REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, CYPERMETHRIN AND THEIR INTERACTION IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Asmaa ELnamaky ◽  
Amal Halawa ◽  
Mamdouh Abouelmaged
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Pituitary Glands

he present work was designed to investigate the reproductive toxicity induced by oral administration of chlorpyrifos (CPF), cypermethrin (CYP) and their combination in adult male albino rats. Forty mature male albino rats were separated into four groups (10 each), the first group was used as control, while second, third and fourth groups received orally 1/20 LD50 of CPF (10 mg/kg b.wt), 1/20 LD50 of CYP (17.22 mg/kg b.wt) and 1/40 LD50 of CPF plus 1/40 LD50 of CYP (5 mg/kg b.wt CPF plus 8.61 mg/kg b.wt CYP) respectively for 26 days. The results revealed that exposure to CPF and/or CYP induced a significant decrease in the reproductive organs weight. Moreover, a significant decrease in spermatic picture (sperm cell concentration and viability) was observed with high percent of sperm abnormalities. Serum levels of testosterone and pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH) have been declined significantly in all treated groups. Significant elevations were observed in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations, while antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were decreased significantly as a result of induced oxidative stress. A significant drop in prostatic acid phosphatase activity was observed. Additionally, the results showed some histopathological alterations in the reproductive organs as well as neurological lesions in brain and pituitary glands. In conclusion, CPF and CYP induce deleterious effects on reproductive efficiency of male rats which reflect more obvious impacts when both combined

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Honey, Propolis, Pollen, and Royal Jelly Mixture against Chronic Toxicity of Sumithion Insecticide in White Albino Rats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef M.K. Nassar ◽  
Yehia M.M. Salim ◽  
Khalid S.A. Eid ◽  
Hazem M. Shaheen ◽  
Abdullah A. Saati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Significant Toxicity

Sumithion (Fenitrothion) (SUM) is an organophosphorus insecticide used to combat a wide variety of plant pests. Exposure to SUM causes significant toxicity to the brain, liver, kidney, and reproductive organs through, for example, binding to DNA, and it induces DNA damage, which ends with oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the protective role of bee products: a mixture of honey, propolis, palm pollen, and royal jelly (HPPJ) against SUM-induced toxicity. Twenty-four male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were classified into four groups, each containing six rats: control (corn oil), SUM (85 mg/kg; 1/20 LD50), HPPJ, and SUM + HPPJ once daily for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were gently collected in sterilized ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for blood picture analyses and tubes without anticoagulant for serum isolation. Serum was used for assays of enzymatic and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed that SUM increased the weights of the liver, kidney, and brain as well as the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Additionally, SUM significantly increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and glucose, uric acid, and creatinine contents, while decreasing the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and total lipids and total protein content. Furthermore, because of the inclusion of phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, and sugars, the HPPJ mixture counteracted the hematological, renal, and hepatic toxicity of SUM exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of Phyllanthus amarus on Some Reproductive Indices of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. B. Ekpo ◽  
N. E. Edu ◽  
A. J. Umoyen ◽  
T. L. Thomas ◽  
S. O. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group B

Background: Medicinal plants have been a good source of drugs for humans, but chronic and prolong use of medicinal plants like Phyllanthus amarus for the treatment of malaria and other disorders are issues of concerns. This study evaluated the effect of Phyllanthus amarus on reproductive organs and sperm parameters in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy male albino rats of 12 weeks old were assigned into four groups with six rats in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental animals were orally treated with Phyllanthus amarus. Group A served as the control and was given only water and feed; Group B, C and D  received 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW of Phyllanthus amarus respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments lasted for a period of 65 days after two weeks of acclimatization. Results: The results showed statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in weight of testes and epididymes, sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count and sperm head abnormalities in male  rats treated with Phyllanthus amarus when compared to the control. The sperm pH was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by Phyllanthus amarus among the different treatment groups in the experimental animals. Conclusion: Findings from the present study indicate that Phyllanthus amarus possesses a dose-dependent anti-fertility activity in amale albino rats under a sub-chronic course of administration.

Relationships among release of prolactin, synthesis of DNA and growth of the anterior pituitary gland of the rat: effects of oestrogen and sulpiride

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Jahn ◽  
G. A. Machiavelli ◽  
L. E. Kalbermann ◽  
I. Szijan ◽  
G. E. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Synthesis

The effect of daily injections of sulpiride was compared with that of a single injection of the drug in male rats which had been treated with oestradiol diundecenoate for various periods of time. We studied the effect of the different treatments on weight of the pituitary gland, concentration of prolactin and incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in the pituitary gland and on serum levels of prolactin. Administration of the oestrogen produced a marked increase in the synthesis of DNA at day 7. The stimulation diminished at day 21 and was not significant at day 45. The maximum increase in the concentration of prolactin in serum and pituitary glands was observed during the first 7 days (approximately 400 and 150% respectively) and in the weight of the anterior pituitary gland after 21 days of treatment (approximately 107%). A single injection of sulpiride markedly stimulated the release of prolactin and the synthesis of DNA at day 7. Both these effects diminished at day 21 and disappeared by day 45. Daily injections of sulpiride also produced similar changes in the release of prolactin and in the replication of DNA. The growth of the anterior pituitary gland was greater in this group than in the rats which had been treated with oestradiol diundecenoate only. After the end of treatment with oestrogen and sulpiride the pituitary weight and the concentration of prolactin in the anterior pituitary gland diminished together with levels of prolactin and oestrogen in serum. There was a good correlation between weight of the gland and serum levels of prolactin. The results further support the idea of a mechanism which controls the proliferation of lactotrophs in which the release of the hormone is accompanied by an increase in pituitary DNA synthesis.

Protective effects of selenium and nano-selenium on bisphenol-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Khalaf ◽  
WMS Ahmed ◽  
WA Moselhy ◽  
BR Abdel-Halim ◽  
MA Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Agents

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread compound associated with the manufacture of many consumer products. The BPA-induced reproductive toxicity was reported to be mainly attributed to oxidative stress. However, the role of antioxidants usage to decrease the injurious effects of BPA, on male reproductive functions, remains to unveil. The present research is established to evaluate the role of selenium (Se) and its nano form (NSe) as protective agents to alleviate BPA-induced testicular toxicity. Ninety mature albino male rats were assigned into six equal groups: negative control; orally BPA 150 mg/kg; Se 3 mg/kg; NSe 2 mg/kg; both BPA 150 mg/kg and Se 3 mg/kg; and BPA 150 mg/kg + NSe 2 mg/kg. The experiment lasted for 70 consecutive days, and then serum was collected for estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Testicular tissues were subjected to measurement of antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and expression of some apoptotic genes. Our results reported that BPA-induced marked testicular damage evidenced by significant elevations in serum prostatic acid phosphatase activity, malondialdehyde levels, a decrease in testicular catalase activity and reduced glutathione level. Moreover, marked DNA internucleosomal fragmentation pattern as well as upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and estrogen receptor-2 NSe genes were detected. Coadministration of Se and NSe attenuated the reproductive toxicity induced by BPA via improvement of the antioxidant activity, genetic changes, and restoration of testicular tissue nearly as control one. These results indicated that both Se and NSe forms could be used as reproductive protective agents against the detrimental effect induced by BPA. However, the NSe surpassed the selenium in modulating the DNA laddering, and the studied gene expression levels, and offered a potent reproductive protection.

scholarly journals Vitamin B17 Ameliorates Methotrexate-Induced Reproductive Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Testicular Injury in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatha G. Felemban ◽  
Maha A. Aldubayan ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Ibtesam S. Almami
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Testicular Weight

Methotrexate (MTX; 4-amino-10-methylfolic acid) is a folic acid reductase inhibitor used to treat autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer. Testicular toxicity resulting from MTX is a significant side effect that may cause subsequent infertility. The present study was conducted to examine the ameliorating effects of vitamin B17 (VitB17) against testicular toxicity induced by MTX in male rats. A total of 50 male albino rats were equally divided into five groups [control group; vitamin B17 group (VitB17) administered VitB17 only; methotrexate group administered MTX only; cotreated group, (VitB17+MTX) and posttreated group (MTX+VitB17)]. In methotrexate group (MTX), a significant decrease was observed in body weight and the testicular weight, as well as the levels of plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone compared with control. The sperm count, viability, morphology index, total motility, and progressive motility also decreased in MTX rats compared with control. Furthermore, the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression, in the testicular tissue decreased in MTX compared with control. In addition, MTX caused a significant increase in DNA and tissue damage compared with control. However, VitB17 ameliorated these effects, indicating that it has a preventative and curative effect against MTX-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. The protective effect of VitB17 may be associated to its antioxidant properties as it possibly acts as a free-radical scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, as well as its protective effect on the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT.

Aflatoxin B1-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Supriya ◽  
B. P. Girish ◽  
P. Sreenivasula Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most common mycotoxins found in human foods, is principally hepatotoxic; however, it also affects reproduction. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the reproductive toxic effects and possible mechanism of action of AFB1 in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected intramuscularly with doses of 10, 20, or 50 µg AFB1/kg body weight on alternate days from 45 to 100 days of age. Significant reductions in body weights, relative weights of reproductive organs, daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, viable sperm, motile sperm, and hypoosmotic swelling-tail coiled sperm were observed. Significant decreases in testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum testosterone levels were also observed indicating decreased steroidogenesis. In silico docking studies illustrated AFB1 binds with steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein thereby affecting the transport of cholesterol into mitochondria resulting in decreased steroidogenesis.

Reproductive dysfunction after mercury exposure at low levels: evidence for a role of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1 and GPx4 in male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Martinez ◽  
Franck M. Peçanha ◽  
Daniela S. Brum ◽  
Francielli W. Santos ◽  
Jeferson L. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Male Reproductive Function

Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and mercury contamination and toxicity are serious hazards to human health. Some studies have shown that mercury impairs male reproductive function, but less is known about its effects following exposure at low doses and the possible mechanisms underlying its toxicity. Herein we show that exposure of rats to mercury chloride for 30 days (first dose 4.6 µg kg–1, subsequent doses 0.07 µg kg–1 day–1) resulted in mean (± s.e.m.) blood mercury concentrations of 6.8 ± 0.3 ng mL–1, similar to that found in human blood after occupational exposure or released from removal of amalgam fillings. Even at these low concentrations, mercury was deposited in reproductive organs (testis, epididymis and prostate), impaired sperm membrane integrity, reduced the number of mature spermatozoa and, in the testes, promoted disorganisation, empty spaces and loss of germinal epithelium. Mercury increased levels of reactive oxygen species and the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1 and GPx4. These results suggest that the toxic effects of mercury on the male reproductive system are due to its accumulation in reproductive organs and that the glutathione system is its potential target. The data also suggest, for the first time, a possible role of the selenoproteins GPx1 and GPx4 in the reproductive toxicity of mercury chloride.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective potential of Trigonella foenum graecum in deltamethrin induced albino rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Uma Nath Tripathi ◽  
Deepak Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Group I

Objective: Aim of investigation focuses attention on hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) in hepatic tissue of deltamethrin fed rats. Methods: In a 45 days treatment, rats were divided into six groups (IVI) of six animals in each, experiments were repeated thrice. Group I served as control rats; Group II received TFG dose 1 (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day); Group III received TFG dose 2 (45 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day); Group IV received deltamethrin; Group V received both deltamethrin and TFG (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day) and Group VI received both deltamethrin and TFG (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day). Results: In the present study, higher dose of TGF did not affect the levels of hepatic marker enzymes, which suggests that this dose had no toxic effect on normal rats. Significant increases in the serum levels of hepatic markers enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) were observed in deltamethrin treated rats. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were decreased in hepatic tissue of deltamethrin treated rats. Additionally, serum cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly enhanced. Co-administration of TFG and vitamin C to the group V and VI restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values. Conclusion: The result obtained from present study revealed that TFG appeared to be a promising agent for protection against deltamethrin induced hepatotoxicity.

Potential adverse effects of oseltamivir in rats: males are more vulnerable than females

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed Ali Al-Kahtani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Oseltamivir is the most widely used antiviral drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. However, not much is known about its adverse effects. The potential side effects were investigated in male and female rats (140–170 g). Oseltamivir was administered at 2.2 mg·kg–1·day–1 for 5 days. For both genders, treatment with oseltamivir resulted in significant reductions in the hepatic activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Also for both genders, oseltamivir produced modest reductions in the hepatic activities of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, quinone oxidoreductase, thioredoxin reductase, CYP1A1/2, and CYP3A, as well as hepatic glutathione content. For both genders, neither the kidney functions nor protein profile was affected by oseltamivir. Oseltamivir also caused significant elevation in serum levels of both triacylglycerols and LDL-cholesterol and in the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, in both genders. For male animals only, oseltamivir treatment elevated the serum level of total cholesterol as well as the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, and reduced the hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Oseltamivir caused oxidative stress and acute toxicity in the liver, and disrupted the cholesterol and lipid metabolism but was less likely to cause serious drug interactions. There was a sexual differentiation in these adverse effects, with adverse effects being more evident in male rats.

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