scholarly journals Child's Right of Education in Islam and Afghan Laws

Author(s):  
Abdul Qader Nael

Childhood is an important stage of human life that has been valued in different forms by different societies and nations of the world. According to Muslim jurists, this stage of life begins from birth and continues until puberty. Afghan modern laws and many related international legal documents consider the age of 18 to be the end of childhood. Human beings at this important stage of life, called "children", have a lot of rights because of their weakness, inability to live independently, and because they need to be assisted to pass this important stage of life well and become effective persons in the society. One of the most important rights of a child is having access to a sound and effective education. Caring for this right of children is the responsibility of their parents, relatives, and the government, respectively. In view of this, Islamic Sharia and modern laws, both national and international, recognize the right to education as one of the most important rights of a child, and have enacted many legal provisions in this field and obliged the parties involved to implement them.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Lázaro Lorente ◽  
Ana Ancheta Arrabal ◽  
Cristina Pulido-Montes

There is a lack of concluding evidence among epidemiologists and public health specialists about how school closures reduce the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we attend to the generalization of this action throughout the world, specifically in its quest to reduce mortality and avoid infections. Considering the impact on the right to education from a global perspective, this article discusses how COVID-19 has exacerbated inequalities and pre-existing problems in education systems around the world. Therefore, the institutional responses to guaranteeing remote continuity of the teaching–learning process during this educational crisis was compared regionally through international databases. Three categories of analysis were established: infrastructure and equipment, both basic and computer-based, as well as internet access of schools; preparation and means of teachers to develop distance learning; and implemented measures and resources to continue educational processes. The results showed an uneven capacity in terms of response and preparation to face the learning losses derived from school closure, both in low-income regions and within middle- and high-income countries. We concluded that it is essential to articulate inclusive educational policies that support strengthening the government response capacity, especially in low-income countries, to address the sustainability of education.


2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Oleg Tkach ◽  
Оleh Batrymenko ◽  
Dmytro Nelipa ◽  
Mykola Khylko

The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.


rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sulaiman Nasir ◽  
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abdullah

The sanctity of human life is the core issue in almost all religions of the world. In the present world scenario, human beings are suffering a lot. Human life is at risk. The most important and precious figure in society is human beings as it is the greatest creature of Almighty Allah. Buddhism and Islam both emphasize the sanctity of human life. The stress laid by the teaching of Islam on the sanctity and respect of human life can be understood by the fact that Islam does not allow the killing of people who are not physically involved in the war. Islam also against suicide. Similarly, the teaching of Buddha has emphasized the holiness and sanctity of human life. According to the philosophy of non-violence in Buddhism (Ahimsa), Killing of human beings is far from Buddhist’s creed even they are against the killing of insects. In Buddhism, “The nonviolence is one of the five precepts of Dhamma, which form the right action, right views and right-thinking on Eightfold Path. This article focuses on the teaching of Buddhism and Islam, a comparative study regarding killing and suicide as these topics are closely related to the sanctity of human life.


1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Fernandes

Human rights are not a privilege conferred by the government They are every human being's entitlement by virtue of his humanity. The right to life does not depend, and must not be declared to be contingent, on the pleasure of anyone else, not even a parent or sovereign … I have no new teaching for America. I seek only to recall you to faithfulness to what you once taught the world Your nation was founded on the proposition — very old as a moral precept, but startling and innovative as political insight — that human life is a gift of immeasurable worth, and that it deserves, always and everywhere, to be treated with the utmost dignity and respect — Mother Theresa of Calcutta (1994) 1


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Cristiane Machado ◽  
Edson Francisco de Andrade

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as injunções da legislação educacional no movimento de democratização do direito à educação no Brasil. À luz da literatura da área, concebe-se a democracia e a ação colaborativa como fundamentos basilares tanto à garantia de direitos aos cidadãos, quanto à efetivação de incumbências por parte do Poder Público. Aborda-se, inicialmente, o advento da educação básica como nova configuração organizativa das etapas e modalidades de ensino obrigatórias no país. Em seguida, analisa-se os dispositivos legais que modificam, especificamente, o Título III da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDBEN, nº 9.394/1996, Do Direito à Educação e Do Dever de Educar. Os resultados do estudo reconhecem a expansão e diversificação da oferta da educação básica como construto favorável à garantia do direito à educação. Foi possível também inferir que a delimitação da obrigatoriedade e da gratuidade do ensino, ao período dos 04 aos 17 anos de idade, conforme consta na letra da lei, ao mesmo tempo em que estabelece o interstício ideal para a efetivação Do Direito à Educação, também oferece margem interpretativa para eventual flexibilização Do Dever de Educar por parte do Poder Público. Com efeito, a defesa da educação como direito humano fundamental, além de demandar o cumprimento da incumbência Estatal, constitui, sobremaneira, corresponsabilidade a ser protagonizada pela sociedade civil organizada.Palavras-chave: LDBEN/1996; Direito à educação; Dever de educar; Democratização do ensinoDEMOCRATIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO BASIC EDUCATION IN BRAZIL: some considerationsAbstractThis article aims to analyze the injunctions of educational legislation in the movement to democratize the right to education in Brazil. In the light of the literature in the area, democracy and collaborative action are conceived as basic foundations both in guaranteeing citizens' rights and in carrying out tasks on the part of the government. Initially, the advent of basic education is approached as a new organizational configuration of the stages and modalities of compulsory education in the country. Then, the legal provisions that specifically modify Title III of the Law of Directives and Bases of Education are analyzed National - LDBEN, nº 9.394 / 1996, From the Right to Education and the Duty to Educate. The results of the study recognize the expansion and diversification of the offer of basic education as a construct favorable to guaranteeing the right to education. It was also possible to infer that the delimitation of mandatory and free education, from 4 to 17 years of age, as stated in the letter of the law, while establishing the ideal interstice for the realization of the Right to Education, also it offers an interpretive margin for eventual flexibility of the Duty to Educate by the Public Power. Indeed, the defense of education as a fundamental human right, in addition to demanding compliance with the State's mandate, is, above all, co-responsibility to be played by organized civil society.Keywords: LDBEN / 1996; Right to education; Duty to educate; Democratization of educationDEMOCRATIZACIÓN DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA EN BRASIL: algunas consideracionesResumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los mandatos de la legislación educativa en el movimiento para democratizar el derecho a la educación en Brasil. A la luz de la literatura en el área, la democracia y la acción colaborativa se conciben como pilares básicos tanto en la garantía de los derechos ciudadanos como en el desempeño de las tareas de gobierno. Inicialmente se aborda el advenimiento de la educación básica como una nueva configuración organizativa de las etapas y modalidades de la educación obligatoria en el país, luego se analizan las disposiciones legales que modifican específicamente el Título III de la Ley de Directrices y Bases de la Educación. Nacional - LDBEN, nº 9.394 / 1996, Del derecho a la educación y el deber de educar. Los resultados del estudio reconocen la expansión y diversificación de la oferta de educación básica como un constructo favorable para garantizar el derecho a la educación. También se pudo inferir que la delimitación de la educación obligatoria y gratuita, de los 4 a los 17 años, como se establece en la letra de la ley, al tiempo que se establece el intersticio ideal para la realización del Derecho a la Educación, también ofrece un margen interpretativo para una eventual flexibilización del Deber de Educar por parte del Poder Público. En efecto, la defensa de la educación como derecho humano fundamental, además de exigir el cumplimiento del mandato del Estado, es, ante todo, una corresponsabilidad de la sociedad civil organizada.Palabras clave: LDBEN / 1996; Derecho a la educación; Deber de educar; Democratización de la educación


2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Geith ◽  
Karen Vignare

One of the key concepts in the right to education is access: access to the means to fully develop as human beings as well as access to the means to gain skills, knowledge and credentials. This is an important perspective through which to examine the solutions to access enabled by Open Educational Resources (OER) and online learning. The authors compare and contrast OER and online learning and their potential for addressing human rights “to” and “in” education. The authors examine OER and online learning growth and financial sustainability and discuss potential scenarios to address the global education gap.


Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
TUMMALA. SAI MAMATA

A river flows serenely accepting all the miseries and happiness that it comes across its journey. A tree releases oxygen for human beings despite its inner plights. The sun is never tired of its duty and gives sunlight without any interruption. Why are all these elements of nature so tuned to? Education is knowledge. Knowledge comes from learning. Learning happens through experience. Familiarity is the master of life that shapes the individual. Every individual learns from nature. Nature teaches how to sustain, withdraw and advocate the prevailing situations. Some dwell into the deep realities of nature and nurture as ideal human beings. Life is a puzzle. How to solve it is a million dollar question that can never be answered so easily. The perception of life changes from individual to individual making them either physically powerful or feeble. Society is not made of only individuals. Along with individuals it has nature, emotions, spiritual powers and superstitious beliefs which bind them. Among them the most crucial and alarming is the emotions which are interrelated to others. Alone the emotional intelligence is going to guide the life of an individual. For everyone there is an inner self which makes them conscious of their deeds. The guiding force should always force the individual to choose the right path.  Writers are the powerful people who have rightly guided the society through their ingenious pen outs.  The present article is going to focus on how the major elements bound together are dominating the individual’s self through Rabindranath Tagore’s Home and the World (1916)


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Penumadu V. Raveendra ◽  
Yellappa M. Satish

BACKGROUND: Many companies are forced to restructure themselves by right sizing due to unexpected fall in demand for their products and services created by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID 19 not only affected the health of human beings but also their wealth across the world. Global economic parameters are showing a sign of positive growth with decreased number of COVID 19 cases across the world. Many companies are in a dilemma to rehire their former employees or to hire the new candidates to meet the increased demand. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of study are i) to analyze the key drivers for boomerang hiring and ii) to develop a conceptual process for boomerang hiring. METHODS: An exploratory methodology was designed to identify the key drivers of boomerang hiring by studying the various successful stories of those companies which had rehired their former employees. Various papers were reviewed to develop the process for boomerang hiring. RESULTS: Study showed that knowledge about the culture of the company, cost of hiring, morale booster for the existing employees, and customer retention, are the key drivers for boomerang hiring. This hiring process requires special skills from HR Managers, as this decision will impact long term success of the company. CONCLUSION: The process of boomerang hiring cannot be standardized as each organization culture is different and companies cannot have the same strategy for each candidate as every individual is different. Boomerang hiring will work as the right strategy during pandemic situation as former employees would have built relations with the customers. The customers will be happy to see the former employees who had served them better.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Mohapatra

Long before India gained independence, M.K. Gandhi remarked that the availability of Sanitation facility is more important than gaining Independence for an Indian. Of late, it is now increasingly felt and realized in India that facilities like toilet, safe drinking water, accompanied by good hygienic conditions are fundamental necessities of a person. These are prerequisites of social and economic justice and genuine development. The Supreme Court of India in one judgement held that Right to life and personal liberty, should include right to privacy and human dignity etc. Despite that it has been an admitted shame that India still has the largest number of people defecating in open in the world. There are reported incidences of rape and murder of women in many places in India as women rely on open field for attending to the call of nature in morning and evening. The attempts like Community toi-let system, pay-and-use toilet system and schemes like ‘Mo Swabhiman -Mo Paikhana’ have been found to be less effective. In this connection the ‘Clean India Mission’ campaign launched by the Government of India in 2014 has been regarded as a right approach in that direction. Government of the day is actively considering the demand to convert the Right to Sanitation from a developmental right to a fundamental right. It would make the state more accountable and responsible. Against this background, the paper argues that spending huge money on that would yield good dividend in future for the country.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Fazlollah Foroughi ◽  
Zahra Dastan

Due to quantitative expansion and evolution in committing the crime at the international level, the scope of criminal proceedings has been widened significantly. Tolerance and forgiveness towards crimes that happen at international level not only is a double oppression on the victims, but also provide a fertile context for others to commit crimes more daringly. Thus, it is essential that international criminals are held accountable to the law and competent institution, and the realization of this issue leads to the victim satisfaction in international law. Not only in international law, but also in domestic law, show respect and protection of human rights is effective only when there is an effective justice system to guarantee the rights. Although some international crimes practically occur by the government or at least high-ranking government officials, the Statute of the International Criminal Court has reiterated this point that they only have jurisdiction over the crimes committed by natural persons rather than legal entities, which one good example is governments, and although the real victims of these crimes have been human beings, in the case of action and referring the case to the competent international courts, these are the states (rather than the victims) that actually have the right of access to the authorities and not beneficiaries .Thus, at the first step, we should see whether the Court has jurisdiction over the crime committed by the government and whether people can file an action independently in the International Criminal Court or not? When people, rather than governments, are beneficiaries in some international crimes, why only the government and not the people is the plaintiff? And what is the right of the victim in such category of crimes? Accordingly, the current research seeks to examine these rights and restrictions, and relevant limitations.


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