scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT TERTIARY HEALTH CENTER

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Atul Kumar Anand ◽  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor School Performance ◽  
Concave Lens ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Group 5

Refractive error is the most common ocular morbidity worldwide. Throughout the world the main causes of visual impairment are uncorrected refractive errors 43% followed by cataract 33% and glaucoma in 3 % cases. Children being unaware of their problem do not complain about it. Untreated refractive error can lead to amblyopia and poor school performance which in long run can lead to considerable impact on child’s future. A Hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted in the ophthalmology department of NMCH, Patna, Bihar. Total 612 children of age group 5 to 16 years coming to the OPD were enrolled in the study. Myopia is the most common refractive error in childhood. It is corrected by using concave lens. Other types of refractive errors are hypermetropia and astigmatism. Uncorrected refractive errors among children have considerable impact on their learning & academic achievements. So, screening is the only way for early detection of refractive errors. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent onset of amblyopia & visual disability.

scholarly journals Refractive error in school children in Agona Swedru, Ghana

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
R. Assien
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Directorate ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Education Authority

Uncorrected refractive errors remains a public health problem among different population groups. Among schoolchildren, uncorrected refractive errors have a considerable impact on learning andacademic achievement especially in underserved and under-resourced communities. A school based cross-sectional study was carriedout to estimate the prevalence and distribution of refractive error among schoolchildren in the Agona Swedru municipality of Central Region of Ghana. 637 schoolchildren aged 11-18 years old were randomly selected for the study. Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed on each child who failed the reading test. Hyperopia was defined as spherical power of ≥ + 0.75 D, myopia as ≤ – 0.50 D and astigmatism as a cylindrical power of ≤ – 0.50 D. Of the children examined, only 13.3% had previously had an eye examination.Visual impairment (VA of 6/12 or worse in the better eye) was present in 4.5% of the children examined. Of those who failed the reading test, 85.9% had refractive error. The prevalence of hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism was 5.0%, 1.7% and 6.6% respectively. The study concludes that uncorrected refractive error is a common cause of visual impairment among schoolchildren in the municipality. A low uptake of eye care is also noted in the study. The study therefore recommends that the education authority in collaboration with the District Health Directorate institute appropriate measures to ensure compulsory eye examination for schoolchildren in the Agona Swedru district. (S Afr Optom 2010 69(2) 86-92)

scholarly journals Refractive Errors and its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Medical Students in Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Aparna Rizyal ◽  
JS Sunrait ◽  
A Mishal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Medical College

 Refractive error is a defect in the optical system of the eye which prevents light from being brought to a single point focus on the retina, thus reducing normal vision. This optical defect is the second most common cause of visual impairment globally as well in Nepal. At present, there are 285 million visually impaired people in the world. An estimated 4 out of 5 visual impairment (80%) can be prevented or cured, uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause (42%) followed by cataract (33%). A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to determine the proportion of undergraduate medical students with refractive errors in Nepal Medical College, and to identify factors associated with it. A total of 210 medical students volunteered for this study, with 100 males (47.6%) and 110 females (52.4%). The age of these students were between 18 to 26 years, with an average of 20.5 years. The proportion of medical students with refractive error was slightly more than half (51.4%), with simple myopia being the leading type (42.9%), followed by astigmatism (7.1%) and simple hypermetropia (1.4%). Parental history of refractive error was observed to be significantly associated with that of the medical students. There was also a significant association between refractive error and the daily use of mobile phones and laptops. However, years spent in medical education were not observed to be significant.

scholarly journals Association between Refractive Error Types and Asthenopia in Primary School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Vanessa Kuswanto ◽  
◽  
Felicia Kurniawan ◽  
Angela Shinta Dewi Amita
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Snellen Chart

Refractive error is a condition in which the cornea and lens fail to focus the light, resulting in reduced visual efficiency. Twelve million children are experiencing refractive errors worldwide and uncorrected refractive errors in children have been reported to cause asthenopia. This study aimed to determine the association between the types of refractive errors and asthenopia in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 111 students aged 10-13 years old in a public elementary school in Indonesia, SDN Penjaringan 10, in 2019. A questionnaire was used to assess asthenopia and the Snellen Chart, trial frames, and trial lenses were used for refractive errors examination. It was demonstrated that 87.4% of respondents experienced asthenopia, and 53.2% of respondents suffered from uncorrected refractive errors, mostly due to myopia. Fisher’s exact test results showed an association between refractive errors and asthenopia (p=0.019) with all myopic students experienced asthenopia. However, there was no significant association between astigmatism and asthenopia (p=0.754). In conclusion, not all types of refractive errors are associated with asthenopia.

scholarly journals Profile of refractive errors and amblyopia in 5-15 yrs of school going children at a Union territory tertiary health centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1929
Author(s):  
Ezhilvathani N. ◽  
Suruthi P. ◽  
Jeiganesh M.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Poor vision in childhood affects performance in school and has a significant impact on future life of child in terms of education and development. Current study aims at detecting the magnitude and patterns of refractive errors with amblyopia screening so that effective measures can be planned at the right time to minimize the burden.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study conducted on 200 children between 5-15 years attending the ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary health care centre, Puducherry. Interpretation and data analysis were done by SPSS software version 13.0.Results: Mean age of presentation was 9 years. Female to male ratio in the present study was 1.3:1. Positive family history was noted among 48 children suggesting strong impact of genetic factor in refractive errors. Among 20 children who were already on spectacle correction, the most common refractive error was compound myopic astigmatism. Among 30 children who were diagnosed with amblyopia, 8 children below 8 years of age had improved vision on 1 month follow up of post treatment with spectacles and occlusion therapy and 22 children did not show improvement suggesting amblyopia can be corrected if intervention was instituted before the age of 8 years.Conclusions:Refractive errors with or without amblyopia is a significant cause of childhood visual impairment. Though it is a hospital-based study, the results were in consistent with previously published hospital and population based study. This study also expected to serve as a tool for primary health care physicians to have an overview of magnitude and patterns of refractive errors in children presenting to hospital since refractive error is a significant public health problem worldwide.Background: Poor vision in childhood affects performance in school and has a significant impact on future life of child in terms of education and development. Current study aims at detecting the magnitude and patterns of refractive errors with amblyopia screening so that effective measures can be planned at the right time to minimize the burden.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study conducted on 200 children between 5-15 years attending the ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary health care centre, Puducherry. Interpretation and data analysis were done by SPSS software version 13.0.Results: Mean age of presentation was 9 years. Female to male ratio in the present study was 1.3:1. Positive family history was noted among 48 children suggesting strong impact of genetic factor in refractive errors. Among 20 children who were already on spectacle correction, the most common refractive error was compound myopic astigmatism. Among 30 children who were diagnosed with amblyopia, 8 children below 8 years of age had improved vision on 1 month follow up of post treatment with spectacles and occlusion therapy and 22 children did not show improvement suggesting amblyopia can be corrected if intervention was instituted before the age of 8 years.Conclusions: Refractive errors with or without amblyopia is a significant cause of childhood visual impairment. Though it is a hospital-based study, the results were in consistent with previously published hospital and population based study. This study also expected to serve as a tool for primary health care physicians to have an overview of magnitude and patterns of refractive errors in children presenting to hospital since refractive error is a significant public health problem worldwide.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Refractive Errors In School Going Children In Rural And Urban Areas -A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Dr. Chimata Triveni ◽  
◽  
Dr. Tirumuru Divya ◽  
Dr. Ponna Rama Devi ◽  
Dr. N. Lakshmi Chowdary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Introduction: Visual impairment affects students’ routine schoolwork and day-to-day activities.Hence, the aim is to study the prevalence of various refractive errors and their comparison amongschool children of 5-15 years in rural and urban areas. Methods: This cross-sectional studyexamined 998 students from both rural and urban schools. After obtaining ethical clearance andinformed consent, students were examined for refractive errors. The students with the refractiveerror were given a socio-demographic questionnaire and questionnaire regarding their usage oftelevision, computer, and family history of refractive errors. A Chi-square test was used to test thestatistical significance of proportions. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, anddata were analyzed by using coGuide software, V.1.03 Results: The prevalence of refractive errorwas found to be 6.41 %, with a prevalence of 7.61% in urban and 5.21% in rural areas. Thedifference in the type of refractive error between the study groups was found to be insignificant,with P= 0.897. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive errors was more in urban school children thanrural. Refractive error was more prevalent in 13-15 years age group in both rural and urban schoolchildren. The most common refractive error was myopia, followed by astigmatism andhypermetropia.

scholarly journals Types and Presentation of Refractive Error among Individuals Aged 0–30 Years: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tawfik Saleh Mohammed Dhaiban ◽  
Femina Purakaloth Ummer ◽  
Hanan Khudadad ◽  
Shajitha Thekke Veettil
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Background. Refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its proportion varied among societies and is considered as a public health challenge. Symptoms and signs associated with refractive errors are the most worrisome and common presentations in the general practice in eye clinics. Aim. The goal of this study was to determine the types and presentations of refractive error among the 0–30-year-old Yemeni population to aid early identification, diagnosis, referral, and treatment. Methodology. A cross-sectional study including 1,500 out-patients aged from 0 to 30 years attending the ophthalmology clinic in Sanaa, Yemen (between 2012 and 2015). All patients underwent visual acuity examination, autorefractometer, and anterior and posterior segment examination and were grouped according to type, that is, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Results. Hyperopia was the most common single diagnosis (53.3%) followed by myopia (33.3%). Astigmatism was uncommon as a single diagnosis (13.4%) but commonly associated with hyperopia or myopia. Myopia was more common in males (42.9%) than in females (25%). Hyperopia was more in females (62.5%) than in males (42.9%). Age groups most affected by refractive errors were 13–18 years (27.7%), 19–24 years (24.8%), and 25–30 years (24.6%), respectively. Decreased vision (53%) was a common presentation in myopia and astigmatism (41.5%) and less in hyperopia (39.6%). Headache was common in astigmatism (56%), hyperopia (28.8%), and myopia (17.8%). Muscle imbalance, namely, exotropia (27.2%), is mainly found in myopia and esotropia (24.3%) in hyperopia. Conclusions. In addition to decreased vision, our patients with refractive errors mostly complain of headaches with clear variations with age and type of refractive error. Early identification and proper categorization of refractive errors by age, gender, and other demographics by general physicians in primary care can better deduce and make useful referrals to eye specialists.

scholarly journals Magnitude of refractive errors in children in tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Srijana Thapa Godar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of the visual impairment and second leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of the study was to determine the mag­nitude of refractive errors in children. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 254 children attending Ophthalmology OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The children whose visual acuity was worse than 6/6 but improved with pinhole were included in this study. Vision test, retinoscopy and subjective refraction was done in all subjects and cycloplegic refraction was done when needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Epi-info version 7. Results: The commonest type of refractive error was astigmatism (46.06%) followed by myopia (42.31%). Majority of children had low grade of refractive errors (46.85%). Among the children, “with the rule astigmatism” was maximum (27.56%). Majority of children were in the age between 11 to 15 years (77.95%). The refractive error was seen more in female (63.78%). Among the chil­dren of refractive errors, 29.13% had family history, 33.46% had given the history of wearing spec­tacles and 10.24% children had amblyopia. There was statistically significant association between refractive errors and age groups, history of wearing spectacles, amblyopia and grading of refractive errors. However, there was no statistically significant association of refractive error with gender, residence and family history. Conclusions: Astigmatism was the common type of refractive error followed by myopia. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of refractive error in children.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of refractive error and its associated factors among school children in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
M. Megala ◽  
S. Dhamodharan ◽  
M. Duraimurugan ◽  
K. Chellavel Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
History Of

Background: Refractive error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment. Children do not complain of defective vision. This warrants early detection and treatment. The study was conducted with the objective of estimating the prevalence of refractive error in school children and its associated factors.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in schools of selected district in Tamil Nadu from July 2017 to January 2018. Sample size of 422 covered. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the details and also screened for refractive errors. Data was analysed using SPSS.Results: Among the 422 students screened, 86 (20.4%) had refractive error. The prevalence of refractive error showed significant association with age, education and occupation of parents, socio economic status, parental history of refractive error, duration of watching television and body mass index.Conclusions: Refractive errors among school children can be easily identified by regular eye screening programmes, promptly treated can be protected from future complications. Periodic screening of school children is very essential to improve the quality of eye-sight.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Refractive Errors in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2249-2253
Author(s):  
Krithiga M ◽  
Xavier Jayaseelan C
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Eye Examination

The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in children. Children of selected ages will be identified for visual acuity measurement, and primary eye examination will be performed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the refractive errors in children in Saveetha medical college. A comprehensive eye examination was performed, and children with different types of refractive errors were found out. A total of 100 children were taken for the study. The sample size of the study is 100. Eye examination was performed, and refractive error was evaluated. The refractive errors that are most common in the affected age groups can be found out. The most common refractive error was found to be myopia, followed by hypermetropia and then astigmatism. This study helps to identify the most common type of error, and the causes can be found out. This is also helpful in the prevention of these errors. Early diagnosis will lead to proper and effective treatment. When these errors are left untreated, it can cause other severe effects in the eye. Awareness should be created among both the children and the parents about this problem, and the importance of regular eye examination can be stressed through this study.

scholarly journals Assessment of pattern of refractive errors in infantile esotropia- A single-center cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Memon ◽  
Naman Akhtar ◽  
Mehak Nazeer ◽  
Nabila Noor ◽  
Kanwal Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infantile Esotropia ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

This was a cross-sectional study conducted to explore the patterns of refractive errors found in infantile esotropia patients from newborns to the age of 15 years, attending the Pediatric clinic of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Data was collected on a pre-designed proforma.  A total of 79 patients (total of 158 eyes) including 44 males (55%) and 36 females (45%) were recruited. All these patients had infantile esotropia. The study showed out of 79 patients (158 eyes), 89 eyes had hyperopia, 15 eyes had myopic astigmatism, 44 eyes had hyperopic astigmatism, while 4 eyes had mixed astigmatism, and 6 eyes had myopia. The hypermatropia was found to be the most commonly occurring refractive error in infantile esotropia resulting in inward eye deviation.

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