scholarly journals Effect of agronomic traits in the selection expansion volume in popcorn hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
C. S. Bernini ◽  
B. H. S. Ponce ◽  
A. J. P. Nascimento ◽  
V. P. Silva ◽  
M. A. A. Barelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Expansion Capacity

The popcorn is a culture profitable for producers of various technological profiles, mainly due to the higher added value of popcorn in comparison with common maize. With the use of phenotypic correlation in breeding programs, the efficiency in selecting certain favorable character can increase or decrease their expression. The objective was to evaluate agronomic traits of hybrids popcorn in the southwest region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as well as to estimate the phenotypic correlation. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 15 treatments and 3 replications. The following characters were evaluated: plant height and ear, expansion capacity, number of piruas, weight of grains and production components. The IAC9614.83 stood with the largest grain weight of 2.49 t ha-1, followed by the hybrids IAC367, IAC144.6102, AP6005, BASSO5802, BASSO5803. The expansion capacity showed a negative correlation with number of piruas          -0.69. The grain weight showed a positive correlation with the number of rows of grains of 0.71. It is concluded that IAC 144.6102, AP8203, VYP212 were adequate for the test by presenting favorable aspects for the commercialization of grain.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and stability and of grain yield of f2 populations maize hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
C. S. Bernini ◽  
P. S. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Productive Potential

In Brazil, corn is grown in a wide variety of environments, investments and technologies, requiring the development of different types of hybrids. Breeding programs aim to identify genotypes with productive potential combined with better adaptation and stability. The objective of this work was to evaluate 28 hybrids of F2 maize populations, obtained from a complete diallel, together with the eight parent F2 populations and two commercial witnesses, regarding the main agronomic traits: male flowering (FM), plant height and ear ( AP and AE) and grain mass (MG) and estimate the parameters of adaptability and stability. The experiments were developed in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, in three locations in the State of São Paulo (Campinas, Mococa and Palmital) and the experimental design used was the randomized blocks with three replications. Individual and joint analyzes of variance were performed, the means being grouped by the Scott-Knott test and the parameters of adaptability and stability estimated by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Annicchiarico (1992). There was a significant difference (P <0.01) for treatments, locations and interaction between treatments in all evaluated characters. The average for MG was 7,515 kg ha-1, highlighting the hybrid P4 x P1 with MG of 9,095 kg ha-1. The average of hybrids was 40.5% higher than that of parental F2 populations. The hybrids of F2 populations differ in terms of adaptability and stability for MG, with the majority of hybrids (82%) showing general adaptability. The P4xP1 and P4xP2 hybrids are superior to MG and are promising for recommendation in a wide range of environments.

Evaluation of salt stress of Iranian wheat germplasm under field conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Ali Akbarpour ◽  
Hamid Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Javad Rousta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

Salinity is one of the most serious problems of crop production worldwide. In this research, a set of different wheat landraces with high diversity collected throughout Iran, advanced lines in breeding programs, and some well-known tolerant and sensitive cultivars were used to estimate genetic parameters of agronomic traits by using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. The results showed that several genotypes such as BUMI8, Salt18, BUMI1, Check cultivar and Salt25 had no reduction in grain yield under saline conditions compared with normal conditions. Minimum reductions in grain yield were related to BUMI6, Roshan and Shahpasand genotypes. High broad-sense heritability for most traits showed that they could be used to select and improve the salt tolerance of wheat germplasm in breeding programs. Grain yield had high broad-sense heritability under normal (H2b = 0.61) and saline (H2b = 0.55) conditions. Traits related to height and number of spikes per plant showed a positive correlation with grain yield. Time to heading and to maturity showed negative correlation with grain yield. Number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike, number of spikes per plant and spike weight showed positive correlations with grain yield under saline conditions. A significantly negative correlation was also seen between grain yield and days to heading or days to maturity under saline conditions. High variation and moderate to high heritabilities of yield and yield components in normal and salt-stressed field conditions for Iranian bread wheat germplasm are promising to enhance the narrow genetic pool of salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Popping expansion and yield responses of popcorn cultivars under different row spacings and plant populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1538-1545
Author(s):  
José Antonio de Souza Rossato Junior ◽  
Disnei Amélio Cazetta ◽  
José Carlos Barbosa ◽  
Domingos Fornasieri Filho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Yield Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic traits and the popping expansion index of three Brazilian popcorn cultivars under different row spacings and plant populations. The trials were performed during two crop seasons, under field conditions. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block, in a split-split plot, with 27 treatments and four replicates. Treatments were represented in a triple factorial arrangement: three row spacings (0.40, 0.60, and 0.80 m), three plant populations (40,000, 60,000, and 80,000 plants per hectare), and three popcorn cultivars (IAC-TC 01, IAC 12, and Zelia). The increase in plant population causes a reduction in the number of grains per ear, lower prolificacy, and grain weight loss. Cultivar grain yield is affected by row spacing and popcorn plant population. Cultivar IAC 12 shows highest grain yield under row spacings of 0.40 and 0.60 m and plant population between 60,000 and 80,000 plants per hectare. The popping expansion index is not affected by row spacing or plant population.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and applications for wheat functional genomics and breeding

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ligeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The World ◽  
World Food Security

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major food crops in the world; thus, wheat breeding programs are important for world food security. Characterizing the genes that control important agronomic traits and finding new ways to alter them are necessary to improve wheat breeding. Functional genomics and breeding in polyploid wheat has been greatly accelerated by the advent of several powerful tools, especially CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows multiplex genome engineering. Here, we describe the development of CRISPR/Cas9, which has revolutionized the field of genome editing. In addition, we emphasize technological breakthroughs (e.g., base editing and prime editing) based on CRISPR/Cas9. We also summarize recent applications and advances in the functional annotation and breeding of wheat, and we introduce the production of CRISPR-edited DNA-free wheat. Combined with other achievements, CRISPR and CRISPR-based genome editing will speed progress in wheat biology and promote sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Correlation among Agronomic Traits, and Genetic Progress in a Sugarcane Diversity Panel

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
Roberto Giacomini Chapola ◽  
Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽  
Anete Pereira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Historical Series

Sugarcane breeding programs require 15 years of experimentation to create more productive cultivars, and estimates of genetic progress can indicate the efficiency of breeding programs. In this study, we used a diversity panel, the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) to estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of ten traits evaluated over three harvest years; (ii) to estimate genotypic correlation among those traits; and (iii) to estimate genetic progress over six decades of breeding. The heritabilities ranged from 0.43 to 0.88, and we detected 42 significant correlations, 9 negative and 33 positive. Over six decades, the sucrose-related traits BRIX, POL%C, and POL%J showed an average increase per decade of 0.27 °Brix (0.26% and 0.31%, respectively). Stalk number, height, and weight of the plot, and cane and sucrose yields revealed average increases per decade of 3.27 stalks, 0.06 m, 9.42 kg, 11.22 t/ha, and 2.08 t/ha, respectively. The genetic progress of the main agronomic traits is discussed through a historical series of sugarcane genotypes present in the BPSG. The findings of this study could contribute to the management of new breeding strategies and allow for future studies of associative mapping.

scholarly journals Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cogliatti ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
H. Dalla Valle ◽  
W J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis ◽  
Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of the 28 maize landraces in Paraná State

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Regina Silvestrin Rovaris ◽  
Pedro Mário de Araújo ◽  
Deoclécio Domingos Garbuglio ◽  
Cleber Vinicius Guiaretta de Azevedo ◽  
Cássio Egídio Cavenaghi Prete
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fixed Model ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering

The characterization of maize landraces is extremely important in breeding programs for use of these genotypes as sources of genetic variability. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize 28 populations of maize landraces from the state of Paraná using the estimates of the effects of varieties and heterosis parents and the general combining ability, thereby assessing the main agronomic traits. In the crop of 2008/09, 56 inter-varietal hybrids, obtained through a topcross, 28 populations of maize landraces and three check varieties were evaluated for female flowering (FF), plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and grain mass (GY). The treatments were evaluated in a randomized block design, with two replications, at three Paraná State locations: the Experimental Center of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná in Londrina (IAPAR) and the experimental units of Pato Branco and Ponta Grossa. The data were submitted to an analysis of variance, considering a fixed model for genotypes and a random model for environments; the averages grouped by the Scott-Knott test, along with intersections of topcrosses, were analyzed according to a readapted model proposed by Oliveira et al. (1997). According to estimates of the parental effects, the GI 133 population showed the most promising estimates for all characteristics. The GI 088 and GI 173 populations stood out with promising estimates of the effects of heterosis. The conclusion is that the populations GI 133 and GI 173 may be indicated for recurrent selection programs or participation in obtaining composites.

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