FEATURES OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATUS IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

Author(s):  
Ольга Сергеевна Мартышова ◽  
Ольга Викторовна Великая ◽  
Наталья Сергеевна Петрова ◽  
Софья Алексеевна Корчагина

Целью работы стало изучение особенностей психоэмоционального статуса больных туберкулезом. По данным ВОЗ треть населения земного шара инфицировано микобактериями туберкулеза. Ежегодно заболевают туберкулезом 10 млн. человек, умирают от туберкулеза 1.2 млн. В настоящее время в результате проведения мероприятий по раннему выявлению и профилактике, эпидемиологическая ситуация по туберкулезу в России улучшается. Но Российская Федерация все еще входит в число 18 стран с тяжелым бременем по туберкулезу, продолжается увеличиваться количество больных с МЛУ и ШЛУ - туберкулезом во всем мире. Актуальной проблемой фтизиатрической практики является психологическая оценка больного туберкулезом своего же состояния, от этого напрямую зависит желание проходить курс лечения. У пациентов с установленным диагнозом- туберкулез, отмечаются специфические эмоциональные реакции на заболевание, часто выступающие как психотравмирующий фактор, вплоть до развития пограничных психических нарушений. Известно, что восприятие заболевания, а так же формирование внутренней картины болезни в итоге приводит к расстройству адаптации и формированию новых поведенческих реакций, от которых зависит эффективность лечения и реабилитации. Закономерности формирования картины болезни, а также различные типы психического реагирования человека на своё заболевание сочетаются в клинике со специфическими особенностями психического состояния пациентов, характером реагирования на ее течение, успешность лечения и, как следствие, исход The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the psychoemotional status of patients with tuberculosis. According to who, a third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Every year, 10 million people get sick with tuberculosis, 1.2 million die from tuberculosis. Currently, as a result of measures for early detection and prevention, the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Russia is improving. But the Russian Federation is still among the 18 countries with a heavy burden of tuberculosis, and the number of patients with MDR and XDR - TB worldwide continues to increase. An actual problem of phthisiological practice is the psychological assessment of a patient with tuberculosis of his own condition, the desire to undergo treatment directly depends on this. In patients with an established diagnosis of tuberculosis, specific emotional reactions to the disease are noted, often acting as a psychotraumatic factor, up to the development of borderline mental disorders. It is known that the perception of the disease, as well as the formation of an internal picture of the disease, eventually leads to a disorder of adaptation and the formation of new behavioral reactions on which the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation depends. Regularities of formation of the clinical picture, as well as various types of mental response of a person with their disease combined in the clinic with the specific features of the mental state of patients, the nature of response to its current, successful treatment and, as a consequence, the outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
I. A. Lakman ◽  
A. A. Khalikova ◽  
Alexey A. Korzhenevskiy

The growth of number of patients suffering with chronic kidneys disease became a reverse side of increasing of population life-span during recent decades. The treatment of the given pathology places a heavy burden on state economics. Nowadays, the implementation of kidneys transplantation is the main and only one mode of treatment of this disease permitting both to prolong human life and to significantly ameliorate its quality. The actual problem is the evaluation of economic costs occurring under both successful and unsuccessful outcomes of transplantation. The last one results in returning patient to dialysis procedure. The assessment was applied to direct and indirect expenses of kidney transplantation surgery and post-operational monitoring of patient, including application of dialysis. The expenses of treatment of patient with chronic kidneys disease per one person made annually up to: 1 266 967,88 rubles using dialysis therapy; 1 665 110,19 rubles using transplantation with positive outcome; 2 922 078,07 rubles using transplantation with unsuccessful outcome. Besides, in case of unsuccessful outcome of transplantation total amount of economic losses increased more on 91 343,77 rubles annually at the expense of decreasing of tax levy and increasing of disability compensation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
M. V. Shilova

The data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation are presented. A decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis over the past 49 years, from 1970 to 2019, and a decrease in the number of patients with tuberculosis are shown. The factors influencing the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation are considered: timely detection, quality of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients, MBT drug resistance, HIV infection in tuberculosis patients. The reliability of indicators characterizing the prevalence of tuberculosis has been studied.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
L. A. Shmarov ◽  

Based on the analysis of citizens’ claims against medical organizations, as well as on the basis of the analysis of the courts’ consideration of such claims, significant differences were found in the amount of compensation for non-pecuniary damage under various conditions related to both the condition of the victim of medical assistance rendered with defects and on the number of patients. It was shown that it is necessary to further accumulate material in order to obtain a more objective picture of satisfied claims and unification in the Russian Federation. Similar calculations can be carried out for other situations related to the possibility of causing moral harm, for example, disseminating information defaming the honor and dignity of a citizen, or compensating moral harm caused by unlawful actions of a law enforcement officer during criminal proceedings. Using the established average values, the court can, on the basis of established factual circumstances, calculate the amount of compensation for non-pecuniary damage in a particular case.


Author(s):  
Юлия Борисовна Арон ◽  
Елена Валерьевна Жегалова

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема интеграции крипто-валюты в банковскую систему РФ. Авторами предлагается определение криптовалюты, обосновывается востребованность использования цифровой валюты в экономике. Рассматривается специфика современного правового регулирования операций с криптовалютой и перспективы его развития в российской экономике. The article deals with the actual problem of integrating cryptocurrency into the banking system of the Russian Federation. The authors propose a definition of cryptocurrency, substantiate the demand for the use of digital currency in the economy. The article considers the specifics of modern legal regulation of cryptocurrency transactions and the prospects for its development in the Russian economy.


MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36

A high proportion of patients who leave Russian prisons without a known treatment outcome (from 26 to 32%) re-duces the rate of successful treatment. Some patients who started treatment in prison do not continue it in the pub-lic health system after release. Objective. Using a repre-sentative sample of TB-infected inmates, study the need for social support measures that would motivate them to continue treatment. Materials and methods. One stage anonymous sociological study of 453 TB-infected in-mates in 40 regions of the Russian Federation, with fixed answer options that allow for multiple choices. Results. The need for one-time cash support was 63.4%; 95% con-fidence interval (CI) 58.8–67.7, ie from 4 to 5 thousand patients annually; assistance with housing — 32.7%; 95% CI 28.5-37.1, ie from 2 to 2.5 thousand; employment — 30.9%; 95% CI 26.8–35.3, ie from 2 to 2.5 thousand; regu-lar food packages — 27.9%; 95% CI 21.2–29.1, ie from 1.5 to 2 thousand; reissuance of documents — 21.0%; 95% CI 17.5–25.0, ie from 1.3 to 1.8 thousand. Conclusion. There is a need for legislative justification for the establishment of social rehabilitation centers, coordination of their joint activities with the tuberculosis program. The programs for the provision of social support to patients with tubercu-losis should envisage one-time payments for tuberculosis patients released from prisons who get linked to medical care, assistance to these patients with employment and interaction with social rehabilitation centers in order to provide patients with a temporary place of residence


Innova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Максим Юрьевич Гончаров ◽  
◽  
Яна Алексеевна Горева ◽  

The problem of early diagnosis of non-specific purulent diseases of the spine remains relevant. The main organizational problems in providing medical care to these patients are considered to be late diagnosis, late administration of antibacterial therapy and neurosurgical care. The goal of our work was to improve treatment outcomes by reducing the time of diagnosis and the duration of the stage before providing specialized care. Based on the identified variable factors that influenced the treatment outcomes, we proposed an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific purulent diseases of the spine, implemented in the activities of hospitals in the Sverdlovsk region. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, we retrospectively compared the main indicators and results of the treatment of patients conducted before and after the implementation of the developed algorithm. Educational and methodological work with doctors was also important for reducing the time of diagnosis of the disease. After the implementation of the developed algorithm of diagnostics and tactics in nonspecific suppurative diseases of the spine and the necessary organizational issues, there was a reduction of the duration from the first signs of the disease to provide specialized assistance, as well as the number of patients who had gross neurological deficit and/or systemic inflammatory response syndrome upon admission to a hospital. The results obtained allow us to recommend the developed algorithm of diagnostics and tactics for non-specific purulent diseases of the spine for implementation in other regions of the Russian Federation.


Author(s):  
Mikhail Valerevich Sinitsyn ◽  
S. E. Borisov ◽  
E. M. Belilovskiy ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the spread of HIV infection on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in a megacity. Based on information from the registers of the tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow for 2014-2015. A comparative analysis of indicators for patients with tuberculosis was conducted with the presence and absence of co-infected HIV infection. The results showed that among patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, patients from the city’s permanent population, from the age group of 31-40 years old, non-working, injecting drug users are much more likely than other TB patients. The number of tuberculosis patients who died of HIV infection, in comparison with the number of patients who died from tuberculosis, accounted for more than a third of the total number of tuberculosis-related deaths. Thus, when assessing the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of HIV infection to the values of the main indicators and their dynamics.


Author(s):  
G.A. Nurlygayanova ◽  
◽  
V.I. Belousov ◽  
A.A. Varentsova ◽  
A.S. Sharypov ◽  
...  

In the Russian Federation, for the period from 2014 to 2019, the largest number of patients with brucellosis was detected among cattle – 55,591 heads and small cattle - 8,814 heads, which is 80.7 % and 12.8 %, respectively, of the total number of animals that respond positively to brucello-sis. Brucellosis of cattle was detected in 28 subjects of the Russian Federation, brucellosis of small cattle-in 8, brucellosis of horses in 9, brucellosis of pigs and deer (marals) in three subjects, respec-tively. In 2019, 397 cases of the disease were registered in the country.


Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kalinina

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global and national menace. The number of patients with diabetes in the Russian Federation tallied roughly 5.1 million, according to the incidence of outpatient visits in 2020 [1]. “Do-it-yourself” regular measurements of blood glucose levels (self-monitoring) are one of the most important components in achieving the therapy goals for patients with diabetes and preventing severe vascular complications. Now that the technologies have caught on, new “smart” glucometers appeared, which enable remote control and significantly expand opportunities of DM monitoring due to free mobile application integration.


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