scholarly journals COVID19 pandemic is a «pandemic» of antimicrobial therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
A.I. Sinopalnikov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms

The article presents a critical analysis of antibiotic usage tactics in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 existing in Russian and foreign healthcare, and discusses the possible causes of unjustified antibiotic aggression in this category of patients. The potential negative consequences of the widespread use of antibiotics in patients carrying a new coronavirus infection are analyzed: life-threatening cardiotoxicity in patients with the simultaneous administration of such a «popular» candidate etiologic therapy as a combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, the potential development of other serious adverse drug reactions (in particular, the development of an antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis, etc.), the expected dramatic increase in the secondary drug resistance of potentially pathogenic microorganisms to widely and often prescribed antibiotics.

scholarly journals Hypothetical COVID-19 protection mechanism: hints from centenarians

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Rosa Guerini ◽  
Matteo Cesari ◽  
Beatrice Arosio
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractThe risk of serious complications and the fatality rate due to COVID-19 pandemic have proven particularly higher in older persons, putting a further strain in healthcare system as we dramatically observed.COVID-19 is not exclusively gerophile (géro “old” and philia “love”) as young people can be infected, even if older people experience more severe symptoms and mortality due to their greater frailty. Indeed, frailty could complicate the course of COVID-19, much more than the number of years lived. As demonstration, there are centenarians showing remarkable capacity to recover after coronavirus infection.We hypothesize that centenarian’s portfolio could help in identifying protective biological mechanisms underlying the coronavirus infection.The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is one of the major genetic regions associated with human longevity, due to its central role in the development of adaptive immune response and modulation of the individual’s response to life threatening diseases. The HLA locus seems to be crucial in influencing susceptibility and severity of COVID-19.In this hypothesis, we assume that the biological process in which HLA are involved may explain some aspects of coronavirus infection in centenarians, although we cannot rule out other biological mechanisms that these extraordinary persons are able to adopt to cope with the infection.

scholarly journals Immunogenetic Predictors of Severe COVID-19

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Anna Malkova ◽  
Dmitriy Kudlay ◽  
Igor Kudryavtsev ◽  
Anna Starshinova ◽  
Piotr Yablonskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Angiotension Converting Enzyme ◽  
Related Proteins

According to an analysis of published data, only 20% of patients with the new coronavirus infection develop severe life-threatening complications. Currently, there are no known biomarkers, the determination of which before the onset of the disease would allow assessing the likelihood of its severe course. The purpose of this literature review was to analyze possible genetic factors characterizing the immune response to the new coronavirus infection that could be associated with the expression of angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and related proteins as predictors of severe Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed original articles published in Medline, PubMed and Scopus databases from December 2019 to November 2020. For searching articles, we used the following keywords: New coronavirus infection, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, severe course, complications, thrombosis, cytokine storm, ACE-2, biomarkers. In total, 3714 publications were selected using the keywords, of which 8 were in congruence with all the criteria. The literature analysis of the association of immunogenic characteristics and the expression of ACE-2 and related proteins with the development of severe COVID-19 revealed following genetic factors: HLA-B*46:01 genotype, CXCR6 gene hypoexpression, CCR9 gene expression, TLR7, rs150892504 mutations in the ERAP2 gene, overexpression of wild-type ACE-2, TMPRSS2 and its different polymorphisms. Genes, associated with the severe course, are more common among men. According to the analysis data, it can be assumed that there are population differences. However, the diagnostic significance of the markers described must be confirmed with additional clinical studies.

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) concurrent with pseudomembranous colitis in the early postpartum period: a clinical case

2021 ◽  
Vol 9_2021 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Shklyaev A.E. Shklyaev A ◽  
Bessonov A.G. Bessonov A ◽  
Chushyalova D.A. Chushyalova D ◽  
Mikhailova M.D. Mikhailova M ◽  
Meleshkina M.V. Meleshkina M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN RUSSIA: RESULTS OF A STUDY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "WORLD INTERNET PROJECT - 2021"

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
I.A. Batanina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Brodovskaya ◽  
A.Y. Dombrovskaya ◽  
R.V. Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
Digital Gap

The results of the All-Russian survey on the social well-being of citizens in the con-text of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The baseline results were con-clusions about changes in Russians 'offline and online consumer behavior, social expecta-tions, fears and citizens' perception of universal vaccination as a measure to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The study showed that three types of fears prevail among Russians: coronavirus infection of relatives and friends, their own illness when they do not receive the necessary medical care, and a drop in income (worsening living conditions) amid an uncon-trollably spreading pandemic. The analysis of the survey database showed the activation of digital behavior of citizens in the context of the pandemic, which became a favorable factor in the development of online retail. Against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 vi-rus, the age structure of the Russian national audience is changing, and the digital gap be-tween generations is gradually being bridged. The pandemic triggered the involvement of older people in the digital space. Cluster analysis of the research data made it possible to segment Russians into three groups in relation to the pandemic and measures to overcome it: covid-pessimists, who suffered the most from the restrictions of the corona virus and did not adapt to life under conditions of covid-restrictions; covid-optimists who have successfully adapted to new circumstances in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus; covid-realists focused on constructively overcoming the negative consequences of restrictive pandemic measures. Their socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics have been ana-lyzed, and the specificity of the civic position of representatives of various clusters of Rus-sians has been established.

CORONAVIRUS IMPACT ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2498
Author(s):  
L.V. Abdrakhmanova ◽  
◽  
E.S. Shchigortsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The article analyzes the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection on the world economy. The high degree of infection and the rapid spread of COVID-19 caused the quarantine of certain cities and regions of the world, and since March 2020, the borders between the countries have been completely closed. This situation, naturally, could not but affect the global economic activity. The crisis caused by the pandemic has led to the fact that the leaders of the countries were forced to first of all pay attention to health problems and seriously reduce funding in other sectors of the economy. The forced self-isolation regime of the population affected all spheres of life, without exception, large and medium, and, especially, small business suffered. The sectors of the economy most affected by the coronavirus pandemic include: air and road transportation, the leisure and entertainment industry, fitness and sports, tourism, hospitality, catering, the education system, the organization of conferences and exhibitions, the provision of personal services to the population, dentistry, retail trade in non-food products, the media and the production of printed materials, etc. Statistical data on the number of cases of new coronavirus infection by country (as well as those who recovered and died from it) are today not so much of a medical nature as evidence of a deepening global economic crisis. The decline in production volumes on a global scale entails a reduction in the global consumption of most types of industrial raw materials and energy carriers. According to analysts’ forecasts, the possibility of a quick return to the previous economic activity is not foreseen, negative processes may continue for the next several years. The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious test of the readiness of the world economy to effectively resolve global problems, overcome the negative consequences of the spread of the virus and focus on those positive opportunities, the development of which can lead to economic growth in the long term. One of these promising areas of economic development is the further digitalization of society, the development of new digital technologies.

Agriculture Business Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Kenneth David Strang ◽  
Ferdinand Ndifor Che ◽  
Narasimha Rao Vajjhala
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Global Agriculture

Researchers need to investigate global life-threatening problems tied to agriculture such as food insecurity and malnutrition pandemics. This chapter reviews empirical fact-based state-of-the-art literature underlying the agri-business adoption barriers and the agriculture food insecurity crises. The authors focus their effort on identifying the hot spots of global agriculture problems, in developing nations. They use critical analysis to identify the most pressing issues and controversies surrounding West Africa. They then explore empirical literature suggesting possible remedies and future research needs to resolve the agriculture problems, in a way that these concepts would generalize globally and be of interest to other scholars. They produce several conceptual models to assist future agriculture research scholars including keyword thematic diagrams, cross-case subject analysis, topic contingency analysis, and literature topic synthesis. They then focus on probable solutions and they create several conceptual models to summarize those. They close with recommendations for future research.

E-Government and E-Democracy in Latin America

2005 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Ester Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Portal Site ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Online Access

Latin America is suffering from many of the negative consequences of globalization, without benefiting from many of its advantages. Among the advantages are those derived from the increasing availability of ICT and from the potential development of citizens’ participation to foster e-democracy. In general, the corporation of ICT have not been carefully thought through by many of the governments in LAC. In the case of e-government, the effects of the underlying relationship models between government and society as portrayed on each country’s main portal site (hereinafter called “portal”) not only vary but generally do not show any appreciation of the transformation of government services. Mexico, Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Uruguay and Brazil appear to be engaged in the early processes of modernization of services, networking, and online access to governmental administration. The rest of LAC appear to be well behind these countries efforts.

Effective Purification of Water from Iron Ions and Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms Using a Montmorillonite Composite Sorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1806-1812
Author(s):  
A. I. Vezentsev ◽  
V. A. Peristiy ◽  
V. D. Bukhanov ◽  
L. F. Peristaya ◽  
P. V. Sokolovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Composite Sorbent ◽  
Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Purification Of Water

scholarly journals Assessment of Postvaccine Immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Patients with Asplenia, including an Analysis of Its Impact on Bacterial Flora of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Incidence of Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Olender ◽  
Katarzyna Małkińska ◽  
Jacek Roliński ◽  
Ewelina Grywalska ◽  
Elżbieta Pels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms

S. pneumoniae is a microorganism that may cause a serious threat in postsplenectomy patients due to a potentially invasive course of infection. In order to assess a protective activity after vaccination with the 23-valent vaccine, we made an analysis of the level of antibodies in patients with asplenia compared to a control group of healthy donors. Additionally, colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms of the upper respiratory tract was analyzed to determine the carrier state by strains with vaccine serotype. No such strains were found in the research, yet three non-vaccine-serotype strains were found. Colonization of the upper respiratory tract by potentially pathogenic microorganisms may be connected with increased susceptibility observed and incidence of infections in patients with asplenia. However, colonization by S. pneumoniae may not have an effect on the level of specific antibodies with the 23-valent vaccine against S. pneumoniae (PPV23) in postsplenectomy patients and healthy people. The response to vaccination against S. pneumoniae showed a lower level of specific antibodies in patients with splenectomy performed more than 2 years before the test than in patients with a recently removed spleen, i.e., from 1 month to 2 years before the test. Vaccination against pneumococci also has positive effects on incidence of other etiology infections, which is of high significance in the prophylaxis of infectious diseases in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Interferons in the Therapy of Severe Coronavirus Infections: A Critical Analysis and Recollection of a Forgotten Therapeutic Regimen with Interferon Beta

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (07) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Brzoska ◽  
Harald von Eick ◽  
Manfred Hündgen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

AbstractThe pharmacological and immunological properties of interferons, especially those of interferon beta, and the corresponding treatment strategies are described, and the results of studies with different interferons in coronavirus infections are analysed. Furthermore, the data obtained with high-dosed native interferon beta in life-threatening acute viral diseases as well as the results of clinical pilot studies with high-dosed recombinant interferon beta-1a are provided because they serve as the rationale for the proposed therapeutic regimen to be applied in acute viral infections. This regimen differs from those approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis and consists of interferon beta-1a administered as a 24 hour intravenous infusion at a daily dose of up to 90 µg for 3–5 consecutive days. Since under this regimen transient severe side effects can occur, it is analysed which patients are suitable for this kind of treatment in general and if patients with severe coronavirus infections could also be treated accordingly.

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