METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY USING A SIMPLIFIED INDEX OF HYGIENE IGR-U

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Наталия Александровна Полушкина ◽  
Жанна Владимировна Вечеркина ◽  
Ольга Игоревна Олейник ◽  
Елена Анатольевна Андреева ◽  
Наталья Владимировна Примачева
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
Health Organization

Среди важнейших проблем современной стоматологии воспалительные заболевания пародонта занимают одно из ведущих мест. Несмотря на определенные успехи, достигнутые в расшифровке причин и разработке методов лечения хронического генерализованного пародонтита (ХГП), механизмы его возникновения и развития до настоящего времени окончательно не определены. Хронический генерализованный пародонтит остается наиболее распространенной и тяжелой стоматологической патологией. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, основанным на клиническом обследовании населения 53 стран, наиболее высокий показатель заболеваемости пародонтитом и гингивитом выявляется в возрасте от 35 до 44 лет и составляет 65-98%. Многочисленные исследования последних десятилетий, посвященные вопросам состояния неспецифической защиты и иммунного статуса полости рта при ХГП, показали, что в развитии воспалительно-дистрофического процесса в пародонте определяющая роль отводится изменениям местного и общего иммунитета. Таким образом, в данной работе представлены результаты проведенных исследований, направленные на изучение данных проблем, особенно важны для повышения эффективности ортопедического лечения пациентов с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, осложненным частичным отсутствием зубов на фоне сахарного диабета и представляются нам актуальными Among the most important problems of modern dentistry, inflammatory periodontal diseases occupy one of the leading places. Despite some progress achieved in deciphering the causes and developing methods for treating chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP), the mechanisms of its occurrence and development have not yet been finally determined. Chronic generalized periodontitis remains the most common and severe dental disease. According to the World Health Organization, based on a clinical survey of the population of 53 countries, the highest incidence rate of periodontitis and gingivitis is detected at the age of 35 to 44 years and is 65-98%. Numerous studies of recent decades, devoted to the state of nonspecific protection and the immune status of the oral cavity in CGP, have shown that changes in local and general immunity play a decisive role in the development of the inflammatory-dystrophic process in the periodontium. Thus, this work presents the results of studies aimed at studying these problems, which are especially important for increasing the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis complicated by partial absence of teeth on the background of diabetes mellitus and seem to us relevant

scholarly journals Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Irina A. Novikova ◽  
◽  
Tatiana M. Panina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insulin Insufficiency

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin insufficiency or a violation of insulin secretion with or without insulin resistance. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2030 this number will increase to 439 million, which is almost 10% of the adult population. A dentist is often the first to encounter manifestations of diabetes mellitus in the oral cavity, such as caries, candidiasis, dryness, inflammatory periodontal diseases, etc. Therefore, timely diagnosis and close interaction of doctors of different specialties is crucial for the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Potential Implication of Salivary Secretions in Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Salem Mohammed Hassan Alharthi ◽  
Laila Mohammed Alanazi ◽  
Dalal Jumah Alturaif ◽  
Wesam Yousef Othman Alibrahim ◽  
Waleed Yahya Binammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

As reported on 23rd May 2021, there are a total of 167,313,629 confirmed cases of Covid-19 all across the world with a mortality of about 3,473,851 whereas in Saudi Arabia 439,847 were registered cases of covid-19 and 7,237 deaths. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) a total of 12,244,264 people were vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccination. Covid-19 is a respiratory infectious disease. More recent researches on SARS-COV-2 suggests the entry of the virus into the host cell using the host entry factors like TMPRSS-2, TMPRSS-4 and ACE-2 in the oral tissues. The spike proteins of the SARS COV-2 attaches to the ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 of the salivary gland. Saliva provides the lubrication of the oral cavity, initiation of digestion and provides immunity in host. A complete research of all the articles was done using databases like: SCOPUS, PUBMED, EMBASE and WEB OF SCIENCE. In case of SARS CoV-2, the salivary glands act as reservoir for the virus. Intake of these viruses present in infectious saliva droplets found in the air would lead to the transmission of infection to an individual. Saliva is more efficient when compared to the blood as it doesn't clot. A reduced secretion of saliva is observed in patients post the covid 19 disease.

scholarly journals Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Possibilities for Criminal Law Reaction in Europe: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko TURANJANIN ◽  
Darko RADULOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is the newest dangerous contagious disease in the world, emerged at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020. World Health Organization at the daily level publishes numbers of infected patients as well as several dead people around the world and in every region particularly. However, public health and criminal law are inevitably linked. National criminal laws in Europe mainly prescribe criminal offences for transmitting a dangerous contagious disease. Numerous states have closed their borders, quarantining their nationals that entering in the state. Strangers cannot enter in European Union. However, many do not abide by the restrictions, and people who have become ill with coronavirus walking the streets and committing a criminal offence. The authors in the work, in the first place, explain the connection between public health and criminal law and then elaborate criminal jurisdictions in Europe.

Surviving the Future: Mexican Health Policies and Deceitfulness of Universal Coverage in the State of Puebla, México

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Luis Berruecos
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Two years ago, the Governor of the Mexican State of Puebla declared that his State was fully covered by health services, which is not true. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Mexican Constitution, health is one of the most important human rights for every citizen. However, according to our statistics, many indigenous communities of that State are still waiting for those services, even though the budget designated for that purpose has been incremented ten times in the last seven years. Since I have been working for years in the highlands of the northern part of the State, I will prove that medical services are not covering the total population, which means that the future survival of these people is rather grim.

The Public's Oral Health: The Gaps Between What we Know and What we Practice

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Year 2000

Health for All by the Year 2000 is a theme developed in 1979 by the World Health Organization. The theme includes oral health and is being promoted throughout the world. The advances in dental research make it possible to improve oral health and, concomitantly, general health. With the appropriate use of science-based, preventive regimens, dental caries and periodontal diseases can be prevented or controlled. Further, major risk factors for oral and lip cancer are known; thus, it is possible to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Available technologies, however, are useful only when they are used by appropriate user groups as recommended. The gaps between what is known about preventing oral diseases and what is practiced are often extensive. This presentation explores differences between scientific knowledge about risk factors for oral diseases and preventive regimens and procedures, public and professional knowledge and practices, and professional support for improved oral health through the application of primary preventive procedures, often referred to as "science transfer". Barriers to the adoption of preventive regimens and practices are discussed. Strategies using health education and health promotion for narrowing these gaps are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in Kazakhstan for the Period 2017–2019 Based on WHO Access, Watch and Reserve Classification (AWaRe 2019)

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Gulzira Zhussupova ◽  
Dinara Utepova ◽  
Galiya Orazova ◽  
Saule Zhaldybayeva ◽  
Galina Skvirskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use reimbursed by the state in Kazakhstan for 2017–2019 with the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification (AWaRe 2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The evaluation of the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in Kazakhstan for 2017–2019 was carried out using the ATC/DDD methodology in accordance with the WHO AWaRe classification. The study used data on all antibiotics that were centrally purchased by a single purchaser during the study period. To understand how often Access group antibiotics are taken in Kazakhstan, the top-10 most consumed antibiotics were additionally studied. The results of a comparative analysis of the antibiotics for systemic use consumption for 2017–2019 by the Access, Watch, and Reserve groups showed a negative trend of a decrease in the consumption of Access group drugs from 1.17 defined daily dose (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) (39%) in 2017 to 0.59 DID (30%) in 2019. There is an increase in consumption of Watch group antibiotics from 1.84 DID (61%) in 2017 to 1.37 DID (68%) in 2019, as well as an increase in consumption of Reserve antibiotics from 0.001 DID (0.03%) to 0.4 DID (2.11%). In recent years in Kazakhstan, there has been a decrease in the consumption of Access group antibiotics. In addition, the Watch group antibiotics are widely consumed with a certain upward trend. In 2019, one Reserve antibiotic was included in the top-10 most commonly consumed antibiotics. There is a predominant consumption of parenteral forms of antibiotics for systemic use in the country.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Survey of Using Machine Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Nora El-Rashidy ◽  
Samir Abdelrazik ◽  
Tamer Abuhmed ◽  
Eslam Amer ◽  
Farman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Data Types ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Health Organization

Since December 2019, the global health population has faced the rapid spreading of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). With the incremental acceleration of the number of infected cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported COVID-19 as an epidemic that puts a heavy burden on healthcare sectors in almost every country. The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context is difficult to ignore. AI companies have been racing to develop innovative tools that contribute to arm the world against this pandemic and minimize the disruption that it may cause. The main objective of this study is to survey the decisive role of AI as a technology used to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Five significant applications of AI for COVID-19 were found, including (1) COVID-19 diagnosis using various data types (e.g., images, sound, and text); (2) estimation of the possible future spread of the disease based on the current confirmed cases; (3) association between COVID-19 infection and patient characteristics; (4) vaccine development and drug interaction; and (5) development of supporting applications. This study also introduces a comparison between current COVID-19 datasets. Based on the limitations of the current literature, this review highlights the open research challenges that could inspire the future application of AI in COVID-19.

scholarly journals The impact of social advertising on mental health of population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Oleksandra-Mariia Dzhavadian
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Introduction In Ukraine, the first place among mental disorders (over 40%) - those that arise as a result of drug and alcohol addiction. In 2nd place - disorders due to organic impressions of the brain, 3 - disorders of intellectual development, 4 - schizophrenic disorders. 5 - neurotic, anxiety disorders, including depression. Although according to the WHO, Ukraine ranks in the world one of the first places in the incidence of depression. At the end of 2016, 261240 patients with mental disorders in Ukraine had a disability group (Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, 2017). Purpose The purpose of the paper is to analyze the relationship between mental health of population and social advertising. And to show the importance of the impact of social advertising on health (not only physical but also and mental). To explore global social advertising campaigns on mental health of population. Results and Discussion  The World Health Organization (WHO) gives the following definition of health: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being." It includes three components: the absence of disease; the work of the organism is coordinated and allows to fully perform all functions; a state of harmony within oneself and with each other in the physical and social environment. Accordingly, mental health is an important part of it. If these three indicators are normal, then a person becomes stress-resistant, able to work, productive and active in public life. It also depends on the emotional state whether a person is able to perform certain social roles, to realize and manage their own emotions, to be open to development and learning (World Health Organization, 2020). The level of quality of life, labor productivity, active social position, unity, social peace and stability depend on the state of mental health, which has a positive effect on the economic and social development of the country. The World Health Organization website has a report on the 2013 meeting: “The World Health Organization has approved a Comprehensive Plan of Action in the field of mental health for the period 2013-2020 and extended until 2030. The plan aims to implement global and national actions to strengthen mental well-being, prevent mental disorders, and provide medical care. This plan is aimed at achieving 4 objectives, one of which includes at the primary level comprehensive integrated health and social care, which responds quickly to change (World Health Organization, 2013). One of the types of primary prevention in social work is social advertising. After all, quite a few people seek help in the right institutions. This may be due to shame, non-recognition of the problem or problem situation, ignorance of one's rights, or information about the possibility of receiving assistance that can be provided by the state or a specialized organization. It is through social advertising that you can influence the mental health of society, informing about activities, organizations, laws, programs, services and much more that will help people strengthen themselves or help loved ones. As a result, more people will be informed and at least a percentage of situations will be avoided, because people in difficult emotional states are more exposed. In Ukraine, the development of social advertising is not very high, because many organizations do not pay attention to non-profit campaigns, and the state, due to many factors, cannot afford the significant cost of social advertising. Most developed countries have their own programs and projects to combat various diseases, such as "She Entrepreneurs", "Ispire2Entreprise", "Educate!". These are programs to combat cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, vaccination support, campaigns for the right treatment of people with disabilities, members of national, racial, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities. For example, campaigns against risky behavior cover the three most relevant topics: smoking, drug use and excessive or illegal alcohol use (Platforma, 2015). Conclusion Thus, timely detection and resolution of problems will not worsen human health and prevent its violation. It is the right social advertising on mental health that can correct this. If enough people, especially those at risk, are informed, many negative consequences can be avoided. It is possible that the state of our country's economy does not allow sufficient funding for the social sphere, but the inspiration of our people creates special opportunities and a strong basis for the future. World practice sets a good example to follow and helps our country to develop social initiatives, in particular in social advertising as one of the tools of prevention in the social sphere

scholarly journals Study of underreporting of cases of meningitis during a Covid-19 pandemic in the state of São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Gomes Diniz e Silva ◽  
Daniel Rocha Diniz Teles ◽  
Sabrina de Freitas Barros Soares ◽  
Antônio Fernando Soares Menezes Segundo
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: In 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought an overload on the health system. This also impacted the care of other diseases such as meningitis. Meningitis is classified into infectious and non-infectious meningitis, and its prognosis changes with the etiology. Objective: To assess notifications of meningitis in São Paulo compared to the country before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An analytical epidemiological study was carried out, from the DATASUS platform, of meningitis notifications, from 2016 to September 2020 in the state of São Paulo in comparison to the country. Results: In 2020 there was a drop in meningitis notifications in São Paulo regarding the average of cases between 2016-2019, where 1,837 cases were reported in 2020, while the average of 2016-2019 was 6,800 notifications, a decrease of approximately 27%. What was also observed in the country, where in 2020, 4,718 cases were reported compared to the 2016- 2019 average of 16,603 cases, a drop of 28.4%. There was a slight increase in the mortality from meningitis in the state from 6% to 7%. Conclusions: Knowing that there was a significant drop in notifications of cases of meningitis in the state of São Paulo and in the country, we can suspect a correlation with the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, there are some possibilities for this phenomenon: the population with meningitis, for fear of becoming infected, did not seek health services or the overload of health services to monitor patients with COVID-19 led to underreporting of meningitis cases.

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