scholarly journals THEORETICAL STUDIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF A HEAP BOW IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE BY ADDITIONAL VIBRATIONS OF THE BAR ELEVATOR WITH AN ADJUSTABLE ANGLE OF THE TILT TILT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. Дорохов ◽  
А.В. Сибирёв ◽  
А.Г. Аксенов
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviation ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Transverse Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Working Bodies

Уборка подземной части лука-севка связана с большими трудностями, так как приходится отделять товарную продукцию от большого количества почвы, превышающей объем луковиц в весовом соотношении. Сложность проектирования и создания сепарирующих рабочих органов машин для уборки корнеплодов и лука заключается в большом разнообразии почвенно-климатических условий, в которых происходит технологический процесс уборки. Кроме того, в единообразных почвенно-климатических условиях в пределах одной учетной делянки наблюдается большое отклонение от средних значений основных физических констант почвы – влажности и твердости. Большим препятствием для успешной работы сепарирующих рабочих органов является наличие в сепарируемой массе почвенных комков. Решение проблемы повышения качества работы машин для уборки лука определяется разработкой функционирующих элементов уборочной машины с определенным уровнем интеллектуальности и быстродействия отзывчивости на варьируемые стохастические показатели факторов внешних воздейтвий. Обоснованы основные технологические параметры исследуемого сепарирующего рабочего органа. Получены формулы, позволяющие определить угол подъема полотна пруткового элеватора в поперечном направлении; величину перемещения штока электроцилиндров; поперечную составляющую смещения вороха, обусловленную набеганием полотна пруткового элеватора на встряхиватель; амплитуды колебаний в поперечном и продольном направлениях полотна пруткового элеватора в зависимости от его ширины и длины; а также алгоритм работы пруткового элеватора с регулируемым углом наклона полотна. Определены площадь поперечного сечения вороха лука-севка на прутковом элеваторе с учетом коэффициента полноты сепарации; длина участка пруткового элеватора, на котором происходит смещение вороха лука-севка в результате изменения угла подъема, обусловленная зависимостью скорости движения вороха лука-севка по поверхности пруткового элеватора с учетом коэффициента трения луковиц. Harvesting the underground part of onion sets is associated with great difficulties, since it is necessary to separate commercial products from a large amount of soil, exceeding the volume of bulbs in a weight ratio. The complexity of designing and creating separating working bodies of machines for harvesting root crops and onions lies in a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions in which the technological process of harvesting takes place. In addition, under uniform soil and climatic conditions, within one accounting plot, a large deviation from the average values ​​of the basic physical constants of the soil — moisture and hardness — is observed. The big obstacle to the successful operation of the separating working bodies is the presence of soil lumps in the separated mass. The solution to the problem of improving the quality indicators of onion harvesting machines is determined by the development of the functioning elements of the harvesting machine with a certain level of intelligence and responsiveness to variable stochastic indicators of external factors. The main technological parameters of the investigated separating working body are substantiated. Formulas are obtained that allow one to determine the elevation angle of the bar elevator blade in the transverse direction, the displacement distance of the electric cylinder rod, the transverse component of the heap displacement due to the run-in of the bar elevator blade on the shaker, the vibration amplitudes in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the bar elevator blade, depending on its width and length, as well as the algorithm of the bar elevator with an adjustable blade angle. The cross-sectional area of the onion set heap on the bar elevator is determined taking into account the separation completeness coefficient, the length of the section of the bar elevator where the onion set heap is displaced as a result of the change in the elevation angle due to the dependence of the speed of the onion set heap over the surface of the bar elevator taking into account the coefficient of friction of the bulbs.

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals Results of Laboratory Studies of the Automated Sorting System for Root and Onion Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Alexey Dorokhov ◽  
Alexander Aksenov ◽  
Alexey Sibirev ◽  
Nikolay Sazonov ◽  
Maxim Mosyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Manual Sorting ◽  
Sorting System ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Automatic Removal

The roller and sieve machines most commonly used in Russia for the post-harvest processing of root and tuber crops and onions have a number of disadvantages, the main one being a decrease in the quality of sorting due to the contamination of working bodies, which increases the quantity of losses during sorting and storage. To obtain high-quality competitive production, it is necessary to combine a number of technological operations during the sorting process, such as dividing the material into classes and fractions by quality and size, as well as identifying and removing damaged products. In order to improve the quality of sorting of root tubers and onions by size, it is necessary to ensure the development of an automatic control system for operating and technological parameters, the use of which will eliminate manual sorting on bulkhead tables in post-harvest processing. To fulfill these conditions, the developed automatic control system must have the ability to identify the material on the sorting surface, taking into account external damage and ensuring the automatic removal of impurities. In this study, the highest sorting accuracy of tubers (of more than 91%) was achieved with a forward speed of 1.2 m/s for the conveyor of the sorting table, with damage to 2.2% of the tubers, which meets the agrotechnical requirements for post-harvest processing. This feature distinguishes the developed device from similar ones.

scholarly journals Substantiation of technical and operational characteristics of the device to sort corn cobs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Byshov ◽  
Irina A. Petunina ◽  
Elena A. Kotelevskaya ◽  
Sergey N. Borychev ◽  
Georgy K. Rembalovich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Working Bodies

The paper presents a method to substantiate the technical and technological parameters of the device to sort corn cobs, which takes into account the biometric and physical-mechanical properties of the treated plant objects. The method of basic parameters substantiation involves determining the overall dimensions of the device, the geometric and technological parameters of the working bodies, as well as the energy for operation.

Cardiac vasculature and flow during pressure-overload hypertrophy

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. H1031-H1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Breisch ◽  
F. C. White ◽  
L. E. Nimmo ◽  
C. M. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
Aortic Cuff

The effects of pressure-overload hypertrophy (H) on myocardial blood flow and microvasculature were studied in the porcine left ventricle. Hypertrophy was produced in nine adult pigs by an aortic cuff constriction of the ascending aorta. Eight pigs served as controls. After 30 days the aortic cuff was released, and the hypertrophy group was studied 1 day postrelease. The degree of hypertrophy, determined by left ventricular-to-body weight ratio, was 45%. With hypertrophy, left ventricular blood flows were normal at rest. During exercise with adenosine infusion, myocardial blood flow to the endomyocardium was reduced compared with the control (C) group (H = 4.02 +/- 0.35, P less than 0.05; C = 5.33 +/- 0.41 ml X min-1 X g-1). Minimal coronary vascular resistance in the endomyocardium was increased during exercise with adenosine in the hypertrophy group compared with the control group. Anatomic studies revealed that hypertrophy causes a reduction in the endomyocardial capillary density (H = 1,654 +/- 168, P less than 0.025; C = 2,168 +/- 106, no./mm2) with a similar trend noted for the transmural arteriolar density. Arteriolar media wall cross-sectional area was unaffected by the pressure overload. These results indicate that changes in the vascular bed do not parallel myocyte growth during pressure-overload hypertrophy. The resultant anatomic imbalance compromises endomyocardial flow, making this region vulnerable to ischemia.

scholarly journals Optimization of the design and technological parameters of an active ripper of a combined working body

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00068
Author(s):  
S. A. Ivanaisky ◽  
M. A. Kanaev ◽  
Y. A. Kirov ◽  
M. S. Ivanaisky ◽  
S. V. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Working Bodies

The research objective is to improve the quality of soil loosening using combined working bodies for surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The efficiency of accumulation and conservation of precipitation in the autumn-winter period depends on the method of post-harvest soil cultivation. One of them is the autumn surface water-retaining treatment, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the processes of accumulation and conservation of moisture due to the deeper loosening of the cultivated soil layer. During loosening and mulching, the top layer of the soil contributes to the accumulation and preservation of moisture not only in the upper but also in deeper soil horizons. However, the used tillage tools do not fully solve the problem of the high-quality performance of surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The article presents the results of studies of the degree of influence of geometric and technological parameters of the additional active cultivator on the quality of surface tillage. Based on the results of the research carried out, the technological process of performing the surface tillage operation has been improved and combined working bodies have been developed for its implementation.

scholarly journals Influence of wood properties and technological parameters of processing on cutting power in milling of thermally modified beechwood

2011 ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Marija Mandic ◽  
Nebojsa Todorovic ◽  
Ranko Popadic ◽  
Gradimir Danon
Keyword(s):  
Beech Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Cutting Power ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper presents results of influence of thermal modification on cutting power required for milling wood processing. The experiment was conducted for the different treatment temperatures (170?C, 190?C and 210?C) and different technological parameters of processing (feed and cutting depth). Cutting powers during milling were measured on four groups of beech wood samples, dimensions 35?16?400 mm, separately for heartwood and sapwood. The following mechanical and physical properties of the processed samples were tested: bending properties (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity), cross-sectional and tangential hardness, and air-dry density. The measuring device used for measuring, monitoring and displaying cutting power was developed at the Wood Machining Centre at the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade. The results point out the differences in the powers required for processing heat-treated wood compared to untreated wood. The analysis shows that with the increase in treatment temperature, the required cutting powers decrease.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-phosphate Fertilizers Based on Activation of Phosphorite Powder with Partially Ammoniated Mix of Phosphoric and Sulphuric Acids

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. A. Rasulov ◽  
Sh. S. Namazov ◽  
B. E. Sultonov
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phosphoric Acids

In this article obtaining complex nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers based on activation of phosphorite powder with partially ammoniated mix of phosphoric and sulphuric acids have been studied. In order to reduce the foaming of the process, for the first time a partially ammoniated mix of acids was used. The optimal technological parameters for activation phosphorite powder with partially neutralized mixes of sulphuric and phosphoric acids are the followings: the mix of sulphuric and phosphoric acids with a ratio of SО3:Р2О5 = 1.2; рН of acids – 2.5; weight ratio of ammonium sulphate-phosphate slurry towards phosphorite powder is 100 : 20; temperature is 60°С; duration is 30 min.  The composition nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers obtained in optimal condition contains (wt., %): N – 11.55; Р2О5total -24.61; Р2О5acceptable by citric acid -21.66; Р2О5 acceptable by EDTA -20.24; Р2О5water-soluble  -13.02; CaOtotal -13.59; СаОacceptable by citric acid -11.43. In that condition, granulated products of nitrogen-phosphate can be produced with high strength. The advantage of offered promising technology concludes in reduction two times expenditure of the most expensive ammonia in comparison with ammonium sulphate production and an increase in gross domestic product.

scholarly journals ANALYTICAL STUDY OF BEHAVIOR OF COLD FORMED STEEL SECTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT PERFORATION UNDER COMPRESSIVE LOADING

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majahar M. Baraskar ◽  
Pranil Shetake ◽  
Prof. V. M Bogar ◽  
Dr. Y. M Ghugal
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Lower Temperature

Steel is used in construction industry due to its hardness and tensile strength. Cold formed steel is type of steel which is manufactured at lower temperature. Cold form steel became more popular in twentieth century in construction industry due to its high strength to weight ratio and post-buckling strength. The purpose of this study is to study the behavior of cold-formed steel sections of different shapes but of same cross sectional area for compressive loading. Effect of lips within same cross sectional area, effect of perforation and shape stiffener is evaluated on different sections as channel section, Z section and hat section. Eigen value buckling analysis was carried out to on twelve different models to obtain the buckling load and failure pattern. ANSYS WORKBENCH software was used for numerical simulation of sections. I.S. 801:1975 has been taken under consideration wherever required. Based upon the results, optimum section in each of cases as with lips, without lips and perforated amongst all three sections is suggested. Effect of shape stiffeners provided by previous researcher P. Manikandan on solid sections is evaluated to check its suitability with perforated sections.

Abstract P112: Estradiol Induces Physiological Hypertrophic Growth in the Healthy Mouse Heart

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Kararigas ◽  
Ba Tiep Nguyen ◽  
Hubertus Jarry ◽  
Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cycle Regulation

Estradiol-17beta (E2) has been shown to exert anti-hypertrophic actions by either attenuating or blunting the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. However, the vast majority of these studies have been performed in stressed or diseased hearts. Consequently, very little is known about the actions of E2 in the stress- and disease-free heart. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize structurally and molecularly the role of E2 in the healthy heart. Female C57Bl/6J mice were ovariectomized at the age of two months. Mice were randomly assigned into groups feeding on either an E2-containing (n = 19) or soy-free (Ctrl; n = 19) diet for three months. Following this, all mice were sacrificed and hearts were collected for weight measurement. Left ventricles were analyzed structurally by immunohistochemistry and molecularly by genome-wide expression profiling. E2 led to an increase in the heart weight (11%; P < 0.001) and the heart-to-body weight ratio (32%; P < 0.001) compared to Ctrl mice. Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area revealed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in E2 (n = 6) compared to Ctrl (n = 5) mice (32%; P = 0.004). Analysis of the left ventricular transcriptome identified 1059 probe sets (adjusted P ≤ 0.05) differentially expressed between E2 (n = 5) and Ctrl (n = 5). Hypergeometric testing for Gene Ontology showed most genes to be associated with cell cycle, regulation of growth, cell and tissue development. Pathway analysis revealed 140 pathways (adjusted P = 0.05) modulated between the two groups, such as the DNA replication and Wnt signaling pathways. Next, we tested the hypothesis that this hypertrophic effect of E2 is of the physiological type. To this extent, we identified that angiogenesis was increased with cardiac growth as determined by the microarray analysis and VEGF-A protein levels assessed by Western blotting. Furthermore, the embryonic gene program was not activated and no fibrosis was observed in the E2-treated group. In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate pro-hypertrophic actions of E2 in the healthy heart through the modulation of growth-related genes and pathways. Due to that we have characterized the hypertrophic effect of E2 as physiological, we expect this effect to be beneficial for the heart.

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