scholarly journals REMOTE REHABILITATION: ROLE AND OPPORTUNITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Borisov ◽  
Valeria Alexandrovna Bondar ◽  
Mikhail M. Kanarsky ◽  
Yulia Y. Nekrasova ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Reutova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Successful Rehabilitation ◽  
Individual Use

Medical rehabilitation is a complex, long-term and financially costly process of restoring the physiological functions of the body after injuries and the consequences of past diseases. The need for an individual approach to each life situation necessitates the search and development of new technologies in the method of providing rehabilitation assistance. One of the principles of a successful rehabilitation process is continuity, which, in most cases, is disrupted after the transfer of patients to the outpatient stage. The 21st century, in contrast to the previous one, is distinguished by more accessible technologies for everyday and individual use. A separate category of patients are patients with the consequences of brain damage, socialization and the return of the ability to self-serve for whom is one of the most difficult in rehabilitation practice. One of these technologies is distance rehabilitation, which provides the principle of continuity, social and informational support for relatives who provide care for patients on an outpatient basis.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological analysis of severe traumatic brain injury: the role of nutritional support to the injured with a prolonged state of impaired consciousness

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
M. V. Nikiforov ◽  
A. A. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The Brain

Relevance. Patients with prolonged impaired consciousness due to traumatic brain injury are the most difficult category of patients in inpatient medical rehabilitation units. Despite the experience gained in managing this complex category of patients, the problem of nutrition status and trophological insufficiency, as well as practical issues regarding the organization of optimal nutrition at this stage of medical rehabilitation remain unresolved.Intention. To study the role of nutritional support for patients with long-term impaired consciousness on the basis of a clinical and epidemiological analysis of severe traumatic brain injury.Methodology. The data of an epidemiological analysis of traumatic brain injuries and features of ongoing nutritional support in patients with long-term impaired consciousness are presented, based on a study of domestic and foreign publications from 2005 to 2019.Results and Discussion. Timely and adequate nutritional support optimizes the structural-functional and metabolic systems of the body, adaptive reserves interfere with rapidly progressive depletion and chronic catabolic processes, contribute to positive changes in the functional state of the brain, reduce infectious complications, and increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures and the rate of recovery of consciousness.Conclusion. The analysis revealed the ambiguity of the interpreted data on clinical recommendations and approaches to the use of nutritional support in patients with long-term impaired consciousness due to traumatic brain injury. Considering the fact that in most cases such patients need continuous long-term comprehensive rehabilitation measures, accompanied by significant energy costs of the body, an essential component of the rehabilitation process, in our opinion, is the inclusion of adequate nutritional support that prevents fast-progressing exhaustion and chronic catabolic processes. In this regard, such an urgent task is to optimize the algorithms of nutritional support in patients with long-term impaired consciousness after a traumatic brain injury, the solution of which will improve the functional state of the brain and, therefore, the rehabilitation prognosis and quality of their life.

scholarly journals Organisational and Economic Activities for Provision of Medical Rehabilitation Services on an Outpatient Basis to Patients That Have Suffered an Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Lilia Badrutdinova ◽  
Olga Manerova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop legal, organizational and economic activities for providing medical rehabilitation on an outpatient basis to patients that have suffered an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The study included patients who had suffered a CVA and were undergoing medical rehabilitation on an outpatient basis (400 individuals participated in a retrospective study and 400 individuals took part in a sociological survey) and medical rehabilitation specialists providing care on an outpatient basis to patients who had suffered a CVA (n = 50). All included patients received medical rehabilitation in accordance with the Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (No: 70). It should be noted that patients who suffered a CVA occupy a central place in the system of medical rehabilitation performed on an outpatient basis. Medical rehabilitation is important for their medical and social characteristics, motivation, environment, adherence to treatment and a healthy lifestyle. In accordance with the above mentioned, the following activities should be planned and implemented: a) work with doctors, b) work with patients; c) work with patients’ relatives; d) organizational aspects, and e) economic aspects. When organizing medical rehabilitation on an outpatient basis, it should be considered as a system of interaction between all participants in the rehabilitation process, in the center of which the patient is located. The main organizational activity for conducting medical rehabilitation in an outpatient setting is the implementation of a comprehensive interaction of all participants in the rehabilitation process.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Comparative assessment of morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural liver homeostasis in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride on the body

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
M. S. Bugaeva ◽  
O. I. Bondarev ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Level ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Homeostasis ◽  
Rock Dust

Introduction. The impact on the body of such factors of the production environment as coal-rock dust and fluorine compounds leads to certain shift s in strict indicators of homeostasis at the system level. Maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body is provided by the functional consistency of all organs and systems, the leading of which is the liver. Organ repair plays a crucial role in restoring the structure of genetic material and maintaining normal cell viability. When this mechanism is damaged, the compensatory capabilities of the organ are disrupted, homeostasis is disrupted at the cellular and organizational levels, and the development of the main pathological processes is noted.The aim of the study is to compare the morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of the impact on the body of coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on adult white male laboratory rats. Features of morphological mechanisms for maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride were studied on experimental models of pneumoconiosis and fluoride intoxication. For histological examination in experimental animals, liver sampling was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experiment.Results. The specificity of morphological changes in the liver depending on the harmful production factor was revealed. It is shown that chronic exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride is characterized by the development of similar morphological changes in the liver and its vessels from the predominance of the initial compensatory-adaptive to pronounced violations of the stromal and parenchymal components. Long-term inhalation of coal-rock dust at 1–3 weeks of seeding triggers adaptive mechanisms in the liver in the form of increased functional activity of cells, formation of double-core hepatocytes, activation of immunocompetent cells and endotheliocytes, ensuring the preservation of the parenchyma and the general morphostructure of the organ until the 12th week of the experiment. Exposure to sodium fluoride leads to early disruption of liver compensatory mechanisms and the development of dystrophic changes in the parenchyma with the formation of necrosis foci as early as the 6th week of the experiment.Conclusions. The study of mechanisms for compensating the liver structure in conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride, as well as processes that indicate their failure, and the timing of their occurrence, is of theoretical and practical importance for developing recommendations for the timely prevention and correction of pathological conditions developing in employees of the aluminum and coal industry.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Immunological mechanisms of chronic liver lesions under the influence of chemicals

2020 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
G. S. Agzamova ◽  
M. M. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
T System

The immunological profile of chronic liver lesions depending on the toxic agent was studied. It was revealed that chronic poisoning by industrial toxic substances causes changes in the functional state of the T-system of immunity, long-term contact with industrial chemicals leads to increased sensitization to autoantigens of the body.

Neurophysiological and morphological effects in the post-exposure vibration period during experimental modeling

2019 ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Natalya L. Yakimova ◽  
Vladimir A. Pankov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Lizarev ◽  
Viktor S. Rukavishnikov ◽  
Marina V. Kuleshova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Visual Evoked

Introduction. Vibration disease continues to occupy one of the leading places in the structure of professional pathology. In workers after the termination of contact with vibration generalization and progression of violations in an organism is noted. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the progredient course of disturbances in the nervous system in the post-contact period of vibration exposure remain insufficiently studied.The aim of the study was to test an experimental model of vibration exposure to assess the neurophysiological and morphological effects of vibration in rats in the dynamics of the post-contact period.Materials and methods. The work was performed on 168 white male outbred rats aged 3 months weighing 180–260 g. The vibration effect was carried out on a 40 Hz vibrating table for 60 days 5 times a week for 4 hours a day. Examination of animals was performed after the end of the physical factor, on the 30th, 60th and 120th day of the post-contact period. To assess the long-term neurophysiological and morphofunctional effects of vibration in rats, we used indicators of behavioral reactions, bioelectric activity of the somatosensory zone of the cerebral cortex, somatosensory and visual evoked potentials, parameters of muscle response, morphological parameters of nervous tissue.Results. In the dynamics of the post-contact period observed the preservation of violations of tentatively research, motor and emotional components of behavior. In the Central nervous system instability of activity of rhythms of an electroencephalogram, decrease in amplitude of visual evoked potentials, lengthening of latency of somatosensory evoked potentials, decrease in total number of normal neurons and astroglia is established. In the peripheral nervous system remained changes in indicators: increasing duration and latency, reducing the amplitude of the neuromuscular response.Conclusions: The experimental model allows us to study the long-term neurophysiological and morphological effects of vibration on the body. The formation and preservation of changes in behavioral activity, neurophysiological and morphological effects of vibration from the 30th to the 120th day of the post-contact period were confirmed.

Unmaking and Remaking the World in Long-Term Solitary Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Civil Death

In The Body in Pain, Elaine Scarry analyzes the structure of torture as an unmaking of the world in which the tools that ought to support a person’s embodied capacities are used as weapons to break them down. The Security Housing Unit (SHU) of California’s Pelican Bay State Prison functions as a weaponized architecture of torture in precisely this sense; but in recent years, prisoners in the Pelican Bay Short Corridor have re-purposed this weaponized architecture as a tool for remaking the world through collective resistance. This resistance took the form of a hunger strike in which prisoners exposed themselves to the possibility of biological death in order to contest the social and civil death of solitary confinement. By collectively refusing food, and by articulating the meaning and motivation of this refusal in articles, interviews, artwork, and legal documents, prisoners reclaimed and expanded their perceptual, cognitive, and expressive capacities for world-making, even in a space of systematic torture.

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