age: the Case of La Verneda Learning Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Susana León-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Friendship has been studied along centuries, since ancient times to present-day, as the basis of the social cornerstone, present at all stages of the lifespan and belonging to the world of truthful sentiments. Benefits of friendship on health have been demonstrated. Less is known about the role of friendship on seniors. The aim of this case study has been to show how the end friendship developed in an adults’ school operating for more than 40 years in Barcelona is having a positive impact on the well-being and health of their participants. Through the communicative discussion group, we have deepened in the trajectories of some of the school participants. The results show how participation in the school and the dialogic gatherings have contributed to the emergence of a non-instrumental friendship feeling and to consider an impact on the perceived general wellness and health and an improvement of their life quality. It is discussed how this research provides more elements to the existing literature. More research on how other communitarian environments have similar effects on this population, or on the impact of these dialogical spaces in the development of end friendships in other stages of the life cycle would be of interest.

scholarly journals Dampak Perkembangan Perumahan Terhadap Masyarakat di Sekitar Perumahan Kecamatan Baruga, Kota Kendari

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Adhitya Pratama ◽  
Sany Roychansyah ◽  
Yori Hergawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Meningkatnya kebutuhan akan tempat tinggal dan terbatasnya lahan pusat kota menggeser pembangunan perumahan ke pinggiran kota. Wilayah pinggiran kota Kendari yakni Kecamatan Baruga, mengalami perkembangan perumahan yang begitu signifikan dan sporadis. Perkembangan perumahan memicu dampak dari segi sosial, konomi, dan lingkungan terhadap masyarakat lokal di sekitar perumahan yang sudah bermukim sebelum adanya perumahan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengambarkan proses perkembangan perumahan pada Kecamatan Baruga, sekaligus mengkaji dampak perkembangan perumahan tersebut terhadap masyarakat di sekitar perumahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian campuran (mix method) yaitu penelitian yang menggambungkan antara pedekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Temuan penelitian ini adalah perkembangan perumahan pada Kecamatan Baruga dari aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan tidak memberik dampak positif terhadap masyarakat di sekitar perumahan. Namun dalam aspek sosial perkembangan perumahan berdampak positif terhadap masyarakat di sekitar perumahan. Dari sebelas indikator yang diteliti terkait dampak perkembangan perumahan terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan masyarakat sekitar perumahan. Hanya terdapat empat indikator yang berdampak positif terhadap masyarakat sekitar perumahan, yakni peningkatan kegiatan sosial, peningkatan hubungan sosial, peningkatan kualitas hidup sosial, peningkatan ketersediaan lampu jalan dan peningkatan pelayanan persampahan. Sedangkan enam indikator lainnya tidak berdampak signifikan lebih baik terhadap masyarakat sekitar perumahan yakni peningkatan pendapatan, peningkatan peluang pekerjaan, perubahan mata pencaharian, peningkatan pemamfaatan perumahan sebagai tempat usaha, peningkatan kondisi jalan, dan peningkatan kondisi drainse.Abstract: The increasing need for housing and limited land in urban center shifts housing development to the suburbs. The suburb of Kendari, Baruga District, experienced significant and sporadic housing developments. The development of housing triggers social, economic, and environmental impacts on local communities around housing that had settled before housing developed there. This research aims to describe the process of housing development in the Baruga District, as well as assess the impact of housing development on the community around the housing. The method used in this study uses a mixed method research approach, which is a research that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The findings of this study are the development of housing in Baruga Subdistrict from the economic and environmental aspects does not have a positive impact on the community around housing development. But in the social aspects of housing evelopment has a positive impact on the community around housing development. Eleven indicators examined related to the impact of housing development on social, economic and environmental conditions of the community around housing. There are only four indicators that have a positive impact on the community around housing development, which are increasing social activities, improving social relations, improving the quality of social life, increasing the availability of street lights and improving waste services. While the other six indicators did not significantly impact the community around housing development, which are increased income, increased employment opportunities, changes in livelihoods, increased use of housing as a place of business, improved road conditions, and improved drainage conditions.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN WEB INTERAKTIF KULINER NUSANTARA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL KEDAERAHAN (STUDI KASUS KULINER KHAS KABUPATEN KUDUS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Henry Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Attraction ◽  
Web Media

Development of Interactive Archipelago Culinary Web Design Based on Local Wisdom of Regionalism (Case Study of Typical Culinary of Kudus Regency). This study seeks to inventory, describe and package local cultural values related to the typical Kudus culinary, as an ingredient to be further developed in a learning model and strengthening the creative economy of UMKM in Kudus Regency. How about interactive web media about Kudus special culinary to support the UMKM creative economy in Kudus Regency. So that they know and understand interactive web media about Kudus's unique culinary efforts to support the creative economy of UMKM in Kudus Regency.Contributions to making cultural values the main attraction in the creative culinary economy can be identified local cultural values in the culinary destination. With this study, the packaging of cultural values combined with a creative economy in the culinary field is expected to boost the tourism activities sector which has a positive impact on the social, economic and cultural fields. The research method uses more concrete qualitative methods looking at the aspects studied and expected outcomes. Outputs of the Study are Nusantara Culinary Interactive Web Media Based on Local Wisdom of the Region (Typical Culinary Case Study of Kudus Regency)

scholarly journals Strategies of design for social innovation and design activism in the promotion of positive social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-373
Author(s):  
Gheysa Caroline Prado ◽  
Felipe Dalla Pria Leme ◽  
Letícia Zem Messias ◽  
Nathan Samuel da Costa Miranda ◽  
Rafaella de Bona Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Design Activism

This case study aimed at mapping initiatives of social innovation that have promoted positive social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. To this end, information about the actions and their developers were collected online and further described using the forms "Light Format" and "In-Depth Format", from the toolkit developed by the Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability (DESIS) Network. In addition, interviews with the people involved in the projects were carried out in order to obtain further details. From the promising cases mapped, 15 were selected and categorized according to their field, coverage area and target. Finally, the initiatives were assessed based on the concepts of design for social innovation (Manzini, 2008) and design activism (Fuad Luke, 2009; Thorpe, 2012). The analysis showed that whether the actions proposed had the design framework conceptions as a theoretical basis or not, the projects indeed adopted design strategies to reach their goals, leading to positive impact in the social, economic and environmental areas and thus promoted positive social capital.

scholarly journals Impacto de um curso de especialização de gestão em saúde no trabalho dos egressos

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Laerte Gontijo ◽  
Marina Nagata Ferreira ◽  
Juliano Teixeira Moraes ◽  
Sebastião Junior Henrique Duarte ◽  
Carolina Fernandes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Educación A Distancia ◽  
The Impact

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um curso de especialização em gestão em saúde no trabalho do egresso. Método: Estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa envolvendo 121 egressos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de escala validada e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e testes de associação de dados quantitativos e análise categorial temática para os qualitativos. Resultados: Foram identificados escores médios entre 4,2 e 4,6, identificando assim o impacto positivo do curso no trabalho dos egressos demonstrado pela melhor sistematização das práticas administrativas e de gestão de pessoas. Conclusões: O curso apresentou impacto positivo no trabalho dos egressos.Descritores: Gestão em saúde; Educação a Distância; Avaliação da saúde.Impact on work of a distance learning health management specialization courseObjective: To evaluate the impact of a specialization course on health management at work of the graduates. Method: Case study with quantitative and qualitative approach involving 121 graduates. Data collection was performed by applying validated scale and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive analysis and association tests of quantitative data and categorical thematic analysis were performed for the qualitative ones. Results: We identified average scores between 4.2 and 4.6, thus identifying the positive impact of the course on the work of graduates demonstrated by better systematization of administrative practices and people management. Conclusions: The course showed a positive impact on the work of graduating students.Descriptors: Health management, Education Distance, Health evalution.Impacto en el trabajo de un curso de especialización en gestión de la salud a distanciaObjetivo: evaluar el impacto de un curso de especialización en la gestión de la salud en el trabajo de los graduados. Método: Estudio de caso con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo con 121 graduados. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de escala validada y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y pruebas de asociación de datos cuantitativos y análisis temáticos categóricos para los cualitativos. Resultados: Identificamos puntajes promedio entre 4.2 y 4.6, identificando así el impacto positivo del curso en el trabajo de los graduados demostrado por una mejor sistematización de las prácticas administrativas y la gestión de personas. Conclusiones: El curso mostró un impacto positivo en el trabajo de los estudiantes graduados.Descriptores: Gestión de la salud, Educación a distancia, Evaluación en salud. 

scholarly journals Workplace preparedness for an ageing workforce: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Egdell ◽  
Gavin Maclean ◽  
Robert Raeside ◽  
Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Workplace Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ageing Workforce ◽  
Workplace Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

PurposeFor many nations, their workforces are ageing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concerns and attitudes of employers to employing older workers and what information they require.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey of workplaces was undertaken in the Fife region of Scotland, which in economic and demographic terms is representative of wider Scotland and other nations in Northern Europe. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to give insight into concerns and actions taken regarding ageing workforces.FindingsMost workplaces perceive more advantages to employing older workers than challenges. Many have adapted training and work practices, but many have not. The majority surveyed believe that existing policies and strategies are sufficient. This points to the need for national and local government and employer associations to become more active to persuade workplaces to better manage future workplaces.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralisability is problematic and the small sample restricted the scope of statistical analysis.Practical implicationsThe authors were unable to judge the severity of how an ageing workforce impacts on workplace performance, as employers found it difficult to conceptualise and identify the impact of ageing from market and economic pressures.Social implicationsResulting from population ageing the workforce of many societies are becoming older, this will impact on workplace relations and the social identity of those over the age of 50 years.Originality/valueLittle research has been undertaken to assess workplaces awareness of, and how to adapt to, an ageing workforce, and research is required to inform and guide management strategy of employers.

ON THE REGIME OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN RUSSIA AND ITS IMPACT UPON THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX, INCLUDING IN EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SPHERES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova ◽  
Mikhail Rodkin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The mode of development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and the impact of the epidemic on the areas of scientific research, education and functioning of the fuel and energy complex are discussed. The official statistics revealed evidence both of effectivity of the taken anti-epidemic measures in Moscow and of possible cases of incorrectness of statistical data. The social situation and the mode of development of the epidemic in Moscow and in the regions of Russia are essentially different, that reduces the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures introduced uniformly throughout the whole country. The conditions of the pandemic and quarantine are difficult for everyone, but organizations and persons with a more modern informational character of production adapt to them more easily. In general, it can be suggested that the epidemic besides the very essential losses gives an important impulse for social-economic and political modernization of the society.

Marital Satisfaction of Portuguese Families in Times of Social Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110098
Author(s):  
Carla Sílvia Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Magalhães ◽  
Sílvia Silva ◽  
Beatriz Edra
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global threat and crisis situation, and its wide-reaching impact has also affected marital satisfaction. Dysfunction of the marital system puts the survival of the family unit at risk. This research aimed to determine the level of marital satisfaction of Portuguese families during the social lockdown and the association between the variables under study. A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted. During the social lockdown, 276 people of Portuguese nationality and residing in Portugal were recruited using nonprobabilistic convenience sampling. Marital satisfaction in the pandemic phase showed low values that may be associated with the social, economic, and political context experienced by the pandemic situation. Future research must be carried out in order to identify, prevent, and intervene in situations of violence. In addition, future research should explore not only marital satisfaction during the current pandemic but a more systemic assessment of marital relations during crises, expanding the impact of marital satisfaction in family functioning.

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