scholarly journals Physical Inactivity in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Tiffany Field
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Affective Disturbances

The prevalence of physical inactivity in youth during COVID-19 has varied across countries and depending on the age of the youth and whether the data were collected during lockdown versus non-lockdown. In studies that compared activity pre-and during COVID, activity decreased in 40-59% of youth. Several negative effects have been noted, including excessive screen time, sleep problems, over-eating, and affective disturbances. Physical inactivity was a significant correlate of all of these problems. Relatively little intervention research has been conducted, and underlying mechanisms have not been explored. As in most of the COVID-19 literature, this research has the limitations of being typically cross-sectional and self-reported.

scholarly journals Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (screen time and homework) among overweight or obese adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in Yazd, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Hadianfard ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Majid Karandish ◽  
Maryam Azhdari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passive Transportation

Abstract Background The growing number of adolescents who are overweight or obese (OW / OB) is a public concern. The present study was aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) (screen time (ST) and homework time (HT)) among Yazd OW/OB adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among 510 students aged 12-16 in Yazd, Iran. The general information, PA, and SB (ST and HT) were collected by interview based on the WHO standard questionnaire. Anthropometric data were assessed by precise instruments. Daily energy intake (Energy) was obtained from a 7-day food record. Nutritionist 4 software (version I) was run to estimate the energy. Results There was a high prevalence of SB > 2h/day (97.6), ST > 2h/day (70.3%), overweight or obesity (40%), abdominal obesity (36.9%), physical inactivity (29.8%) among the students. The younger age (p = 0.014), energy (p < 0.001), no access to the yard (p < 0.001), family size ≤ 2 (p = 0.023), passive transportation, (p = 0.001), the highest school days’ HT (p = 0.033) and SB (p = 0.021), and the highest weekends’ HT among the students were the risk factors for OW/OB. The highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of OW/OB (p < 0.001). The findings were not the same in both sexes. Compared to the normal weight students, OW / OB spent more time on school days and weekdays for ST (P <0.001), HT (P <0.001, P = 0.005) and SB (P <0.001), respectively. OW/OB students showed a higher weekends’ ST (p < 0.001) and lower HT (p = 0.048) than normal-weight students. Conclusion The prevalence of SB, ST, OW/OB, and physical inactivity were common. The school days and weekends’ HT, the school days’ SB and HT, age, energy, PA, and access to the yard, family size, and passive transportation were related to the greater chances of OW/OB students. Given that the expansion of online education and self-isolation in a new situation with COVID-19, it seems we will meet the worrying results.

Pain in cancer patients: Pain assessment both by patients and family caregivers and problems experienced by caregivers.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Ozlem Ovayolu ◽  
Nimet Ovayolu ◽  
Sema Aytac ◽  
Sibel Serce ◽  
Alper Sevinc
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Difficulty ◽  
Background Pain ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

207 Background: Pain is among the most important symptoms in terms of prevalence and a major cause of distress for cancer patients and their family caregivers. Thus, we conducted this study with the aim to compare assessment of pain among cancer patients and their caregivers and to determine the problems experienced by caregivers. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used. This study was conducted in a chemotherapy unit and an adult oncology clinic with 220 patients diagnosed with cancer who admitted to an oncology hospital and 220 caregivers. The study data was collected using a questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS where “0: no pain”, 10: severe pain”). Statistically significant levels were set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients were found to experience abdominal pain most of the time (29.1%) and their pain was intermittent (67.7%), stinging (16.4%) and lasted for 0 to 2 hours. Pain was diminished after use of analgesic in 50.5% of patients, worsened with physical activity in 17.7%, was associated with nausea in 7.7% and potent opioids were used for the relief of pain in 33.2% of patients. Pain severity as assessed by patients and their caregivers was 7.1±2.8 and 7.3±2.4 respectively and the most common pain-related problems in cancer patients were fatigue (p<0.05), loss of appetite and insomnia (p>0.05) as reported by both patients and caregivers. Compared to their caregivers, patients more frequently reported pain-associated financial constraints and negative effects of cancer pain on their work life and domestic life and family relationships, all of which were statistically significant (p<0.05). The caregivers most commonly reported fatigue (56.8%) in their role as a caregiver. The caregivers were also found to experienc sleep problems (40.9%), loss of appetite (27.7%), distress (19.1%), hopelessness (17%), economic difficulty (16.8%), problems in their own life (14.1%) and fatique (12.7%). Conclusions: Pain assessments of both patients and caregivers and seeking their input on how to manage potential pain-related problems are crucial to achieve adequate pain control and distress.

scholarly journals Subjective Happiness and Sleep in University Students with High Myopia

Psych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Ikko Iehisa ◽  
Kazuno Negishi ◽  
Reiko Sakamoto ◽  
Hidemasa Torii ◽  
Masahiko Ayaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Subjects

Purpose: Recent investigations described a host of disadvantageous myopia comorbidities including decreased QOL, depression, and sleep problems. The present study evaluated mental status and habitual sleep in young subjects with myopia based on the reported association between myopic error and psychiatric profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 153 university students using a questionnaire containing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), short morningness/eveningness questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Participants were classified as having high myopia (n = 44), mild myopia (n = 86), or no myopia (n = 23). The SHS and HADS scores in this cohort were significantly worse in the high myopia group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05, t-test). PSQI values were not significantly different among the three groups. Regression analysis correlated myopic error with poor SHS (p = 0.003), eveningness chronotype (p = 0.032), late wake-up time (p = 0.024), and late bedtime (p = 0.019). Conclusions: University students with myopia tended to be unhappy, have an eveningness chronotype, wake up late, and go to bed late compared to less myopic subjects. Optimal correction might, therefore, be beneficial to myopic students in addition to preventing progression to high myopia in early childhood to potentially avoid related negative effects on mental health and sleep habits in adolescence.

scholarly journals Measuring Physical Inactivity: Do Current Measures Provide an Accurate View of “Sedentary” Video Game Time?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fullerton ◽  
Anne W. Taylor ◽  
Eleonora Dal Grande ◽  
Narelle Berry
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Measures of screen time are often used to assess sedentary behaviour. Participation in activity-based video games (exergames) can contribute to estimates of screen time, as current practices of measuring it do not consider the growing evidence that playing exergames can provide light to moderate levels of physical activity. This study aimed to determine what proportion of time spent playing video games was actually spent playing exergames.Methods. Data were collected via a cross-sectional telephone survey in South Australia. Participants aged 18 years and above (n=2026) were asked about their video game habits, as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors. In cases where children were in the household, the video game habits of a randomly selected child were also questioned.Results. Overall, 31.3% of adults and 79.9% of children spend at least some time playing video games. Of these, 24.1% of adults and 42.1% of children play exergames, with these types of games accounting for a third of all time that adults spend playing video games and nearly 20% of children’s video game time.Conclusions. A substantial proportion of time that would usually be classified as “sedentary” may actually be spent participating in light to moderate physical activity.

scholarly journals Rising Prevalence and Neighborhood, Social, and Behavioral Determinants of Sleep Problems in US Children and Adolescents, 2003–2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal K. Singh ◽  
Mary Kay Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Over Time

We examined trends and neighborhood and sociobehavioral determinants of sleep problems in US children aged 6–17 between 2003 and 2012. The 2003, 2007, and 2011-2012 rounds of the National Survey of Children’s Health were used to estimate trends and differentials in sleep problems using logistic regression. Prevalence of sleep problems increased significantly over time. The proportion of children with <7 days/week of adequate sleep increased from 31.2% in 2003 to 41.9% in 2011-2012, whereas the prevalence of adequate sleep <5 days/week rose from 12.6% in 2003 to 13.6% in 2011-2012. Prevalence of sleep problems varied in relation to neighborhood socioeconomic and built-environmental characteristics (e.g., safety concerns, poor housing, garbage/litter, vandalism, sidewalks, and parks/playgrounds). Approximately 10% of children in neighborhoods with the most-favorable social environment had serious sleep problems, compared with 16.2% of children in neighborhoods with the least-favorable social environment. Children in neighborhoods with the fewest health-promoting amenities or the greatest social disadvantage had 37%–43% higher adjusted odds of serious sleep problems than children in the most-favorable neighborhoods. Higher levels of screen time, physical inactivity, and secondhand smoke exposure were associated with 20%–47% higher adjusted odds of sleep problems. Neighborhood conditions and behavioral factors are important determinants of sleep problems in children.

scholarly journals The influence of maternal body mass index and physical activity on select cardiovascular risk factors of preadolescent Hispanic children

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil A. Alhassan ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Deborah Slawson ◽  
Jonathan M. Peterson ◽  
Jo-Ann Marrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Maternal obesity and physical inactivity have been identified as correlates of overweight and obesity and physical inactivity in older preadolescents; however, no study has explored this relationship in Hispanic preadolescents. Furthermore, the relation between maternal physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in Hispanic preadolescents has not been examined. Purpose This study aimed to assess the associations between Hispanic mothers’ PA and body mass index (BMI) and their preadolescents’ PA, screen time, BP, and BMI. Methods Data of 118 mother-child (aged 2–10 years) dyads enrolled in a cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome in Hispanic preadolescents at a community health center in Johnson City, TN were used. Parent and child questionnaires were used to ascertain mothers’ BMI and PA and preadolescents’ PA and screen time. Preadolescents’ height, weight, and BP were measured. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between child and maternal variables, adjusting for mother’s education and the child’s sex and age. Results Pradolescents of obese mothers were more likely than preadolescents of mothers with normal weight to engage in less than three days of at least 60 min of vigorous PA per week (OR: 6.47, 95% CI [1.61–26.0]). Preadolescents whose mothers did not engage in moderate PA were more likely to engage in less than three days of at least 60 min of vigorous PA per week (OR: 2.92, CI [1.18–7.24]); and have elevated BP (OR: 2.50, 95% CI [1.02–4.53]) than preadolescents whose mothers engaged in moderate PA. Discussion Our results show a negative relationship between maternal obesity and preadolescent PA, and a positive relationship between lower maternal PA and elevated BP and lower PA in Hispanic preadolescents. This suggests that interventions aimed at improving Hispanic preadolescents’ PA and BP may use maternal PA and maternal BMI (for preadolescent PA) as a modification strategy to improve health in Hispanic preadolescents.

COVID-19 Pediatric Problems: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Field
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Receptors

COVID-19 pediatric problems have been similar to those for adults, including medical, neurological, sensory and psychological conditions, although they have typically been less prevalent and severe. The lesser severity in children may relate to their less mature viral receptors, less dysregulation of immune responses, and a lesser incidence of pre-existing comorbid conditions. This narrative review is a summary of publications found on PubMed for 2019-2021 on the prevalence of infection and the characteristics of the clinical condition that has predominated for children (multisystem inflammatory syndrome typically presenting with fever and cough in 1-5% of children between the ages of 1 and 14). Most of the extra-pulmonary symptom literature has focused on neurological, sensory and psychological conditions including headaches and loss of smell and taste as well as skin problems. The research on psychological symptoms has noted helplessness, worry and fear as well as more serious problems including anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation. These problems have been attributed to less exercise, separation from schools and peers, over-exposure to social media, already existing psychiatric disorders and chronic illnesses that have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Methodological limitations of the literature include small sample, cross-sectional studies assessing single variables in countries that experienced lockdowns early in the pandemic. And, sequelae or post-COVID problems have rarely been researched. This narrative review was intended to be a brief overview of publications on medical, neurological, sensory and psychological problems that children and adolescents have experienced during COVID-19. The review is based on some of the larger sample studies and systematic reviews that appeared on PubMed for the years 2019-2021. The terms pediatrics, children, adolescents and COVID-19 were entered and the search yielded 173 papers. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews. Case reports and non-English papers were excluded. Following these criteria, 57 papers were selected. The resulting review that reflects the current literature includes prevalence data, clinical characteristics and potential underlying mechanisms. Consistent with the aims of this review, the paper is divided into sections on medical, neurological, sensory and psychological conditions as well as COVID-19 sequelae.

scholarly journals Commuting time to work and behaviour-related health: a fixed-effect analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Jaana I Halonen ◽  
Anna Pulakka ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Hanna Laström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Commuting Time

ObjectivesLong commuting times are linked to poor health outcomes, but the evidence is mainly cross-sectional. We examined longitudinal within-individual associations between commuting time and behaviour-related health.MethodsData were from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health study. We selected workers who responded to a minimum of two surveys conducted every other year between 2008 and 2018. We included all study waves with self-reported commuting time (ie, the exposure, 1–5, 6–10, 11–15 or ≥15 hours/week), body mass index (based on weight and height), physical (in)activity, smoking, alcohol use and sleep problems (ie, the outcomes) (Nindividuals=20 376, Nobservations=46 169). We used conditional logistic regression for fixed effects analyses that controls for time-varying confounders by design. Analyses were stratified by working hours: normal (30–40 hours/week) or longer than normal (>40 hours/week) and adjusted for time dependent covariates: age, marital status, occupational position, presence of children, chronic disease, depressive symptoms, job strain and shift work.ResultsThose working >40 hours/week had higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) and sleep problems (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35) when they were commuting >5 hours/week than when they were commuting 1–5 hours/week. Among women working normal hours, longer commuting time associated with lower odds of problem drinking.ConclusionOur findings suggest that lengthy commuting time increases the risk of physical inactivity and sleep problems if individuals have longer than normal weekly working hours. Effects of work arrangements that decrease commuting time should be examined in relation to health behaviours.

scholarly journals Aggression and Violence Affecting Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tiffany Field
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sibling Violence ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Experiencing aggression and violence has long-term developmental effects. Youth have indirectly or directly experienced aggression and violence during COVID-19. Aggression and violence have been happening in communities throughout the world, and with excessive social media exposure, youth are observing violence. Partner violence has also been experienced at home along with sibling violence. Being the target of aggression/violence has been reported by youth via texting hotlines and via self and parent-report surveys. This narrative review includes summaries of this COVID-19 research as well as potential underlying mechanisms for aggression/violence including frustration and touch deprivation. Limitations of these studies include their nonrepresentative samples and cross-sectional data deriving from different pandemic periods.

scholarly journals Child and parent physical activity, sleep and screen time during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic nationally representative data and associations with mental health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Olive ◽  
Emma Sciberras ◽  
Tomer S Berkowitz ◽  
Erin Hoare ◽  
Rohan.Telford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To investigate differences in movement behaviors (physical activity, sleep, screen time) in both parents and children during the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, compared to pre-COVID-19 national data; and, estimate associations between these movement behaviors with parent and child mental health. Methods: We used cross-sectional baseline data from the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Study (CPAS; N=2,365). Participants were parents of children aged ≤18 years, residing in Australia. We drew on nationally representative pre-COVID data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N=9,438). In both studies, parents provided the same self-report measures of physical activity, sleep quality, as well as measures of child physical activity and screen time. Parents reported on their own and their child’s mental health. Results: Compared to LSAC, children in CPAS had more sleep problems (17.4% vs 8.9%, p&lt;.001) and more weekend screen time (3.98 hours vs 3.35 hours, p&lt;.001), while more parents had poor sleep quality (56.7% vs 21.0%, p&lt;.001) despite increased weekly physical activity (3.86 days vs 2.85 days, p&lt;.001). Children’s sleep problems were associated with increased depression, anxiety and irritability symptoms, after accounting for physical activity and screen time (all p&lt;.001). Poorer parent sleep quality and lower levels of physical activity were associated with poorer mental health across all indicators (all p≤.001).Conclusion: Government funded mental health programs to implement evidence-based sleep interventions for children and their parents, along with targeted messaging around physical activity should be considered to promote mental health within the family context during lockdown restrictions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document