scholarly journals Efektifitas Antibiotik Pasien Demam Tifoid RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Ayu Rahmawati ◽  
Husni Muchtar ◽  
Hansen Nasif

To find out the effectiveness of antibiotics in typhoid fever patients at the SMF of Pediatric and SMF in Internal Medicine Dr. RSUP M. Djamil Padang. This study was a cross-sectional study with a retrospective type of data during 2012 and prospective from June to September 2013, with a descriptive analysis design. The number of patients who met the inclusion criteria were 11 patients. Percentage of antibiotic use in adult patients for ceftriaxone (60%) and chloramphenicol (40%). The percentage of antibiotic use in pediatric patients for ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and cefixim are 60%, 27%, and 13%, respectively. Fever free for ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol in pediatric and adult patients, each of which is 2-3 days and 4-6 days; 3-4 days and 4 days. To be free of cefixime fever in pediatric patients is 2 days. The length of treatment required is ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol (children and adults) antibiotics, 6 - 13 days and 9-13, respectively; 11-14 and 7 days. For the duration of cefixime antibiotic treatment for children is 13 days. The results of this study indicate that antibiotics that are used effectively against typhoid fever patients are seen from the time of free of fever and length of stay.

Pharmacy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Jessica Louie ◽  
Lisa Hong ◽  
Lisa Garavaglia ◽  
Denise Pinal ◽  
Catherine O’Brien

Medication reconciliation is an important aspect of a patient’s care process that is ideally performed by clinical pharmacists. Despite literature supporting this process in other patient populations, cystic fibrosis (CF) lacks research in this area. To address this, we designed a retrospective, multi-centered, non-controlled, cross-sectional study at four CF Foundation-accredited centers in the United States to evaluate the medication reconciliation process for adult and pediatric CF patients by documenting the number of home medications reconciled by clinical pharmacists and the number of patients with home medications that did not align with the current CF guidelines published in 2013. There were 105 adult patients and 72 pediatric patients included in the study analysis with a mean number of medications reconciled by clinical pharmacists of 17.4 (standard deviation (SD) 6.7) for adults and 13 (SD 4.6) for pediatric patients. The mean number of discrepancies from guidelines per patient was 1.61 (SD 1.2) for adult patients and 0.63 (SD 0.9) for pediatric patients. Pharmacists play an essential role in identifying and managing medication interactions and further research is necessary to investigate pharmacist impact on medication reconciliation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzima Begum ◽  
Md Ismail Khan ◽  
Shamima Kawser ◽  
Md Ehsanul Huq ◽  
Nadira Majid ◽  
...  

Background: Drug can cure ailment when used rationally on the other hand they may become harmful or even may threaten a life when used irrationally. Absence of guidelines for antibiotic use, protocols for rational therapeutics and infection control committees, have led to overuse and misuse of antimicrobials even in different specialized units in hospitals. Objective: The study has been designed to get a picture of use of antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and method: Cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Medicine of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, for 3 months from 1st January 2009 to 31st March 2009. Admitted patients of Medicine unit-1 who got antibiotics were included in the study. Total number of patients was 1563. Results: Five hundred out of 1563 patients were prescribed antibiotics (38%). Out of 500 prescriptions, 68(14%) prescriptions were found irrational. Conclusion: Continuous surveillance should be carried out to reduce the irrational use of antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v2i2.20526 Delta Med Col J. Jul 2014; 2(2): 64-67


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lins Werneck ◽  
Carla Fernanda Batista Paula ◽  
Rita de Cássia Helu Mendonça Ribeiro

RESUMOObjetivo: estabelecer relações entre a humanização da assistência e o acolhimento e a triagem na classificação de risco pela enfermagem nos serviços médicos de emergência. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, analítico, transversal. Utilizou-se um questionário e entrevistaram-se 80 pacientes que estavam em consulta de enfermagem. Utilizaram-se a análise descritiva, médias, desvio padrão, mediana, mínimo e máximo, frequência e percentual. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de tabelas. Resultados: verificou-se que, dos 64 pacientes, a maioria era do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 21 a 40 anos e casada, e cinco pacientes esperaram mais que o tempo preconizado, sendo que a Ortopedia/Traumatologia foi a especialidade com maior número de pacientes atendidos. Conclusão: chegou-se à conclusão de que os usuários estão satisfeitos com a atuação da Enfermagem na humanização da assistência, no acolhimento e na triagem com classificação de risco, nos serviços médicos de emergência. Infere-se que as considerações sobre as implicações teóricas ou práticas dos resultados e a contribuição do estudo para o avanço do conhecimento científico são estabelecer relações entre a humanização da assistência e o acolhimento e a triagem com classificação de risco nos serviços médicos de emergência. Espera-se encontrar situações em que há falta de humanização e colocá-las em evidência, propondo mudanças. Descritores: Humanização da Assistência; Acolhimento; Triagem; Classificação; Risco; Enfermagem de Emergência.ABSTRACT Objective: to establish relations between the humanization of care and the reception and screening in risk classification by nursing in emergency medical services. Method: this is a quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used and 80 patients who were in nursing consultation were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, means, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum, frequency and percentage were used. Results were presented in the form of tables. Results: it was verified that, of the 64 patients, the majority were female, between the ages of 21 and 40 years and married, and five patients waited longer than the recommended time, and Orthopedics/Traumatology was the specialty with greater number of patients attended. Conclusion: it was concluded that the users are satisfied with the Nursing performance in the humanization of care, in the reception and in the classification with risk classification, in emergency medical services. It is inferred that considerations about the theoretical or practical implications of the results and the contribution of the study to the advancement of scientific knowledge are to establish relations between the humanization of care and the reception and sorting with risk classification in emergency medical services. It is hoped to find situations in which there is a lack of humanization and to put them in evidence, proposing changes. Descriptors: Humanization of Care; Reception; Screening; Ranking; Risk; Emergency Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: establecer relaciones entre la humanización de la asistencia y la acogida y el tamizaje en la clasificación de riesgo por la enfermería en los servicios médicos de emergencia. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, analítico, transversal. Se utilizó un cuestionario y se entrevistaron a 80 pacientes que estaban en consulta de enfermería. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo, promedios, desviación estándar, mediana, mínimo y máximo, frecuencia y porcentual. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de tablas. Resultados: se verificó que, de los 64 pacientes, la mayoría era del sexo femenino, en el grupo de edad entre 21 a 40 años y casada, y cinco pacientes esperaron más que el tiempo preconizado, siendo que la Ortopedia / Traumatología fue la especialidad con mayor el número de pacientes atendidos. Conclusión: se llegó a la conclusión de que los usuarios están satisfechos con la actuación de la Enfermería en la humanización de la asistencia, en la acogida y en el tamizaje con clasificación de riesgo, en los servicios médicos de emergencia. Se espera encontrar situaciones en que hay falta de humanización y ponerlas en evidencia, proponiendo cambios. Descriptores: Humanización de la Atención; Acogimiento; Triagem; Classificación; Risco; Enfermería de Urgencia.


Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Muhamad Al Muizz Ismail ◽  
Nor Marini Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan

Introduction: The number of patients with pacemaker implant is increasing in the health services sector in Malaysia, which requires nurses to have expertise in patient care with pacemaker implantation. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the level of knowledge among nurses regarding the management of patients with pacemaker implantation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through purposive sampling among all nurses working at the critical care unit, intensive care unit, cardiac rehabilitation ward, investigation clinical laboratory, and non-invasive clinical laboratory in a public hospital in Kelantan. A questionnaire consisted of demographic data and nurses’ knowledge was distributed. Data were analysed for descriptive analysis and using Pearson correlation test.Results: Results from all respondents (n=70), show  48.6 % of the respondents had moderate knowledge about patient management with pacemaker implantation, 32.9 % had a low level of knowledge and only 13.6% had high knowledge regarding management of patient with pacemaker implantation. There is a significant difference between the level of knowledge and demographic data, that is between the level of education (p=0.027), age (p=0.011) and length of service (p=0.015). There is no significant relationship between knowledge and demographic data, such as gender (p=0.481), marital status (p=0.315), and post-basic (p=0.067).Conclusion: Level of knowledge among nurses about the management of patient with pacemaker implantation is low to moderate. Additional education and exposure among nurses are needed to enhance the knowledge of nurses and improve the quality of care among patients with pacemaker implant.


2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 3473-3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Everett ◽  
Nestoras Mathioudakis

Abstract Objective Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with mortality in adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to evaluate the association of area deprivation and other patient factors with recurrent DKA in pediatric patients compared with adults. Research Design and Methods This cross-sectional study used the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission’s database to identify patients with T1D admitted for DKA between 2012 and 2017. Area deprivation and other variables were obtained from the first DKA admission of the study period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of DKA readmissions. Interactions (Ints) evaluated differences among the groups. Results There were 732 pediatric and 3305 adult patients admitted with DKA. Area deprivation was associated with higher odds of readmission in pediatric patients than in adults. Compared with the least deprived, moderately deprived pediatric patients had an OR of 7.87-(95% CI, 1.02 to 60.80) compared with no change in odds in adults for four or more readmissions (Pint < 0.01). Similar odds were observed in the most deprived pediatric patients, which differed significantly from the OR of 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16 to 4.25) in adults (Pint of 0.2). Moreover, increasing age, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and discharge against medical advice conferred a high odds for four or more readmissions in pediatric patients compared with adults. Conclusion Area deprivation was predictive of recurrent DKA admissions, with a more pronounced influence in pediatric than adult patients with T1D. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and address disparities specific to each population.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S108
Author(s):  
Anita Shallal ◽  
Rachel Kenney ◽  
Geehan Suleyman

Abstract Background Antibiotic overutilization during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported, despite relatively infrequent bacterial co-infection. We explored antibiotic utilization before, during and after the COVID-19 surge in Michigan. Methods Cross-sectional study at an 877-bed hospital in Detroit, Michigan from January 2019 through May 2020. Measures: Count of COVID-19 hospital admissions by day. Monthly antibiotic utilization for formulary agents used to treat pneumonia were measured using monthly days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days present and the National Health Care Safety Network Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR). Descriptive analysis was utilized. Results The first COVID-19 case was detected March 11, 2020 and peaked in early April (Figure 1). Antibiotic utilization is demonstrated in Figure 2. The COVID-19 peak was associated with increased use of multiple antibiotics; notably, DOT per 1000 days present for ceftriaxone, cefepime and doxycycline were 85.43, 79.42 and 71.56, respectively in April. The institutional all-antibacterial SAAR was significantly reduced in May at 0.96, p=0.0022, after the COVID-19 surge. Figure 1 Figure 2 Conclusion We observed increased utilization of multiple antibiotics during the COVID-19 surge, and reduction in the all-antibacterial SAAR after the surge. More robust information is needed to promote optimal antibiotic use for patients with COVID-19 infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Freire Abud ◽  
Luciana Kusumota ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Flávia Fernanda Luchetti Rodrigues ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽  
...  

Objective: to analyze the complications related to peritonitis and catheter exit-site infections, in patients on peritoneal dialysis at home.Method: quantitative and cross-sectional study, carried out with 90 patients on peritoneal dialysis at home, in a municipality in the Northeast region of Brazil. For data collection, it was used two structured scripts and consultation on medical records. Descriptive analysis and comparison tests among independent groups were used, considering p<0.05 as level of statistical significance.Results: by comparing the frequency of peritonitis and the length of treatment, it was found that patients over two years of peritoneal dialysis were more likely to develop peritonitis (X²=6.39; p=0.01). The number of episodes of peritoneal catheter exit-site infection showed association with the length of treatment (U=224,000; p=0.015).Conclusion: peritonitis and catheter exit-site infection are associated with the length of treatment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Diany Astuti ◽  
Yuli Nurhayati

ABSTRAK             Peresepan antibiotik untuk pasien anak-anak paling banyak digunakan dalam terapi. Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk anak-anak harus diawasi dan dikendalikan karena penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak terkontrol dan tidak tepat dapat berdampak pada kegagalan efek terapi yang diharapkan dan kemungkinan dapat meyebabkan resistensi antimikroba.  Pemakaian antibiotik harus dianalisis untuk mengendalikan resistensi antibiotik.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai rasionalitas terapi antibiotik pada pasien anak. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis deskriptif retrospektif dengan pengambilan data purposive sampling. Subjek dari penelitian adalah rekam medis dari bangsal anak RSUD Karawang. Rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik adalah penilaian melalui metode gyssens. 147 data dianalisis untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari anak laki-laki (54,40%) dan perempuan (45,60%) dengan kasus demam tifoid (53,10), diare (24,5%) dan bronkopneumonia (22,4%). Antibiotik yang digunakan sefotaksim (71,43%), amoksisilin (5,44%) dan kloramfenikol (4,76%). Penilaian antibiotik melalui metode Gyssens adalah skala IVA (93,20%), skala IIB (6,12%) dan skala IIIA (0,68%). Kata Kunci: Antibiotik, Rasionalitas, Metode Gyssens.   ABSTRACT             Antibiotics prescription for pediatric patients is most widely used in therapy. Antibiotic use for pediatric must be watched and controlled because uncontrolled and inappropriate use of antibiotic can impact on failure of expected therapeutic effect and can also cause the possibility of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic consumption is must analyzed for controlling the antibiotics resistance. The aim of study The aim of this study was to assess the rationality of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients. This research is a retrospective descriptive analysis with purposive data sampling. Subject of study are medical record from pediatric ward in RSUD Karawang. Rationality used of antibiotic is asses through Gyssens method. 147 data was analyzed for this study consist of boys (54,40%) and girls (45,60%) with case of typhoid  fever (53,10), diarrhea (24,5%) and bronchopneumonia (22,4%). Antibiotic was use Cefotaxime (71,43%), Amoxicillin (5,44%), Chloramphenicol (4,76%)etc.  Assessment  antibiotic through Gyssens method are IVA scale (93,20%), IIB scale ( 6,12%) and IIIA scale (0,68%). Keyword : Antibiotic, Rationality, Gyssens Method.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Getaneh Atikilt Yemata ◽  
Chalachew Yenew ◽  
Melkalem Mamuye ◽  
Mulu Tiruneh ◽  
Tigabnesh Assfaw ◽  
...  

Introduction. Typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe, and it is a serious illness in developing countries. Typhoid fever is prevalent in Ethiopia, and the burden differs with diverse demography, environment, and climate. The study aimed to determine the incidence of typhoid fever cases by person, place, and time. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the five years (2015–2019) of surveillance data of typhoid fever in the Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The data were extracted from the zonal health management information system database from May to June 2020. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and analyze the data. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the distribution of typhoid fever incidence in time, place, and personal groups. Result. A total of 36,641 individuals suffered from typhoid fever during the five years. Among these, 18,972 (51.8%) were females and 17,669 (48.2%) were males. Incidence of typhoid fever was found as follows: 216, 198, 203, 264, and 299 cases per 100,000 persons were reported during 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Typhoid fever cases were increased by 1.4 from 2015–2019. A high incidence of cases was observed at the start of wet months. The majority of the investigated cases were identified in Kersa, 4,476 (12.2%), Gomma, 4,075 (11.1%), and Mana, 3,267 (8.9%), woredas. Of the total, 151 (0.4%) of the reported cases were admitted for inpatient care. During the five years of surveillance data, death was not reported from all woredas. Conclusion and Recommendation. Typhoid fever was a major public health problem in the Jimma Zone for the last 5 years, and it was increased through the years. Zonal health departments should strengthen the interventions focused on the woredas that had a high burden of typhoid fever at the start of the wet months.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is a common emergency condition in paediatrics with different ages. The perforated appendicitis is one of the most serious complications of acute appendicitis which may lead to peritonitis. The aim of our study is to calculate the incidence of perforated appendicitis. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study has been conducted at Khartoum north teaching hospital. The total number of patients was 214. Results: the most common age in this study are 13 years old and the mean age is 11 years, 128 of cases were male 59.8% and 86 were females 40.2%. All cases of our study presented with fever 100%, 80.8% presented with right iliac fossa pain, and anorexia 100%. 50.5% of cases came within the first day of presentation and 26.6% of cases came in 4thday of presentation, all cases presented with right iliac fossa tenderness, 15.9% of cases presented with perforated acute appendicitis, 67.29% of cases operated after 6 hours, 5.61% operated in more than 6 hours and 27.1% operated after 6 weeks. Conclusion: In this study the incidence of perforated acute appendicitis was 15.9% which is low in comparison with another study because there was no delay in appendectomy operation and the majority of patients came within the first day of the disease.


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