scholarly journals STUDY OF ASSOCIATION OF INTESTINAL PREVOTELLA IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sabarish Vs
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Prevotella Species ◽  
Stool Samples

BACKGROUND: - Despite being highly prevalent and highly studied autoimmune disease, the etiology for the autoimmunity in Rheumatoid arthritis is not known. One of the recent advances being the role of gut microbiota. The primary objective of this study is to explore the association of Prevotella copri species in the gut microbiota in untreated Rheumatoid arthritis patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:-To study the association of Prevotella copri in the gut microbiota in untreated Rheumatoid Arthritis patients MATERIALAND METHODS: Stool samples were collected from controls and new onset, untreated Rheumatoid arthritis patients in reduced transport fluid (RTF) and were subjected to anaerobic culture in Kanamycin-Vancomycin blood agar to identify Prevotella species based on colony morphology and biochemical tests. Inoculated plates were incubated anaerobically by gas pak method for 72 hours. Also, broadband PCR was run on stool samples collected in RTF for detection of 16S RNA of Prevotella species and the samples which test positive were further subjected to specific PCR with another set of internal primers to detect 16S RNA of Prevotella copri. HiPurATM Stool DNA Purification Kit (#MB544 HIMEDIA) was used for extraction of bacterial genome. Separation of genomic DNAwas done using agarose gel electrophoresis. 2 sets of primers were used among which one is universal primer for bacterial species i.e., 16S rDNA to validate the sample or DNA for bacterial genomic study. Another primer mix specific to Prevotella copri was procured from Helini Biosciences along with positive control for Prevotella copri to identify samples positive for Prevotella copri. RESULTS:- Stool samples were collected from 30 cases and 25 healthy controls and were subjected to PCR and culture. Anaerobic culture showed no growth of Prevotella. PCR studies showed 19(63%) cases being positive for Prevotella copri nucleic acid whereas only 7(28%) samples were positive in controls. CONCLUSION: - Intestinal Prevotella copri was found in significant number of cases of Rheumatoid arthritis compared to controls (p value: 0.009) indicating the alteration in gut microbiota in cases, which could be the reason for priming of autoimmunity in Rheumatoid arthritis

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Composition Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
Mohamed Mannaa ◽  
Yunkyung Kim ◽  
Jehun Kim ◽  
Geun-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the gut microbiota composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA). Stool samples from nine RA patients and nine OA patients were collected, and DNA was extracted. The gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The structures and differences in the gut microbiome between RA and OA were analyzed. The analysis of diversity revealed no differences in the complexity of samples. The RA group had a lower Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio than did the OA group. Lactobacilli and Prevotella, particularly Prevotella copri, were more abundant in the RA than in the OA group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium was lower in the RA group. At the species level, the abundance of certain bacterial species was significantly lower in the RA group, such as Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Dialister invisus, Clostridium leptum, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Harryflintia acetispora, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Christensenella minuta. The microbial properties of the gut differed between RA and OA patients, and the RA dysbiosis revealed results similar to those of other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that a specific gut microbiota pattern is related to autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation in a Child: How a Nematode Can Affect Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Stefania Pane ◽  
Anna Sacco ◽  
Andrea Iorio ◽  
Lorenza Romani ◽  
Lorenza Putignani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis and characterized by gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement. We report a pediatric case of strongyloidiasis to underline the response of the host microbiota to the perturbation induced by the nematode. Methods: We performed a 16S rRNA-metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of a 7-year-old female during and after S. stercolaris infection, investigating three time-point of stool samples’ ecology: T0- during parasite infection, T1- a month after parasite infection, and T2- two months after parasite infection. Targeted-metagenomics were used to investigate ecology and to predict the functional pathways of the gut microbiota. Results: an increase in the alpha-diversity indices in T0-T1 samples was observed compared to T2 and healthy controls (CTRLs). Beta-diversity analysis showed a shift in the relative abundance of specific gut bacterial species from T0 to T2 samples. Moreover, the functional prediction of the targeted-metagenomics profiles suggested an enrichment of microbial glycan and carbohydrate metabolisms in the T0 sample compared with CTRLs. Conclusions: The herein report reinforces the literature suggestion of a putative direct or immune-mediated ability of S. stercolaris to promote the increase in bacterial diversity.

Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with TCM Qi-Yin Deficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jiabin Chen ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Jianfei Shen ◽  
Qinqin Hu ◽  
Yongjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Yin Deficiency ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Tcm Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome (QY) is the most common Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in ADC patients with QY syndrome. 90 stool samples, including 30 healthy individuals (H), 30 ADC patients with QY syndrome, and 30 ADC patients with another syndrome (O) were collected. Then, 16s-RNA sequencing was used to analyze stool samples to clarify the structure of gut microbiota, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was applied to identify biomarkers for ADC with QY syndrome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a diagnostic model for the diagnosis of QY syndrome in ADC patients, which was assessed with the AUC. Finally, 20 fecal samples (QY: 10; O: 10) were analyzed with Metagenomics to validate the diagnostic model. The [Formula: see text] diversity and [Formula: see text] diversity demonstrated that the structure of gut microbiota in the QY group was different from that of the H group and O group. In the QY group, the top 3 taxonomies at phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and at genus level were Faecalibacterium, Prevotella_9, and Bifidobacterium. LEfSe identified Prevotella_9 and Streptococcus might be the biomarkers for QY syndrome. A diagnostic model was constructed using those 2 genera with the AUC = 0.801, similar to the AUC based on Metagenomics (0.842). The structure of gut microbiota in ADC patients with QY syndrome was investigated, and a diagnostic model was developed for the diagnosis of QY syndrome in ADC patients, which provides a novel idea for the understanding and diagnosis of TCM syndrome.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Multi-Omics Study of a Mother-Infant Dyad from Breastfeeding to Weaning: An Individualized Approach to Understand the Interactions Among Diet, Fecal Metabolome and Microbiota Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Conta ◽  
Federica Del Chierico ◽  
Sofia Reddel ◽  
Federico Marini ◽  
Fabio Sciubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Stool Samples

The development of the human gut microbiota is characterized by a dynamic sequence of events from birth to adulthood, which make the gut microbiota unique for everyone. Its composition and metabolism may play a critical role in the intestinal homeostasis and health. We propose a study on a single mother-infant dyad to follow the dynamics of an infant fecal microbiota and metabolome changes in relation to breast milk composition during the lactation period and evaluate the changes induced by introduction of complementary food during the weaning period. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was performed on breast milk and, together with 16S RNA targeted-metagenomics analysis, also on infant stool samples of a mother-infant dyad collected over a period running from the exclusive breastfeeding diet to weaning. Breast milk samples and neonatal stool samples were collected from the 4th to the 10th month of life. Both specimens were collected from day 103 to day 175, while from day 219–268 only stool samples were examined. An exploratory and a predictive analysis were carried out by means of Common component and specific weight analysis and multi-block partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. Stools collected during breastfeeding and during a mixed fruit/breastfeeding diet were characterized by high levels of fucosyl-oligosaccharides and glycolysis intermediates, including succinate and formate. The transition to a semi-solid food diet was characterized by several changes in fecal parameters: increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, including acetate, propionate and butyrate, dissapearance of HMOs and the shift in the community composition, mainly occurring within the Firmicutes phylum. The variations in the fecal metabolome reflected the infant’s diet transition, while the composition of the microbiota followed a more complex and still unstable behavior.

Role of the oral and gut microbiota as a biomarker in locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (ROMA LA-OPSCC).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6045-6045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Oliva Bernal ◽  
Pierre H.H. Schneeberger ◽  
Rachel Taylor ◽  
Victor Rey ◽  
Aaron Richard Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Tumor Metastases ◽  
Associated Species

6045 Background: The ROMA LA-OPSCC ( NCT03759730) study prospectively evaluated the oral and gut microbiota in a single-centre cohort of LA-OPSCC patients (pts) receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: LA-OPSCC pts treated with definitive CRT (IMRT plus single-agent cisplatin) were eligible. Oral swabs over the tumor site and stool samples were collected at baseline and end of CRT (EOT). Taxonomic profiles were generated by 16S rRNA sequencing. ANOSIM/Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences between baseline and EOT samples. Results: A total of 96 samples were collected from 24 evaluable pts (100% compliance). Baseline characteristics: median age = 61 (range, 50-71); smoking status current/former/never = 5/11/8; HPV+/- = 23/1; stage I/II/III/IVA = 7/7/9/1; use of antibiotics = 12 pts. In oral swabs, decreased Shannon diversity ( p< 0.01) and changes in abundance (adjusted p value: q< 0.05) of multiple taxa including Prevotella, Veillonella, and Streptococcuswere observed at EOT vs baseline. Stool diversity did not differ between baseline and EOT ( p= 0.42), but abundance of Ruminoccocus and Roseburia decreased ( q< 0.05). CRT-associated changes remained significant when controlled for stage, smoking, antibiotics, cisplatin dose and mucositis grade ( p< 0.01). In HPV+ pts, stage I-II baseline oral swabs had higher relative abundance of Clostridium IV ( p= 0.02) and Escherichia ( p= 0.04) than stage III, which had higher Fusobacterium ( p =0.03) and Gemella ( p< 0.01). Relative abundance of Actinobacteria (p < 0.01), Proteobacteria (p < 0.01) and Firmicutes (p = 0.03) was higher in stool from stage III pts . Akkermansia muciniphila was present in 57% of the stage I-II stool samples, and 11% in stage III ( p= 0.04). Conclusions: CRT in LA-OPSCC is associated with increases in potentially pathogenic genera in the oropharynx. HPV+ stage III disease was associated with higher Fusobacterium in the oropharynx, which has been implicated in tumor metastases, and with decreased prevalence of the immunotherapy-response-associated species Akkermansia in stool. These preliminary observations suggest an opportunity for the evaluation of IO based therapies or manipulation of the gut microbiota in this patient population. Clinical trial information: NCT03759730.

scholarly journals In Vivo Targeting of Clostridioides difficile Using Phage-Delivered CRISPR-Cas3 Antimicrobials

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Selle ◽  
Joshua R. Fletcher ◽  
Hannah Tuson ◽  
Daniel S. Schmitt ◽  
Lana McMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen that causes approximately 500,000 cases of C. difficile infection (CDI) and 29,000 deaths annually in the United States. Antibiotic use is a major risk factor for CDI because broad-spectrum antimicrobials disrupt the indigenous gut microbiota, decreasing colonization resistance against C. difficile. Vancomycin is the standard of care for the treatment of CDI, likely contributing to the high recurrence rates due to the continued disruption of the gut microbiota. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics that can prevent and treat CDI and precisely target the pathogen without disrupting the gut microbiota. Here, we show that the endogenous type I-B CRISPR-Cas system in C. difficile can be repurposed as an antimicrobial agent by the expression of a self-targeting CRISPR that redirects endogenous CRISPR-Cas3 activity against the bacterial chromosome. We demonstrate that a recombinant bacteriophage expressing bacterial genome-targeting CRISPR RNAs is significantly more effective than its wild-type parent bacteriophage at killing C. difficile both in vitro and in a mouse model of CDI. We also report that conversion of the phage from temperate to obligately lytic is feasible and contributes to the therapeutic suitability of intrinsic C. difficile phages, despite the specific challenges encountered in the disease phenotypes of phage-treated animals. Our findings suggest that phage-delivered programmable CRISPR therapeutics have the potential to leverage the specificity and apparent safety of phage therapies and improve their potency and reliability for eradicating specific bacterial species within complex communities, offering a novel mechanism to treat pathogenic and/or multidrug-resistant organisms. IMPORTANCE Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Current therapies based on broad-spectrum antibiotics have some clinical success, but approximately 30% of patients have relapses, presumably due to the continued perturbation to the gut microbiota. Here, we show that phages can be engineered with type I CRISPR-Cas systems and modified to reduce lysogeny and to enable the specific and efficient targeting and killing of C. difficile in vitro and in vivo. Additional genetic engineering to disrupt phage modulation of toxin expression by lysogeny or other mechanisms would be required to advance a CRISPR-enhanced phage antimicrobial for C. difficile toward clinical application. These findings provide evidence into how phage can be combined with CRISPR-based targeting to develop novel therapies and modulate microbiomes associated with health and disease.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Imbalance is Related to Sporadic Colorectal Neoplasms. A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Polimeno ◽  
Michele Barone ◽  
Adriana Mosca ◽  
Maria Teresa Viggiani ◽  
Alfredo Di Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Interesting Difference ◽  
Eubacterium Limosum ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Specific Species

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is sustained by multiple factors including the gut microbiota, as suggested by a growing body of evidence. Most CRCs have a sporadic (non-hereditary) onset and develop from sporadic colorectal adenomas/polyp (SCA/P). In the present study, we investigated the characteristic of anaerobic microorganisms in stool samples obtained from 20 patients with SCA/P and 20 subjects without evidence of proliferative lesions at colonoscopy (Controls). (2) Material and Methods: We designed this clinical trial using adaptive randomization by minimization. Selective culture media and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry techniques were used to identify the components of microbiota. The data obtained revealed a different variability of gut microbiota in stool samples of controls and SCA/P subjects. (3) Results: The most interesting difference was observed for Bacteroides species, which represent the 50% of all bacterial species identified in the stool samples: two species, Bacteroides stercoris and Parabacteroides distasonis, were found only in the feces from control group, whereas Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaningenica species were presents only in SCA/P patients. Among Gram+ bacteria also, specific species were found in the two groups of feces: Clostridium clostridioforme, Propionibacterium avidum and Pediococcus pentasaceus were identified only in controls, while Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium innocuum and Corybebacterium xerosus were identified in SCA/P stool samples only. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, compared to control stool samples, a different intestinal microbiota is present in SCA/P stool samples, that may create a micro-environment predisposing for the development of proliferative phenomena. As a consequence, gut microbiota manipulation could be a future target for personalized treatments.

scholarly journals THU0104 THE GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO PERIPHERAL T REGULATORY CELLS AND T HELPER 17 IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 266.1-266
Author(s):  
Y. LI ◽  
S. X. Zhang ◽  
X. F. Yin ◽  
Z. Mingxing ◽  
J. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Absolute

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disorder with joint destruction and synovial inflammation characterized by abnormal immune responses to autoantigens. Our previous studies have demonstrated that impaired peripheral lymphocytes especially insufficiency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) played an important role in pathogenesis of RA1 2. Interestingly, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota triggers several types of autoimmune diseases through the imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets3. However, the detailed gut microbiota of RA patients and its correlation with Tregs and helper T cells 17 (Th17) are unclear up until now.Objectives:To compare the difference of gut microbiota between RA and healthy controls (HCs), and to investigate the relevance of gut microbiota with circulating Tregs and Th17 in patients with RA.Methods:From December 2018 to August 2019, a total of 205 diagnosed patients with RA and 199 age and sex-matched HCs were enrolled in this study. Stool of Every participant was collected for bacterial DNA extraction and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. The absolute numbers of Tregs and Th17 in PB of these individuals were measured by Flow Cytometer (FCM) combined with standard absolute counting beads. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation to the distribution. Independent-samples T test and Spearman rank correlation test. P value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:Patients with RA had a significantly difference of diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota compared with those of HCs (P< 0.05). Detailedly, the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased in RA patients (P< 0.05), and the abundance of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were significantly reduced (P<0.05) at the level of Phylum (Figure 1). At the genus level, in the RA group, the abundance of Escherichia, Ruminococcus2 and Clostridium_sensu_stricto were significantly increased (P< 0.05), but the abundance of Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, Prevotella, Clostridium_XlVa, Roseburia, Dialister, Blautia, Megamonas and Gemmiger were significantly lower than the healthy controls (P< 0.05) (Figure 2). Moreover, Blautia, Anaerostipes and Ruminococcus2 have negative correlation with the absolute number of Tregs, and Cloacibacillus and Streptophyta have positive correlation with the absolute number of Th17.Conclusion:Patients with RA had a dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in both diversity and abundance, which is closely related to the impaired peripheral lymphocyte subsets, that may be related to the pathogenesis of RA, which might provide a new idea for RA treatment.References:[1]Wen HY, Wang J, Zhang SX, et al. Low-Dose Sirolimus Immunoregulation Therapy in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 24-Week Follow-Up of the Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Controlled Trial.J Immunol Res2019;2019:7684352. doi: 10.1155/2019/7684352 [published Online First: 2019/11/30][2]Niu HQ, Li ZH, Zhao WP, et al. Sirolimus selectively increases circulating Treg cell numbers and restores the Th17/Treg balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients with low disease activity or in DAS28 remission who previously received conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.Clin Exp Rheumatol2019 [published Online First: 2019/05/11][3]Lee N, Kim WU. Microbiota in T-cell homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.Exp Mol Med2017;49(5):e340. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.36 [published Online First: 2017/05/27]Acknowledgments:NoneDisclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Functional Dysbiosis Relates to Individual Diet in Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Andrea Baragetti ◽  
Marco Severgnini ◽  
Elena Olmastroni ◽  
Carola Conca Dioguardi ◽  
Elisa Mattavelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rv Coefficient

Gut Microbiota (GM) dysbiosis associates with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (ACVD), but whether this also holds true in subjects without clinically manifest ACVD represents a challenge of personalized prevention. We connected exposure to diet (self-reported by food diaries) and markers of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis (SCA) with individual taxonomic and functional GM profiles (from fecal metagenomic DNA) of 345 subjects without previous clinically manifest ACVD. Subjects without SCA reported consuming higher amounts of cereals, starchy vegetables, milky products, yoghurts and bakery products versus those with SCA (who reported to consume more mechanically separated meats). The variety of dietary sources significantly overlapped with the separations in GM composition between subjects without SCA and those with SCA (RV coefficient between nutrients quantities and microbial relative abundances at genus level = 0.65, p-value = 0.047). Additionally, specific bacterial species (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the absence of SCA and Escherichia coli in the presence of SCA) are directly related to over-representation of metagenomic pathways linked to different dietary sources (sulfur oxidation and starch degradation in absence of SCA, and metabolism of amino acids, syntheses of palmitate, choline, carnitines and Trimethylamine n-oxide in presence of SCA). These findings might contribute to hypothesize future strategies of personalized dietary intervention for primary CVD prevention setting.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Infant Stool Bacteria Communities Before and After Acute Febrile Malaria and Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra K Mandal ◽  
Rosie J Crane ◽  
James A Berkley ◽  
Wilson Gumbi ◽  
Juliana Wambua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background Gut microbiota were recently shown to impact malaria disease progression and outcome, and prior studies have shown that Plasmodium infections increase the likelihood of enteric bacteria causing systemic infections. Currently, it is not known whether Plasmodium infection impacts human gut microbiota as a prelude to bacteremia or whether antimalarials affect gut microbiota. Our goal was to determine to what degree Plasmodium infections and antimalarial treatment affect human gut microbiota. Methods One hundred Kenyan infants underwent active surveillance for malaria from birth to 10 months of age. Each malaria episode was treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL). Any other treatments, including antibiotics, were recorded. Stool samples were collected on an approximately biweekly basis. Ten children were selected on the basis of stool samples having been collected before (n = 27) or after (n = 17) a malaria episode and without antibiotics having been administered between collections. These samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. Results Bacterial community network analysis revealed no obvious differences in the before and after malaria/AL samples, which was consistent with no difference in alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic analysis at the family and genus level with one exception. At the sequence variant (SV) level, akin to bacterial species, only 1 of the top 100 SVs was significantly different. In addition, predicted metagenome analysis revealed no significant difference in metagenomic capacity between before and after malaria/AL samples. The number of malaria episodes, 1 versus 2, explained significant variation in gut microbiota composition of the infants. Conclusions In-depth bioinformatics analysis of stool bacteria has revealed for the first time that human malaria episode/AL treatment have minimal effects on gut microbiota in Kenyan infants.

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