scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FEED ADDITIVES "KOUPIT DRY PLUS" IN THE PREVENTION OF INTERNAL NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN COWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.А. ГЕРЦЕВА ◽  
Д.В. ДУБОВ ◽  
А.В. КАДЫРОВ ◽  
Е.В. КИСЕЛЕВА ◽  
А.В. СИТЧИХИНА
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Experimental Group

В научной работе изучена эффективность профилактики внутренних незаразных болезней в послеродовом периоде у коров путем введения в рацион глубоко сухостойных коров кормовой добавки «Кауфит драй плюс». Эффективность кормовой добавки оценивали, анализируя частоту встречаемости незаразной патологии, данные физикального осмотра, морфологические и биохимические изменения в крови, рН-мочи и рубцовой жидкости. Исследования проводились на двух группах аналогов глубоко сухостойных коров (контрольная и опытная). Было установлено, что на 21-й день после отела в опытной группе по сравнению с контролем достоверно уменьшилась частота встречаемости: задержания последа на 11,7%, послеродового эндометрита на 10,0%, родильного пареза на 8,3%, клинического мастита на 8,4%. Однако случаи заболевания смещения сычуга за исследуемый период в опытной группе увеличились на 1,6%, кетоза – на 3,3%, гипотонии рубца – на 3,3%, асептических болезней копыт – на 4,9%. В опытной группе отмечено достоверное повышение кислотности рубцовой жидкости (с 6,82±0,38 до 5,41±0,24, р<0,01) и мочи (с 8,23±0,18 до 6,53±0,12, p<0,01); произошло достоверное снижение уровня глюкозы на 39,4% (p<0,01), увеличение содержания кетоновых тел в 2,8 раза, повышение уровня кальция и фосфора на 22,4 и 18,2% (p<0,05) соответственно. Обнаруженные изменения в биохимическом профиле крови исследуемых коров свидетельствуют о развитии энергетического дефицита в организме коров опытной группы и развитии гипокальциемии в организме коров контрольной группы. Применение кормовой добавки «Кауфит Драй плюс» достоверно снижает риск развития гипокальциемии, родильного пареза, послеродового эндометрита, задержания последа и клинического мастита, но увеличивает риск развития таких болезней в послеродовом периоде как гипотония рубца, кетоз, смещение сычуга, асептических болезней копыт. The effectiveness of prevention of internal non-contagious diseases in the postpartum period in cows due to the introduction of a feed additive "Kaufit dry plus" into the diet of deeply dry cows was studied in the scientific work. The effectiveness of the feed additive was evaluated by analyzing the incidence of non-infectious pathology, physical examination data, morphological and biochemical changes in blood, pH-urine and scar fluid. The studies were carried out on two groups of analogues of deeply dry cows (control and experimental). It was determined that on 21 days after calving in the experimental group, compared with the control, the incidence of retention of the afterbirth significantly decreased by 11.7%, postpartum endometritis by 10.0%, puerperal paresis by 8.3%, clinical mastitis by 8.4%. However, cases of abomasal displacement during the study period in the experimental group increased by 1.6%, ketosis - by 3.3%, scar hypotension - by 3.3%, aseptic hoof diseases-by 4.9%. In the experimental group, there was a significant increase in the acidity of scar fluid (from 6.82±0.38 to 5.41±0.24, p<0.01) and urine (from 8.23±0.18 to 6.53±0.12, p<0.01); there was a significant decrease in glucose by 39.4 % (p<0.01), an increase in the content of ketone bodies by 2.8 times, an increase in calcium and phosphorus by 22.4% and 18.2% (p<0.05), respectively. The detected changes in the biochemical profile of the blood of the studied cows indicate the development of energy deficiency in the body of cows of the experimental group and the development of hypocalcemia in the body of cows of the control group. The use of the feed additive "Kaufit dry plus" significantly reduces the risk of hypocalcemia, puerperal paresis, postpartum endometritis, retention of the afterbirth and clinical mastitis, but increases the risk of such diseases in the postpartum period as hypotension of the scar, ketosis, displacement of the rennet, aseptic diseases of the hooves.

scholarly journals The Influence of Highly Dispersed Metal Forms on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Polygastric Animals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makaeva Ayna Maratovna ◽  
Sizova Elena Anatolevna ◽  
Atlanderova Ksenya Nikolaevna
Keyword(s):  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Group I ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

Determining which forms of mineral feed additives can increase farm animal productivity is a key area of research. This study assessed the mineral composition of ruminal fluid and the effectiveness of calcium and phosphorus used by animals after the introduction of finely dispersed particles (FDP) of SiO2 (group I) and FeCo (group II) with a hydrodynamic radius of 109.6 ± 16.6 and 265 ± 25 nm, respectively. The deposition and use of calcium and phosphorus in the body of the experimental animals exceeded the control values. In group I, 30.8% more calcium was deposited (p ≥ 0.05), and in group II, the value was 30.3% (p ≥ 0.01). In the experimental groups, the calcium utilization rate was 27.3% higher in group I (p ≥ 0.05), and 28.2% higher in group II (p ≥ 0.01) compared to in the control. Phosphorus deposition was 34% higher (p ≤ 0.01) in experimental group I and 6% higher in experimental group II, compared with the control. Group I had a high utilization rate of phosphorus from the feed (with a 29% difference compared to the control). Comparison of the experimental groups revealed that the introduction of SiO2 FDP promoted an increase in the concentration of silicon, phosphorus, and calcium in the ruminal fluid. The introduction of FeCo FDP was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of iron and cobalt in the ruminal fluid. Thus, the use of feed additive in finely dispersed form in the diet of animals was accompanied by an increase in the use of calcium and phosphorus by the animal’s body, which is advisable when intensifying milk and meat productivity. The obtained results require further research. Keywords: finely dispersed forms of microelements, ruminants, calcium and phosphorus exchange, feeding

scholarly journals Features of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens when using the feed additive Peak-Antistress in the diet

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
A. V. Mitfakhutdinov ◽  
E. R. Saifulmuliukov
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Experimental Group

Scientific publications describe the positive effect of feed additives and pharmacological complexes on metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens, in particular, on the protein composition of the blood, meat productivity and protein accumulation in meat. The Peak-Antistress feed additive developed at the Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology of the South Ural State Agrarian University allows to reduce the technological load on the poultry body by stimulating the general metabolism and complex antioxidant action. Experiments on the use of the feed additive Peak-Antistress were carried out on broiler chickens of the final hybrid of the Arbor Acres cross in an industrial-type poultry farm with floor technology. The poultry was divided into three groups of 6,000 chickens each and kept in one workshop in separate sections. The control group received the main diet, the 1st experimental group received the main diet and feed additive at a dose of 1269 g / t of feed 5 days before slaughter, the 2nd experimental group received the main diet and feed additive at a dose of 1693 g / t of feed 5 days before slaughter. Slaughter of broiler chickens was carried out according to the technological instructions of the enterprise on the 38th day. Against the background of the use of the feed additive in the experimental groups of broiler chickens, stimulation of protein metabolism was observed, as evidenced by an increase in total protein in the blood by 7.9–20.1%, an increase in the level of protein in white meat by 0.1–0.3%, and a tendency to an increase in amino acids in white meat protein by 0.2–12.3%.

scholarly journals «Energosil» in the diets of replacement gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
A. A. Suvorov ◽  
в Sh. Gayirbegov ◽  
A. S. Fedin ◽  
A. M. Guryanov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Experimental Group

The article gives scientific substantiation of using silicon-containing new feed additive “Energosil” for replacement gilts. The studies were conducted in pig-breeding complex of the Center for Practical Training of Agricultural Specialists in Mordovia Republic. There were three experimental groups of replacement gilts (10 animals each). The effect of various dosages of Energosil (5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg per kg of body weight) on digestibility, nutrient utilization, and animal growth energy was studied. The most optimal dosage of a new feed additive in their rations was revealed, which constituted 5 mg / kg of the animal live weight. It was established that the animals from the first experimental group, who received silicon-containing feed additives of this amount digested the nutrients of the diet better than their counterparts from the other groups. Compared to the control group, the digestibility of dry matter increased by 3.62% (p<0.05), organic matter by 3.29% (p<0.01), crude protein by 4.09% (p<0.001), fat by 4.30% (p<0.01), cellulose by 3.79% (p<0.01) and nitrogen-free extractives by 2.03% (p>0.05).Replacement gilts of the first experimental group, who were given Energosil in the amount of 5 mg / kg body weight in addition to the basic ration, retained nitrogen in their bodies by 17.1%, calcium by 55.9% and phosphorus by 69.7% more than their counterparts from the control group. It contributed to an increase in body weight of gilts from the first group compared to control counterparts by 10.8%. Increased dosages of Energosil (7.5 and 10 mg / kg body weight) also had a better effect on the growth energy of gilts compared with the control group. The feed additive in the amount of 7.5 mg kg of animal  live weight contributed to an increase in animal weight compared with control counterparts by 6.21 kg or 4.8% (p<0.05), with a third experimental group by 4.4 kg or by 3.4% (p<0.05). When given Energosil in the dosage of 10 mg/kg, the body weight of gilts from the third experimental group was higher by 1.81 kg or 1.4% (p> 0.05) compared with the control counterparts.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of natural mineral feed additives in the cultivation of young sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
B.S. Ubushaev ◽  
◽  
A.K. Natyrov ◽  
B.K. Salaev ◽  
N.N. Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim. The effectiveness of the use of the mineral feed additive bischofit in the diets of young sheep in the South of Russia at various doses and its impact on the productive qualities of young sheep. Materials and Methods. The material for conducting the experiment in this household was the livestock of sheep of the Grozny breed on fattening. The sheep of the control group received a basic household diet, the I experimental group received 5 ml of bischofite per head per day in addition to the main diet, the II experimental group received 8 ml of feed additive. Classical zootechnical methods were used in the process of work, including wool yield and physical and technological properties were studied individually in 3 experimental animals from each group according to the VNIIOK method. The research materials were processed by the methods of variation statistics using the Microsoft Office software package. Results. Young sheep from the I experimental group, who received bischofite at 5 ml / head per day, were 9.4% more in live weight than in the control group. Young sheep that received 5 ml of feed additive had the best meat index, and exceeded the control group in terms of pulp yield by 12.5%. The maximum deviation from the average value of the cut of pure wool in the upward direction (110.6%) was observed in I experimental group. The most durable wool of 7.24 sN / tex is found in the group that received the bischofit feed additive as part of the main diet. Conclusion. To compensate for the lack of mineral substances of the natural and environmentally safe feed additive bischofit at a dose of 5 ml / head per day, it changes the metabolic reactions in the body in a positive way, which is confirmed by an increase in the growth of live weight and wool productivity.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of phytobiotic for prophylactic non-contagious gastrointestinal diseases in suckling piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.O. Lukashchuk ◽  
L.G. Slivinska ◽  
A.R. Shcherbatyy
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of prophylactic effectiveness phytobiotic feed additive XTRACT™ 6930 for non-contagious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the composition of the basic diet of suckling pigs on modern pig farm. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract make up from 40 to 60% of internal pathology in pigs. Used phytobiotic XTRACT™ 6930 with preventive measures, which had positive influence on oxygen-transport function of blood, hemoglobin synthesis and erythrocytopoesis in animals, as indicated by the number of erythrocytes, MCH and hematocrit in blood of suckling piglets from experimental group. Feeding of XTRACT™ 6930 had also positive influence on leukopoesis, as indicated by increased leukocyte rate in blood of suckling piglets from experimental group within physiological fluctuations. Increase of leukocyte rate can be caused by stimulation of non-specific resistance in piglets, which plays main role in defence of animals during early ontogenesis. As it is known, stabilization of phagocytic activity of leukocytes occurs during first months of age, when the body of pigs is able to synthesize most humoral factors of protection. Application of suckling piglets feed additive XTRACT™ 6930 for 18 days resulted in a positive impact on metabolism: increased levels of total protein, albumin, glucose serum; reduced levels of urea, phosphorus; reduced the activity of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT within physiological fluctuations. The use of phytobiotic feed additive XTRACT™ 6930 in experimental group of piglets increased the survival of piglets from experimental group in sucking period compared with control group of animals by reducing the percentage of morbidity and mortality from non-contagious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, it was established that the use XTRACT™ 6930 has positive effect on biochemical blood parameters of piglets, decreases their morbidity and mortality before weaning.

The blood parameters of steers of Kazakh White-headed breed against the background of the use of feed additive

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
A. A. Volokhovich ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Percentage Ratio

Currently it has become popular to use different feed additives that allow us to increase the indicators of live weight gain by accelerating the metabolic processes in the body of animals, which allows us to take everything from the feed and to the maximum. With the advent of this trend in the market the range of feed additives in different directions has increased. For the research we have selected Vermiculite Expanded as a feed additive. The purpose of the research was to search the dynamics of changes in blood parameters in experimental steers in comparison with the control group against the background of the use of the feed additive Vermiculite Expanded. An assessment of blood parameters of Kazakh White-headed steers against the background of the use of mineral feed additive has been presented in the article. Three groups of steers have been formed for the research: the 1st group has been as a control and received the main economic ration; the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received the feed additive to the main feeding ration in doses of 10 and 15 g/head for the groups, respectively. On the laboratory base blood tests we were able to search the correlation between morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the growth rate of experimental steers. The steers of the 2nd and 3rd groups during the experiment had an advantage in blood serum indicators in terms of both total lipids and glucose, in the end, the difference in percentage ratio with the control group was 14,08 % in the 2nd group and 12,60 % in the 3rd experimental group. It is worth noting that the concentration of phosphorus and calcium in the blood was at the high level, which in our opinion reflects the influence of the feed additive Vermiculite Expanded.

Zootechnical and economic evaluation of the use of energy additives in the rations of highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
I. Mikolaychik ◽  
L. Morozova ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
E. Bulygina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to compensate for the lack of energy in the ration of lactating cows, optimize carbohydrate metabolism and maintain health, specialized feed additives are often used, which include components that make up for or stimulate metabolic processes during metabolism, which reduces the accumulation of ketone bodies. The researches have been carried out in CJSC Glinki in the Kurgan region (Russia). The cows of Black-and-White breed were as the object of research. The purpose of the research was to provide practical justifi cation for the use of modern energy additives in the rations of highly productive cows during the period of increasing the milk yield. It has been found in the course of the conducted research that the cows of the 1st experimental group received in addition to the main ration the energy feed additive Enermix plus in the amount of 250 g/head/day milk yield of natural fat content was highest and exceeded by 273,42 kg or 7,59 % (P < 0,05) of the control group’s herdmates. It has been found in terms of milk at 4 % fat content that for 100 days of lactation 3915,03 kg of milk has been received from cows of the 1st experimental group, which was by 332,55 kg or 9,28 % (P < 0,05) more than from analogues of the control group. At the same time, the yield of milk fat in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group was 157,67 kg, which was more than the same indicator of cows of the control group by 14,88 kg or 10,42 % (P < 0,05). It has been found that additional feeding of highly productive cows of Black-and-White breed of energy feed additive of domestic production Enermix plus in the dose of 250 g/head/day increases the level of their milk productivity and has a positive infl uence on the composition of milk and economic indicators of production.

scholarly journals Digestiveness of nutrients and nitrogen balance in rabbits with different quantities of feed additives in feed

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
M.M. Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

To study the effect of different doses of feed additive TC VMP in the composition of complete feed granular feed on the digestibility of nutrients and retention of Nitrogen in young rabbits with intensive cultivation technology, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted. To carry out a balance experiment, four rabbits were selected from each group of test animals, which were placed individually in specially equipped cages. The experiment was performed by the method of groups in three periods: preparatory – 7 days, preliminary – 5 days, accounting – 6 days. Analysis of feed, feces, urine was performed according to generally accepted methods of zoochemical analysis. For feeding young animals of experimental groups of rabbits used complete ration granular feed, in the structure of which there was a different content of feed additives. Rabbits were fed complete feed granular feed where the content of wheat bran was – 25.7%, barley grain – 13.0%, corn grain – 5.0%, soybean meal – 2.5%, sunflower meal – 15.0%, hay flour alfalfa – 25.0%, oats – 10.0%, table salt – 0.35%. The nutritional value of granular complete feed for all experimental groups of rabbits was the same. According to the balance experiment, the best indicators of nutrient digestibility were found in young rabbits of New Zealand breed, with a feeding dose of feed additive TC VMP in the composition of granular feed – 3.5%. At this dose, the coefficient of digestibility of organic matter was 63.3%, crude protein – 67.9, crude fat – 74.1, crude fiber – 24.8 and nitrogen-free extractives – 72.3%, which increased the digestibility of organic matter by 2.5%, crude protein by 3.9% (p≤0.05), crude fat by 2.9%, crude fiber and BER by 1.9 and 2.6%, respectively, in young rabbits, with intensive rearing on meat. It was found that in the body of animals of the experimental group, which were fed as part of the feed additive of TC VMP in the amount of 3.5%, the ratio between the amount of nitrogen absorbed from the consumed rabbits of this experimental group was dominated by animals from the control group by 2.92% 0.05). Thus, research data indicate a positive effect of feed additive TC VMP on the growth and development of young rabbits of New Zealand breed. Key words: digestibility coefficient, young rabbits, compound feed, organic matter, protein, fat, fiber, copper.

scholarly journals CHLORELLA SUSPENSION IN PIGS’ RATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
O. Karunskyi ◽  
Т. Voroniuk ◽  
М. Madani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Experimental Group

The article covers addition of chlorella suspension, its effect on nitrogen balance, digestibility of nutrients and amino acids, pig productivity. Various feed additives, micro-element mixtures, and vitamins are used in animal nutrition to deal with the deficiency ofcertain vitamins and mineral elements in the rations. The peculiarity of chlorella suspension as a feed additive is in the ability to cultivate it throughout the whole year and in the availability of optimized technologies for its cultivation and use. Chlorella suspension is rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and fiber. Introduction of chlorella suspension into pigs’ diets has helped to increase the digestibility coefficients of both inessential (by 7.5 %) and essential (by 2 %) amino acids. Feeding the animals with chlorella suspension has also resulted in the release of nitrogen retained in animals’ bodies by 13 % compared to the control group. The additional use of chlorella suspension in the diet of fattening pigs (large white) was found to increase the average daily gain by 21.9% compared to the control group which did not receive chlorella suspension. The conversion of animal feed to obtain 1 kg of live weight gain in the control group was 5.1 kg, in the experimental group - 4.2 kg, and the conversion rate of feed in the experimental group was higher by 21.4 %.Feeding young pigs with chlorella suspension increases the digestibility of protein by 4.5 %, fiber by 2.0 %, fat - 0.7 %, essential amino acids - 81.6 %. The introduction of chlorella suspension to pig rations leads to an increase in the level of nitrogen in their body by 54.7 %of that taken with feed and 69.15 % of that digested in the body. Pork production profitably using chlorella suspension stood at 12.3 % , which is more by 87,8 % compared to the control group.

Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.

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