scholarly journals The Relationship between working memory and expressed emotion in the related caregivers of psychotic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Pınar Eraslan ◽  
Eylem Şahin Cankurtaran ◽  
Semra Ulusoy Kaymak ◽  
A. Haldun Soygür ◽  
E. Cem Atbaşoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Burden Scale ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Expressed Emotion (EE) and working memory (WM) capacity in the caregivers of patients with psychosis, controlling for the potential confounds, namely, personality traits, subsyndromal psychotic symptoms, burden of care and the patient’s illness severity. Materials and Methods: The study covered 152 related caregivers of psychotic patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder with a psychotic component. The study continued with 120 participants who met the recruitment criteria. Patients were assessed with a Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). For related caregivers; SCID-I, Expressed Emotion Scale (EES), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI); Magical Ideation Scale; Physical Anhedonia Scale; Social Anhedonia Scale; Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS), and Auditory Consonant Trigram Test (ACT) were used. A stepwise regression analysis was employed to analyze the relevant variables that had an independent impact on EES scores. Results: There was a significant negative relationship between the ACT and EES scores (r=-.25, p<0.01). The ZCBS score (beta: 0.355, p<0.01), Harm Avoidance subscale of the TCI (beta: 0.231, p<0.01), and CGI overall improvement subscale (beta: 0.237, p<0.01) were independently associated with the EES score. Conclusions: There have been few studies investigating the biological basis of this clinical characteristic. The present study found no significant relationship between WM and EE in terms of the effect of WM in the caregivers of patients with psychosis.

Relationship Quality and Distress in Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Bjørge ◽  
Kari Kvaal ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Ingun Ulstein
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers and care receivers, defined as home-dwelling family members with dementia. We used a self-rating questionnaire, the Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale (FEERS; 6 simple questions), to measure caregiver perceptions of the care receiver’s criticisms (CCs) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI) toward the caregiver. We performed factor analyses to rank single items on the FEERS pertaining to CC and EOI. We included 208 caregiver/care receiver pairs. Logistic regression analyses tested associations between FEERS items and caregiver and care receiver variables. The main contributors to caregiver perceptions of CC were the caregiver’s own distress and the amount of time spent with the care receiver. Socially distressed caregivers perceived the care receiver as emotionally overinvolved. When offering a psychosocial intervention, a tailored program should target the caregiver’s perceived relationship with the family member and the caregiver’s distress. The program should also endeavor to give the caretaker more opportunities for leisure time.

scholarly journals The effect of sodium nitroprusside on psychotic symptoms and spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 3443-3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Stone ◽  
P. D. Morrison ◽  
I. Koychev ◽  
F. Gao ◽  
T. J. Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

BackgroundSodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been reported to rapidly reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. This has the potential to revolutionize treatment for schizophrenia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SNP leads to a reduction in psychotic symptoms and an improvement in spatial working memory (SWM) performance in patients with schizophrenia.MethodThis was a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed from 27 August 2014 to 10 February 2016 (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02176044). Twenty patients with schizophrenia aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics in the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK. Baseline symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-18), and SWM was assessed using the CANTAB computerized test. Participants received either an infusion of SNP (0.5 μg/kg per min for 4 h) or placebo and were re-assessed for symptoms and SWM performance immediately after the infusion, and 4 weeks later.ResultsSNP did not lead to any reduction in psychotic symptoms or improvement in SWM performance compared to placebo.ConclusionsAlthough this study was negative, it is possible that the beneficial effects of SNP may occur in patients with a shorter history of illness, or with more acute exacerbation of symptoms.

The family and compliance in schizophrenia: the influence of clinical variables, relatives' knowledge and expressed emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. SELLWOOD ◽  
N. TARRIER ◽  
J. QUINN ◽  
C. BARROWCLOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Background. A variety of factors are related to compliance with medication in schizophrenia, but little attention has been paid to the role of families. Carers' knowledge or expressed emotion (EE) may be related to compliance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of these two factors, as well as their relationships with other variables for the prediction of compliance.Method. A sample of patient–carer pairs (N=79) involved in a family intervention for schizophrenia trial was recruited. Compliance, symptoms, social functioning and attitudes to their carers were assessed in patients. Carers' EE, knowledge and psychopathology were also evaluated.Results. A number of factors were related to compliance, including carers' EE and patients' psychotic symptoms, which contributed independently to not taking medication. Carers' knowledge about schizophrenia and other groups of symptoms was not related to compliance.Conclusions. EE may be an important factor to account for in the understanding of patients' compliance and the direction of the relationship between EE and compliance should be the subject of further study.

scholarly journals Status Identitas dan Toleransi Beragama pada Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Vinaya Untoro ◽  
Maharani Ardi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Identity Diffusion ◽  
Identity Foreclosure ◽  
Identity Achievement ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research which found that adolescent tend to involve in radicalism make interesting to find out the relationship between identity status and religious tolerance in adolescence. This research involved 157 participants whose ages ranged from 11 to 24 years. The variable of identity status was conceptualized based on Erikson’s exploration and commitment aspects, and was measured using Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Meanwhile, religious tolerance was measured using a rating scale adapted from van der Walt’s religious tolerance scale. This study found negative relationship between commitment and religious tolerance, and there is no a relationship between exploration and religious tolerance. From four identity status tested, it is found that most participants are in the category of identity diffusion which means that most participants have no specific commitment and interest in ideology. The result also shows that identity moratorium has the highest mean in religious tolerance, and it is found significantly different with identity achievement and identity foreclosure. Based on the commitment aspect, participants with achievement and foreclosure identity status tend to be religiously intolerance, while those with identity moratorium are found most open to the others’ worldviews.Keywords: Identity status, religious tolerance, adolescentAbstrak: Adanya survei yang menunjukkan besarnya kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan radikalisme melandasi dilakukannya penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara status identitas dan toleransi beragama pada remaja. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 157 remaja dengan rentang usia 11-24 tahun, yang dimasukkan dalam 4 kategori status identitas. Status identitas diukur dengan menggunakan dua kriteria utama pembentukan identitas dari Erikson, yaitu exploration dan commitment, serta diukur menggunakan skala Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Toleransi beragama diukur menggunakan skala toleransi agama yang diadaptasi dari skala yang disusun van der Walt. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif antara dimensi komitmen dengan toleransi beragama, sedangkan dimensi eksplorasi dengan toleransi beragama tidak terbukti berhubungan.  Hasil uji terhadap 4 kategori status identitas menunjukkan bahwa  sebagian besar partisipan berada dalam kategori identitas diffusion yang berarti tidak memiliki komitmen ideologis. Selain itu, identity moratorium memiliki rerata yang paling tinggi dalam toleransi beragama dan berbeda signifikan dengan identity achievement dan identity foreclosure. Berdasarkan pada tingginya dimensi komitmen dan karakteristik masing-masing kategori status identitas, identity achieve-ment dan identity foreclosure merupakan kategori yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bersikap intoleran, sedangkan identity moratorium masih memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perbedaan agama atau ideologi.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Serum Cytokine Levels and the Degree of Psychosis and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis in Chinese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Xuebing Liu ◽  
Qin Xie ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cytokine levels can be changed in methamphetamine (METH) use disorders (MUDs) and primary psychosis. The present study assessed serum levels of some kinds of interleukins (ILs) in METH-associated psychosis (MAP) and their relationships with psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.Methods: Serum IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were examined by chemiluminescence assays in MAP patients (n = 119) and healthy controls (n = 108). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were administered.Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in MAP patients (all p &lt; 0.05). There was a negative relationship between IL-2R levels and PANSS positive (P) subscale scores (r = −0.193, p = 0.035). IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were all negatively correlated with the naming, delayed recall and orientation subscores on the MOCA (r = −0.209, p = 0.022; r = −0.245, p = 0.007; r = −0.505, p &lt; 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Our results indicate that immune disturbances are related to MAP and that IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive function impairment.

scholarly journals Social Isolation, Illness Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Corona Survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528
Author(s):  
Shiza Shahid ◽  
Amina Shahid ◽  
Izza Mahfooz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Illness Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social isolation, illness anxiety and quality of life in corona survivors. This paper focuses on moderating role of illness anxiety on the relationship between social isolation and quality of life of COVID-19 survivors who faced this disease in past 6 months. The sample comprised of 110 survivors of COVID-19. Purposive sampling was used to assess the participants with the help of Google forms. Social isolation was measured by using Lubben Social Network Scale (Lubben et al., 2006), quality of life was measured by WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization, 1996), and to measure illness anxiety Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Hamilton, 1959) was used. Correlational analysis revealed that social isolation had positive relationship with illness anxiety. Illness anxiety had negative relationship with physical health, psychological health environment and overall quality of life. Moreover, moderation analysis revealed that illness anxiety significantly moderated the relationship between social isolation and quality of life. This research attempted to explore the social isolation during lock down and illness anxiety corporate in low quality of life in COVID-19 pandemic. This study has variety of clinical implications as this research gave us insight into the role of social isolation and illness anxiety on quality of life especially in this pandemic so it will help psychologists to take measurements accordingly.

scholarly journals Case Report: Atypical psychotic onset of type I Arnold-Chiari malformation

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Chiara Di Genova ◽  
Socrates Charitos ◽  
Gabriella Ba ◽  
Caterina Adele Viganò
Keyword(s):  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Arnold Chiari Malformation ◽  
Axis I

Introduction: We report a case of type I Arnold-Chiari malformation that is very peculiar because of its particular onset especially characterized by psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms were so prevailing that, for fifteen years, they masked the neurological aspects and the patient was treated with high doses of psychotropic drugs without any benefit. If the Arnold-Chiari malformation had been diagnosed before the development of severe hydro-syringomyelia, the patient could have underwent decompressive neurosurgery which may have improved her quality of life. It is worthwhile to highlight that psychotic symptoms may be caused by this congenital malformation, that typically has an aspecific onset. Therefore it’s important to consider an eventual organic etiology while challenging a resistant clinical picture with unusual presentation.Case description: A 51-year-old woman reported neurological symptoms consisting of headaches, blurred vision, diplopia, tinnitus, vertigo and psychiatric symptoms including obsessive ideas about the fear of killing her son, auditory and visual pseudo-hallucinations. The symptoms had developed suddenly at the age of 35 years and persisted thereafter. She underwent multiple hospitalizations in psychiatric units and was treated with a variety of psychopharmacological approaches without substantial improvement. We performed a brain MRI that identified a type I Arnold-Chiari malformation. We assessed psychiatric symptoms using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Disorders, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. A tailored psychopharmacological therapy led to a partial improvement in mood and anxiety but not in hallucinations.Discussion: We want to highlight how important is, in everyday psychiatric clinical practice, not to focus only on psychiatric aspects but consider the patient globally, because in this case psychiatric problems were the onset presentation of a rare neurological syndrome.

Temperament and Character Traits of Parents of Children With ADHD

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Yurumez ◽  
Esra Yazici ◽  
Yusuf Yasin Gumus ◽  
Ahmet Bulent Yazici ◽  
Salime Gursoy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between ADHD and the personalities of parents of children with ADHD. Method: Personality traits of parents of children with ADHD (study group; n = 135) and parents of children without ADHD (control group; n = 122) were compared. Psychiatric comorbidities were excluded with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinical Version [SCID-I-CV]. Personality is assessed with Temperament and Character Inventory, and inattention (IA) and hyperactivity (HI) are assessed with Turgay Scale. Results: Harm avoidance and persistence scores were higher, and self-directedness (SD) scores were lower in the study group than the control group. Being in ADHD group predicted lower SD scores. Positive correlations were found between harm avoidance and IA and HI, and between persistence and HI. Negative correlations were found between SD and both IA and HI. Conclusion: Our data suggest that there is relationship between ADHD in children’s and parents’ personalities. Common etiologic properties and personalized psychoeducation and treatment options for families should be discussed.

scholarly journals The relationship between temperament and character and subclinical psychotic-like experiences in healthy adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Nitzburg ◽  
A.K. Malhotra ◽  
P. DeRosse
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable data support phenomenological and temporal continuity between psychotic disorders and subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLE's). Although numerous studies have found similar personality correlates for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder patients, their unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy adults characterized for schizotypal traits, no study has yet investigated personality correlates of PLE's measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Our study sought to examine personality correlates of PLE's using the CAPE in healthy adults.MethodThe CAPE and temperament and character inventory (TCI) were administered to 415 healthy adults. Regressions examined links between TCI traits and overall PLE levels as well as positive and negative PLE's separately.ResultsConsistent with past studies, lower self-directedness (SD) and reward dependence (RD) and higher self-transcendence (ST) and harm avoidance (HA) significantly predicted overall PLE levels. Higher ST and persistence (P) and lower SD significantly predicted higher levels of positive PLE's while lower SD and RD and higher HA, ST, and cooperativeness (C) predicted higher levels of negative PLE's.ConclusionsAssociations between TCI and PLE's using the CAPE are strikingly similar to past work in non-clinical and patient samples and provide additional support for phenomenological continuity between psychotic disorders and sub-syndromal psychotic symptoms.

Comorbidity with Axis I Anxiety Disorders in Remitted Psychotic Patients 1 Year After Hospitalization

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ciapparelli ◽  
Rosemma Paggini ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Claudia Carmassi ◽  
Maria Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Axis I

ABSTRACTIntroductionComorbid anxiety disorders are frequently encountered in psychoses and mainly assessed during the hospitalization.MethodsComorbidity was investigated in 98 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or bipolar disorder, previously hospitalized for psychotic symptoms. Assessments, including Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale, were performed during hospitalization (t0) and subsequently in a phase of remission (t1). Comorbidity was assessed at t1 only.ResultsOne or more comorbid anxiety diagnoses were made in 46 (46.9%) patients. Of these, 15 (32.6%) received multiple anxiety diagnoses, while 31 (67.4%) single anxiety diagnoses. Schizophrenic patients had a rate of social anxiety disorder (SAD) higher (P<.05) than the others. Patients assessed with panic disorder or with obsessive-compulsive disorder at t1 showed significantly greater severity of illness at t0; patients with SAD demonstrated greater severity at t1. No significant differences in the rates of individual anxiety disorders were found in patients treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics or with both.ConclusionAnxiety disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and SAD, seem to be frequently comorbid in remitted psychotic patients; SAD would be more prevalent in schizophrenia and might negatively impact the course of the illness.

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