scholarly journals Effect of level of monensin on rumen fermentation characteristics in Awassi lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Razzaq Baiee ◽  
◽  
Ali Saeed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Awassi Lambs

The current study was conducted in the Animal field of the Department of Animal Production – College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 10/10/2019 to 19/1/2020 to investigate the effect of addition of monensin at levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg concentrate on growth performance of Awassi lambs. First treatment in which lambs were fed concentrate diet without addition of monensin was considered the control treatment. Sixteen male Awassi lambs were used with an average weight of 24.85 and 4-6 months of age. The lambs were randomly distributed to the experimental treatments, four lambs per each using the individual feeding in the cages. The concentrate diet was offered at a level of 2.75% of the body weight at 2 meals, morning and evening meals, while the ground wheat straw was offered at free choice. Results revealed no significant effect of level of monensin on pH values, whereas ruminal ammonia concentrations were significantly decreased (P˂0.05) from 7.54 in the control treatment to 6.08 and 6.45 mg/100 ml due to addition of monensin at levels of 30 and 45 mg/kg. Moreover, addition of monensin at a level of 30 mg/kg concentrate diet significantly increased (P˂0.05) ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids to 13.76 as compared with 10.99 mM/100 ml for control treatment. Concentrations of all rumen fermentation characteristics were significantly affected (P˂0.01) by time of ensiling.

scholarly journals Effect of level of monensin on rumen fermentation characteristics in Awassi lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Razzaq Baiee ◽  
◽  
Ali Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Awassi Lambs

The current study was conducted in the Animal field of the Department of Animal Production – College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 10/10/2019 to 19/1/2020 to investigate the effect of addition of monensin at levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg concentrate on growth performance of Awassi lambs. First treatment in which lambs were fed concentrate diet without addition of monensin was considered the control treatment. Sixteen male Awassi lambs were used with an average weight of 24.85 and 4-6 months of age. The lambs were randomly distributed to the experimental treatments, four lambs per each using the individual feeding in the cages. The concentrate diet was offered at a level of 2.75% of the body weight at 2 meals, morning and evening meals, while the ground wheat straw was offered at free choice. Results revealed no significant effect of level of monensin on pH values, whereas ruminal ammonia concentrations were significantly decreased (P˂0.05) from 7.54 in the control treatment to 6.08 and 6.45 mg/100 ml due to addition of monensin at levels of 30 and 45 mg/kg. Moreover, addition of monensin at a level of 30 mg/kg concentrate diet significantly increased (P˂0.05) ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids to 13.76 as compared with 10.99 mM/100 ml for control treatment. Concentrations of all rumen fermentation characteristics were significantly affected (P˂0.01) by time of ensiling.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ADDING GARDEN CRESS (LEPIDIUM SATIVUM) ON RUMEN FERMENTATION OF LOCAL AWASSI LAMBS: تأثير إضافة بذور الرشاد إلى العلف على تخمرات الكرش في الأغنام العواسية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hameed Abbas, Mohammed Ahmed Shwayel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
The Third ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Awassi Lambs

This study was to study the effect of adding Lepidium sativum to the lamb diets of Awassi sheep. Nine male lambs (their age is 3 months old and their body weight is 19±0.5 Kg) were distributed randomly into 3 treatments (3 lambs per treatment). The coarse feed (hay) was provided freely to lambs, while the concentrated feed was provided based on 3% of the body weight. All treatments were fed on similar diet and differed only in the weight of seeds, where 7.5 g was added to the second treatment (T2) and 15 g of Garden Cress to the third treatment (T3) while the control treatment (T1) left without adding seeds. The experiment continued for 60 days. The results showed a significant increase in pH at 0 hour in treatments T2 and T3 with Garden Cress of 7.5 and 15 g respectively, but there was a significant decrease at 3 hours in treatment T3 and also at 6 hours in T2 and T3 as well. For total phenols there was a decrease at 6 hours in treatment T2.When adding Garden Cress to concentrated rations, it did not significantly affect N-NH3, but improved somewhat of rumen fermentation and microorganism’s numbers at 3 hours for T2 and T3 with Garden Cress of 7.5 and 15 g respectively. There was a significant increase in fatty acids at 6 hours in T2 and T3 while there was no significant effect at other times and treatments.  

scholarly journals Efficiency investigation of the use of pyrophyllite in ensiling maize plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Milan Adamović ◽  
Mirjana Stojanović ◽  
Muhamed Harbinja ◽  
Marijana Maslovarić ◽  
Aleksandra Bočarov-Stančić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Air Passage

The paper presents the results of testing the effect of pyrophyllite shale (pyrophyllite) on the quality of maize plant silage, primarily on the production of organic acids, pH value, quality assessment and microbiological safety. The ensiling was done in plastic containers which allowed the storage of 10 kg of chopped green mass. Tested pyrophyllite doses were: 0% in the control treatment (I), 0.5 and 1.0% in experimental treatments (II and III, respectively). Granulated pyrophyllite (100 µm), originating from Parsovići, Konjic site, AD Harbi Ltd., Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was manually incorporated. The chopped green mass of the maize plant came from FAO 600 hybrids. The green mass containing 37.17% of dry matter (final waxy ripening phase) was compressed in the same manner in all three treatments during the filling of the vessels. The containers were then covered with nylon foil (0.2 mm) above which a layer of fine sand (approx. 5 cm) was placed in toward the silage protection from air passage. The silages were opened after 7 weeks and organoleptic, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. The organoleptic properties of silages (colour and odour) were better in silages containing 0.5 and 1.0% pyrophyllite. The silage temperature at the moment of opening of the containers was lower in the treatments with 0.5 and 1.0% added pyrophyllite (13.7 and 13.2 °C, respectively) while in the control treatment it was 14.6 °C. The addition of pyrophyllite to silage affected the production of volatile fatty acids (p ≤ 0.05). The highest amount of lactic acid was found in the silage sample without the addition of pyrophyllite, and acetic acid in the silage treated with 0.5 and 1.0% of pyrophyllite. The lowest amount of butyric acid was determined in the silage with the addition of 1% pyrophyllite. Based on the content and interrelationship of lactic, acetic and butyric acid, as well as the pH values, all three silages were rated as the highest (I) class. The number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, as well as the number of yeasts, was lower in the silages with the addition of 0.5 and 1.0% pyrophyllite. In future, particular attention should be paid on the possibility of pyrophyllite enrichment (e.g. with nitrogen) and more appropriate physical formulation (e.g. granules) that would allow more efficient practical application.

Exploration of the Timing of Introduction of Design Heuristic Cards to Early Design Brainstorming Sessions by Interdisciplinary Student Teams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimelec Mercado Rivera ◽  
José E. Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
College Of Engineering

Abstract This research focuses on improving the outcome of idea generation sessions of interdisciplinary student teams working in the early design stages of a product or solution by measuring the effect of incorporating Design Heuristics Cards at different points of ideation sessions that adhere to the brainstorming guidelines. Using the design thinking methodology, an open-ended challenge was given to the participating teams for a Brainstorming exercise divided into a fifteen-minute individual segment followed by a thirty-minute team ideation segment. Three experimental treatments were designed where Design Heuristics Cards were introduced at different points of the ideation exercise: the start of the individual ideation segment, the start of the team ideation segment, or the second half of the team ideation segment. A fourth control treatment did not introduce the cards at any point but used the Brainstorming guidelines throughout. The metrics observed were Fluency, Novelty, Feasibility, and Market Fit of the ideas generated by the students. Eighty-four students participated in the experiment, with 58.3% being from majors in the College of Engineering, 28.6% from majors in the College of Business Administration, 7.1% from majors in the College of Arts and Sciences, and 6.0% from majors in the College of Agriculture. No significant difference was found among the experimental treatments; however the results are not considered final due to the explorative nature of the study. Recommendations are made on future work and possible improvements to the experiment.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Diversity for Live-Weight Gains of Sheep as Influenced by Ginger Powder and Lime Peel

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Okoruwa ◽  
E. O. Aidelomon
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
Lime Peel

The study was conducted to determine the influence of ginger powder and lime peel on manipulation of rumen function for live-weight gains of sheep. Twenty four West African dwarf sheep of about 8 – 9 months old with average weight of 7.00 ± 0.95kg were randomly assigned to four treatment diets in a completely randomized design. The prepared diets contained; ED1 (0% ginger powder and 0% lime peel powder that served as control group), ED2 (0% ginger powder and 3% lime peel), ED3 (1.5% ginger powder and 1.5% lime peel) and ED4 (3% ginger powder and 0% lime peel). In all the diets examined, ED1 showed higher significant (p<0.05) values in total fungi, Acetobact xylinum, Methanogens, total protozoa, Entodiniomorphs, Holotrichs, ammonia-nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate and feed conversion ratio. However, total bacteria, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus fibrisolvens, Bacillus spp, propionate, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, final and daily weight gains indicated significant (p<0.05) higher values in diet ED3 than diets ED1, ED2 and ED4. Rumen pH was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ED4 as compared with other diets. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in Fibrobacter succinogens, iso-butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate and initial weight among diets. It can be concluded that using 1.5% ginger powder and 1.5% lime peel in the diets enhanced rumen fermentation and ecology for growth performance of sheep.

scholarly journals  Effect of cooling and some treatments on the qualities of strawberry fruits: تأثير التبريد وبعض العناصر الغذائية في صفات ثمار الشليك

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Mohammed Abdullah - Ghaleb Nasser Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Range Test

This study was conducted at the Research Station of the college of Agriculture \ University of Diyala for the period from 29/10/2017 to 1/6/2018 to study the effect of cooling periods and some spraying treatments on the qualities of strawberry fruit. The experiment included two factors first included planets cooling at 4±1 and three periods (without cooling, cooling for one week, and cooling for two weeks), The second factor was using chelated iron spray with a concentration at 75mg.L-¹ and nano-Iron spray with a concentration at 75mg.L-¹ and calcium chloride spraying at a concentration at 0.5g. L-¹carbonate nanoparticles at a concentration at 2g. L-¹ control treatment was sprayed with distilled water. The experiment conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results were analyzed using the SAS statistical program (2003). The differences between treatment were compared by using the Duncan multiple Range test at 0.05 level.  The level of cooling for two weeks was significant superior in number of fruits, the average weight of the fruit, the highest hardness of fruits, the percentage of TSS. The results showed significant superiority of nano-Iron spraying on most of the studied traits, which significantly increased the number of flowers, number of fruit and gave highest TSS. The results showed the superiority of the spraying of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on the average of weight of fruit, the highest hardness of fruits. The interaction treatment between cooling for two weeks and spraying of calcium carbonate nanoparticles gave significantly increased the average number of fruits, the average fruit weight and the highest hardness of fruits.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LACTOFERRIN ADDITION TO THE SEMEN OF AWASSI RAMS ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SPERMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi & Houbi
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Vagina

This experiment was conducted at the Animal Production Department farm to the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, located at Jadreya during the period of 21 September 2015 to 24 February 2016 using Four Awasi rams aged 2-4 years and the average weight was 52 kg. Semen collection from rams was done twice weekly by using the artificial vagina to study the effect of using the lactoferrin protein as a replacement by the antibiotic in the semen for controlling the contamination of bacteria in the semen. Four treated groups were used, the control (normal antibiotic Streptomycin 100 mg\100ml Penicillin 100.000 IU / 100ml) , second ,third and fourth treatment groups was used a lactoferrin  protein with the contamination of 400, 800 and 1200 mg \ L-1 , respectively . All additions of the antibiotic and lactoferrin were done to the semen after dilution. Semen from all rams was pooled and the final volume was divided by four parts to groups .The semen diluent was kept at the refrigerator 5 C for 5 days, and every day the physical characteristic was done which included. The individual motility, dead and abnormal sperm, concentration of sperm, mass activity, integrity of the plasma membrane (HOST %) The results showed that: the individual motility of sperm was significantly increased) for all treated groups on the second, third, fourth and the fifth day of semen preservation. No significant difference  in the percentage of live sperm as a result of adding lactoferrin to the semen. There were no significant increase) in the hyper osmotic sperm test (HOST%) between the control and treatment groups. The abnormality of sperm did not differ between the control and the treated groups.

scholarly journals Early Feeding Regime of Waste Milk, Milk, and Milk Replacer for Calves Has Different Effects on Rumen Fermentation and the Bacterial Community

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei-bing Zhang ◽  
Yan-liang Bi ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
Yves Beckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Waste Milk

We investigated the effects of different types of early feeding on rumen fermentation parameters and the bacterial community in calves. Fifty-four Holstein calves were assigned to three treatments and fed whole milk (M), pasteurized waste milk (WM), or milk replacer (MR). Male calves were slaughtered at the age of two months to measure the stomach masses. The female calves were followed for six months to determine the body weight, blood indices, rumen fermentation, and ruminal bacterial community. At the age of two months, the average daily gain was lower, but the concentration of total volatile fatty acids was greater in the MR group. Starter intake and stomach mass were lower, but the isovalerate molar proportion was greater in the WM group. The blood indices and ruminal bacterial community of the WM group differed from those of the other groups. At the age of six months, the ruminal propionate molar proportion was lower, but the ruminal pH and acetate/propionate ratio were greater in the MR group. In conclusion, calves fed WM had different rumen fermentation and bacterial community during the weaning period, whereas feeding MR produced a long-lasting effect on the rumen environment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Red Pitaya Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus Extract) on Malondialdehida Levels and Histopathology Profile in Diazinon Induced Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Chanif Mahdi ◽  
Viski Fitri Hendrawan ◽  
Khoirus Viestaria
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide is widely used in agricultural sectors. The metabolic products of this organophosphate compound can increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the body. It causes complications to the various organs, one of which is gastric. Red pitaya peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has high antioxidant activity in lowering ROS, in cases of diazinon poisoning. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of redpitaya peel extract in reducing the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and repairing histopathological damage of rats induced by diazinon. This study used 20 tails of male white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) from 8-12 weeks of age with the average weight of 150 grams . The subject was divided into 5 groups, which were negative control (-), positive control (+), treatment 1 (P1), treatment 2 (P2), and treatment 3 (P3). A dose of 40 mg/kg BW of Diazinon was given orally every day through feeding tube (sonde) for 5 consecutive days. Red pitaya peel extract was given to test groups with a dose of 150 mg/150 g BW, 200 mg/150 g BW and 250 mg/150 g BW, for 14 days. MDA levels were measured using the Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Gastric histopathology features were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) after 14 days. The MDA levels were analyzed quantitatively by ANOVA using SPSS version 22 for Windows and continued with honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α = 5%) and gastric histopathology were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the extract of red pitaya peel with dose of 150 mg/150 g BW significantly (p<0.01) reduces MDA level in gastric dan improves the histopathology of the gastric. Red pitaya peel extract at a dose of 150 mg/150 g BW was able to significantly decrease MDA levels and improve the histopathology feature of the gastric in white rats induced by diazinon. So this can be summarised that giving red pitaya extract in rats have a very significant effect on the level of malondialdehyde production and it could repair rats stomach tissue that induced by diazinon.Keywords: diazinon, histopathology, MDA, red pitaya peel

scholarly journals The Effect of Adding Chitosan and Oxytetracycline to Wheat-Soybean Diet on The Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
Huda H. Jasim ◽  
Husam H. Nafea
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Soybean Diet

Abstract This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Animal Production Department/College of Agriculture/Anbar University, for the period from 8/12/2019 until 23/3/2019 for (42 days). The experiment aims to compare the addition of two different levels of Chitosan and one level of antibiotic to the wheat-soybean diet and their effect on the productive performance of broiler chickens from the age of 7-42 days. The experimental treatments were T1: control (without any addition), T2: addition of 0.2 g Oxytetracycline/kg feed, T3: addition of 1 g Chitosan/kg feed and T4: addition of 2 g Chitosan/kg feed. The birds were randomly distributed to four treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment, and 12 birds for each replicate, where 144 chicks, 7 days old of Ross broiler chickens with an average weight of 168.7g were used in the experiment. The results showed that there were no significant differences in live body weight, weight increase and the relative growth rate of broiler, while significant differences occurred between treatments in the feed consumption rate during the first and fifth week and the duration from 7-21 days The T4 decreased significantly from T2 and T3, after which there was a significant decrease in the treatment of T3 from the T1 and T2 treatments in the fifth week. As for the feed conversion factor, there was no significant difference, as well as the percentage of mortality during the 7-42 days.

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