Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial therapy modification during COVID19 pandemic in large tertiary hospital

Objective. assessment of the evolution of the microbiological landscape of the hospital for the period of operation in 2020 into a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection in various departments, including intensive care units; change depending on the results of antibacterial therapy regimens. Materials and Methods. In a retrospective study, conducted from June to December 2020, in a multidisciplinary hospital working with COVID-19 infection, the resistance of isolated strains of microorganisms was analyzed in patients of different age groups. Resistance was assessed with test points in June and November 2020; depending on this, proposals were made to correct the internal (local) protocols of antimicrobial therapy. Results. The need for frequent and regular microbiological monitoring was confirmed. Further, we understood that the territories of the main and temporary hospital of the City Clinical Hospital No. 40 are heterogeneous and there are obvious differences both in structure and in the level of sensitivity. “In practice, these are two different hospitals”. Within the territories, the branches also differ from each other. When analyzing resistance in ICUs, it was revealed that within each hospital in each department, albeit similar in structure and profile of patients, there is a different level of resistance of strains. Conclusions. The structure of sensitivity generally corresponds to the world data, but for some pathogens it differs significantly. Microbiological monitoring should be carried out not only inside the hospital, but also inside the department. The increase in consumption of carbapenems and protected cephalosporins requires a reassessment of the practice of using AMP in any covid hospital, due to the impact on the epidemic situation both in the ICUs and in the hospital.

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Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999201116123457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Saima Habeeb ◽

Manju Chugani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

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Characterisation and social impact of urban youth languages on urban toponymy: S’ncamtho toponomastics in Bulawayo

Literator ◽

10.4102/lit.v39i1.1373 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sambulo Ndlovu

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Urban Youth ◽

Social Impact ◽

Age Groups ◽

Urban Life ◽

Metaphor Comprehension ◽

Comprehension Test ◽

Taxi Industry ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This article focuses on the characterisation of S’ncamtho toponyms in Bulawayo and it goes on to measure the impact of these toponyms on the population of Bulawayo dwellers. S’ncamtho is an urban youth variety that is built on urbanity and streetwise style. The study assumes that, as S’ncamtho is the language of the youth in Bulawayo, people are exposed to S’ncamtho toponyms as the youth are found in all spheres of urban life in Bulawayo, especially the taxi industry which is used by the majority of people in the city. The research collected S’ncamtho verbal toponyms from Godini taxi rank in Bulawayo through undisclosed nonparticipant observations and some from the intuition of the researcher. Intuition and interviews were used to get the etymology of the toponyms and questionnaire tests of familiarity and usage were used to measure the impact of these toponyms on the population. Content analysis is used to characterise and classify S’ncamtho toponyms in Bulawayo and the metaphor comprehension test is used to measure their impact on the population. This article assumes that S’ncamtho has its own toponyms for locations in the city and that these are popular, especially with the youth, but people across age groups now use them.

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Evaluation of Children with COVİD-19 in the First Month of the Outbreak in Turkey; Initial Pediatric Data from a Tertiary Hospital

Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital ◽

10.5222/buchd.2021.80148 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aybüke Akaslan Kara ◽

Elif Kıymet ◽

Elif Böncüoğlu ◽

Şahika Şahinkaya ◽

Ela Cem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Series ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Training And Research ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

The City

Objective: SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the People’s Republic of China affects children as well as all age groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of pediatric cases with COVID-19 in the first month of the epidemic in Turkey. Method: This single center cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Health Sciences Dr Behçet Uz Child Diseases and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital during the period of March 11 – April 20, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data were collected from medical records. All patients were confirmed by real time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. Chidren were classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critically ill patients. Results: In this study, we reported the clinical characteristics of a case series involving 30 chilren with COVID-19 aged from 23 days to 16 years. Twenty-nine (96.7%) patients had confirmed contact with family members for COVİD-19. The majority of patients were asymptomatic (50%) or had mild symptoms (26.7%). Fever (46.6%) and cough (33.3%) were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Our study indicated that COVID 19 in children exhibited less severe symptoms and had better outcomes

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2148. Performance of the BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel in a Clinical Setting of Infectious Diarrhea

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1828 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S728-S728

Author(s):

Gloria Mayela Aguirre-García ◽

Alejandra Moraila-Baez ◽

Adrian Camacho-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Age Groups ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Control Group ◽

Infectious Diarrhea ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Therapy Modification ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Infectious diarrhea remains as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide among all age groups. Conventional methods for diagnosis are time consuming and expensive. The BioFire FilmArray gastrointestinal panel (FA-GIP) tests for 22 enteric pathogens, provides results in a few hours and improves healthcare costs. The impact on antibiotic stewardship is unknown. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort, multi-center study to evaluate FA-GIP clinical performance in hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea. Patients from 3 hospitals from the Christus Muguerza health group were included between January 2017 and August 2018. The FA-GIP was ordered by the treating physician and was not influenced by the study. Duration of antibiotic therapy, length of hospital stay, and therapy modification were assessed. The comparison group consisted of patients with acute diarrhea in which no FA-GIP was ordered. Results Data from 130 patients with FA-GIP and 107 patients with conventional methods were collected. Pathogens were detected by FA-GIP in 72.3% of the cases. The median of duration of antibiotic therapy in FA-GIP group was 5 days (IQR 0–8) vs. 3 days (IQR 0–6) in conventional methods group, (P < 0.05). The mean length of stay was 3.3(SD ± 2.4) in FA-GIP group vs. 1.9 (SD ± 1.0) in the control group (P < 0.05). Patients in FA-GIP group had more days with diarrhea, lower hemoglobin levels, and higher creatinine levels at admission (Table 1). The most frequent pathogens detected were enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 24.4%, norovirus in 19.1%, Clostridium difficile in 17.0% and Campylobacter jejuni in 15.9% (Table 2). Therapy modification after FA-GIP results was made in 51.1% of the patients with a detected pathogen, and in 42.8% of patients with no pathogen detected in FA-GIP the antibiotic was stopped. Conclusion Patients in the FA-GIP group had a more complex clinical scenario upon admission, they also had a longer duration of antibiotic therapies and longer length of stay. Although antibiotic therapy was positively influenced by the FA-GIP result, and no pathogen detection leads to withdrawal of unnecessary antibiotics. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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COVID-19: WHAT PEDIATRICIANS LEARNED ABOUT PECULIARITIES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AFTER YEAR OF FIGHTING IT

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2020-99-6-32-51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 32-51

Author(s):

L.S. Namazova-Baranova ◽

◽

A.A. Baranov ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Age Groups ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Body ◽

Medical Community ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Worst Case ◽

The World ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Impact

A year ago, the world heard about an outbreak of a new severe coronavirus infection in China, which later, after its rapid spread across the globe, WHO defined as a pandemic. Pediatricians, of course, expected the worst-case scenario and mass illness of the most vulnerable patients – children and people of older age groups with a new infectious disease. From the immunological point of view, everything is obvious – the new pathogen is most dangerous for those who have not yet formed a defense against it, or for those with weakened defense. But it quickly became clear that, unlike, for example, a flu pandemic, there is an unexpected situation when adults, including elderly and senile patients, become seriously ill and die, and children remain practically outside the spread of the infectious process. During a year of living «in a new reality», not only physicians, but all of humanity learned to respond to a new infectious challenge, empirically looking for possible therapeutic or diagnostic interventions and at the same time trying to plan and implement scientific research that would help shed light on the questions posed. For the first time, the international medical community united to perform serious clinical trials of drugs that were proposed for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. As a result of actions of scientists and clinicians around the world, answers to some questions were obtained, however, most of the information on the impact of the new coronavirus on the human body, including children, is still unavailable to medical practitioners. The review presents latest data on the causative agent of the new coronavirus infection, its effect on the body of children and adults, describes peculiarities of immune response to the new virus, and outlines basic principles of managing such patients in real clinical practice.

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Tinnitus and Otosclerosis: An Exploratory Study about the Prevalence, Features and Impact in Daily Life

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1739967 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Fontes Lima ◽

Filipa Carvalho Moreira ◽

Isabel Esteves Costa ◽

Catia Azevedo ◽

Fernando Mar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Daily Life ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Aged Patients ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Female Predominance ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is experienced by a significant part of the patients suffering from otosclerosis. Objective To assess the prevalence of tinnitus in otosclerosis, its main features, and the impact on the daily life. Methods Patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in 2019 in a tertiary hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic data were retrieved and, besides a regular audiometric evaluation, the patients underwent acuphenometry to assess the psychoacoustic measurements (pitch and loudness), and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Results In total, 66 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a female predominance (63.6%; n = 42), and a mean age of 48.7 years. The mean air-bone gap was of 26.3 dB. A total of 72.7% complained of tinnitus; it was mostly unilateral, identified in the low frequencies, namely 500 Hz, with median loudness of 7.5 dB. The median score on the THI score was of 37; most patients had a mild handicap (33.3%, n = 16), followed by those with a severe handicap (22.9%; n = 11). The female gender had a statistically significant association with the presence of tinnitus. The THI scores were higher in middle-aged patients (age groups: 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years), which was statistically significant. No correlation was found between audiometry results and the prevalence of tinnitus or score on the THI. On the other hand, high-pitched tinnitus, compared to low pitched-tinnitus, was associated with larger air-bone gaps. Conclusion The prevalence of tinnitus in our population was in line with the prevalences reported in the literature. It caused a catastrophic handicap in 22.9% of the patients. High-pitched tinnitus was associated with higher handicap. Nonetheless, the existence of tinnitus and its severity were not associated with the degree of hearing loss.

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MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO AIDS: A STUDY OF BURDEN OF DISEASE AT A MUNICIPAL LEVEL

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652015000500006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 407-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jane DA SILVA ◽

Victoria RAMOS ◽

Helena Caetano Gonçalves DA SILVA ◽

Jefferson TRAEBERT

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

National Health System ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Introduction: The purpose of measuring the burden of disease involves aggregating morbidity and mortality components into a single indicator, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), to measure how much and how people live and suffer the impact of a disease. Objective: To estimate the global burden of disease due to AIDS in a municipality of southern Brazil. Methods: An ecological study was conducted in 2009 to examine the incidence and AIDS-related deaths among the population residing in the city of Tubarao, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Data from the Mortality Information System in the National Health System was used to calculate the years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality. The calculation was based on the difference between a standardized life expectancy and age at death, with a discount rate of 3% per year. Data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases were used to calculate the years lived with disability (YLD). The DALY was estimated by the sum of YLL and YLD. Indicator rates were estimated per 100,000 inhabitants, distributed by age and gender. Results: A total of 131 records were examined, and a 572.5 DALYs were estimated, which generated a rate of 593.1 DALYs/100,000 inhabitants. The rate among men amounted to 780.7 DALYs/100,000, whereas among women the rate was 417.1 DALYs/100,000. The most affected age groups were 30-44 years for men and 60-69 years for women. Conclusion: The burden of disease due to AIDS in the city of Tubarao was relatively high when considering the global trend. The mortality component accounted for more than 90% of the burden of disease.

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ON THE IMPACT OF THE TAXATION SYSTEM OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES ON THE FORMATION OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY AND BARNAUL)

Economics Profession Business ◽

10.14258/epb202111 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

I. V. Strizshkina ◽

V. N. Strizshkina ◽

L. A. Kapustyan

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Patent System ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Single Tax ◽

Tax Regimes ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Taxation System ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

In the new conditions of the crisis caused by the coronavirus infection, enterprises are in dire need of support from the state. The old taxation system made it impossible to use. The state has proposed new approaches to taxation of small and medium-sized businesses. The main reasons for changes in legislation related to the abolition of UTII and the application of new tax regimes have been identified. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using a single tax on imputed tax, replacing this tax with a patent taxation system and a self-taxation system. The retrospective of the application of UTII is analyzed and carried out, the results of its application are considered. On the example of a specific region, the Altai Territory, the number of taxpayers who used the unified imputed income tax (UTII) and the prospect of paying tax under the new patent system were analyzed. The article discusses the results of the tax reform and the features of its implementation during the period of coronavirus infection. The article discusses the specifics of the application of the patent system in various industries, since the Altai Territory has an agricultural focus, in contrast to other regions. An attempt was also made to calculate the budget revenues of the city of Barnaul, subject to the transition to a new taxation system, optimistic conclusions and assumptions about a positive trend in income growth were made.

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COVID-19 scenarios for comparing the effectiveness of age-specific vaccination regimes, exemplified for the city of Aschaffenburg (Germany)

10.1101/2021.08.31.21262915 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Krebs ◽

Holger von Jouanne-Diedrich ◽

Michael J Moeckel

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Published Data ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Agent Based ◽

The Past ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Purpose of this report: The purpose of this rapid communication is to illustrate the effectiveness of different vaccination regimes for controlling the number of severe and critical COVID-19 cases in the city of Aschaffenburg, Germany. Our results show that, despite numerous vaccinations in the past, further vaccinations are necessary to immunize the population and to keep the number of severe and critical cases low in the coming months. Considering that not all people can or want to receive vaccination, we compare different age-specific vaccination approaches. Applied Methods: We use the agent-based epidemiological simulator Covasim for discussing the impact of different vaccination strategies. We calibrate it to reproduce the historical course of the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Aschaffenburg, Germany; for this, we model and integrate numerous public health interventions imposed on the local population. As for some of the political actions rigorous quantification is currently not available, we fit those unknown (free) model parameters to published data on the measured epidemiological dynamics. Then we calculate the state of immunization of the population, gained through infections and vaccinations, at any time in the past, including models for time-dependent immunity decay that have been made available in Covasim. Finally, we define and compare scenar-ios of different vaccination regimes, especially with regard to vaccinating adolescents and providing booster vaccinations to the elderly. Key message: Without further vaccinations, we expect a strong increase in severe and critical cases. In order to restrict their growth our simulations suggest that in all considered cases vaccinations of unvaccinated people is more effective than booster vaccinations for already fully vaccinated people. This applies even to vaccinations of young people who are not themselves at high risk of developing severe or critical illness. We attribute this observation to the fact that immunization of adolescents indirectly protects vulnerable age groups by preventing the spread of the virus more ef-fectively than further immunizing other age groups. This indicates that with the pandemic ongoing, strategies focussed on minimizing individual health risks by vaccinations may no longer coincide with those needed to minimize the num-ber of severe and critical cases.

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Naturalness in the City: Demographic Groups’ Differences in Preference for Deciduous Landscape

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7615

Author(s):

Rong Fan ◽

Junxi Fan ◽

Jiayu Song ◽

Kaiyuan Li ◽

Wenli Ji

Keyword(s):

Landscape Planning ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Landscape Conservation ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Theoretical Support ◽

Fallen Leaves ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

In the past few years, deciduous landscape conservation has become a trend in China; however, the theoretical support is still limited, and the impact of demographic characteristics on people’s attitude toward deciduous landscape still needs to be explained. This study aimed at exploring the differences among demographic groups through Likert scale questionnaires of 981 respondents. The results show that of all characteristics, only age has a significant influence on deciduous landscape preference. However, there is a paradox for elderly people: they have the highest preference for deciduous landscape and the lowest intention to keep deciduous landscape in their lives at the same time. Moreover, the elderly tend to care about the underlying surface of deciduous landscape while the reliable predictor for other age groups is the color of fallen leaves. These findings can be useful for practical applications, which might guide future development of deciduous landscape planning and maintenance.

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