scholarly journals Open defecation behavior of elementary school-aged children in the coastal region, Indonesia: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Fadhilah Azzahra Hasan ◽  
Fausiah Ayuningsih ◽  
Warti Juraiti ◽  
Faizah Sidiqah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Impact

Background: Open defecation is one of the public health problems.  Such behavior will lead to contamination of water and food sources, which can cause several diseases, one of which is caused by polluted water (water-borne diseases).Objective: This research aimed to describe open defecation behavior in elementary school-aged children in Kendari City, Indonesia.Methods: This was a descriptive survey carried out on 11-12 June 2021 among 87 students. Open defecation behavior was seen from knowledge and attitude of open defecation and availability of latrines. Validated questionnaires were used to measure the variables. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that the students lacked knowledge (42%) and negative attitudes (44%). In addition, 11% of the respondents did not have latrines; therefore, open defecation still exists.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that most of the respondents had poor knowledge and attitude regarding the impact of open defecation on health. Therefore, the results can be used as the basic data to develop further research, and indeed, to inform public health workers to pay attention to this issue and health education related to open defecation behavior is highly needed.

The complication of cyber manhunt: How cyber manhunt further complicated the ethical conflict between breaching the confidentiality and endangering the society in face of the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chang Chen ◽  
Yen-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
The Impact

UNSTRUCTURED While health care and public health workers are working on measures to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an unprecedentedly large number of people spending much more time indoors, and relying heavily on the Internet as their lifeline. What has been overlooked is the influence of the increasing online activities on public health issues. In this article, we pointed out how a large-scale online activity called cyber manhunt may threaten to offset the efficacy of contact tracing investigation, a public health intervention considered highly effective in limiting further transmission in the early stage of a highly contagious disease outbreak such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first section, we presented a case to show how personal information obtained from contact investigation and disclosed in part on the media provoked a vehement cyber manhunt. We then discussed the possible reasons why netizens collaborate to reveal anonymized personal information about contact investigation, and specify, from the perspective of public health and public health ethics, four problems of cyber manhunt, including the lack of legitimate public health goals, the concerns about privacy breach, the impact of misinformation, and social inequality. Based on our analysis, we concluded that more moral weight may be given to protecting one's confidentiality, especially in an era with the rapid advance of digital and information technologies.

The Impact Of Acute Bouts Of Two Types Of Physical Activity On Cognition In Elementary School-aged Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Ashlyn Schwartz ◽  
Aslynn Halvorson ◽  
Michael McClanahan ◽  
Gregory Grieco ◽  
Dawn Coe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Risk assessment at work and prevention strategies on COVID-19 in Italy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248874
Author(s):  
Sergio Iavicoli ◽  
Fabio Boccuni ◽  
Giuliana Buresti ◽  
Diana Gagliardi ◽  
Benedetta Persechino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, with considerable public health and socio-economic impacts that are seriously affecting health and safety of workers, as well as their employment stability. Italy was the first of many other western countries to implement extended containment measures. Health workers and others employed in essential sectors have continued their activity, reporting high infection rate with many fatalities. The epidemiological trend highlighted the importance of work as a substantial factor to consider both when implementing strategies aimed at containing the pandemic and shaping the lockdown mitigation strategy required for sustained economic recovery. To support the decision-making process, we have developed a strategy to predict the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the workplace based on the analysis of the working process and proximity between employees; risk of infection connected to the type of activity; involvement of third parties in the working processes and risk of social aggregation. We applied this approach to outline a risk index for each economic activity sector, with different levels of detail, also considering the impact on mobility of the working population. This method was implemented into the national epidemiological surveillance model in order to estimate the impact of re-activation of specific activities on the reproduction number. It has also been adopted by the national scientific committee set up by the Italian Government for action-oriented policy advice on the COVID-19 emergency in the post lockdown phase. This approach may play a key role for public health if associated with measures for risk mitigation in enterprises through strategies of business process re-engineering. Furthermore, it will make a contribution to reconsidering the organization of work, including also innovation and fostering the integration with the national occupational safety and health (OSH) system.

Apathy and Ignorance: False Prophets of Autism and the Anti-Vaccine Movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
False Reporting ◽  
The Face ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This chapter highlights the story of autism, the widespread acceptance of its incorrect cause, and the impact on use of vaccines, all stemming directly from deliberate, false reporting. The basic conflict is twofold. First, involvement of a scientific method that must be reproducible, be reliable, and possess substantial proof is in conflict with common/personal beliefs. Second, doctors, scientists, and public health workers, despite their mandate to listen to parents and patients concerning their opinions, must base medical conclusions on evidence that validates the outcome of each patient’s health issue. It is in this milieu that autism and the anti-vaccine groups still do battle. In 1998, Lancet, a usually respectable and reputable English journal, published Dr. Andrew Wakefield’s opinion that the measles, mumps, rubella (German measles) vaccine injected into the arms of children caused inflammation, leading to harmful chemicals entering the bloodstream through the gut (intestine). These factors, he said, traveled to the brain, where the harmful chemicals/toxins caused autism. In the face of this “fake news” about the source of autism and measles, the vaccination rate for measles dropped in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

scholarly journals Disruptions to schistosomiasis programmes due to COVID-19: an analysis of potential impact and mitigation strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Diepreye Ayabina ◽  
Jaspreet Toor ◽  
T. Deirdre Hollingsworth ◽  
Roy M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe 2030 goal for schistosomiasis is elimination as a public health problem (EPHP), with mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel to school-aged children (SAC) a central pillar of the strategy. However, due to COVID-19, many mass treatment campaigns for schistosomiasis have been halted with uncertain implications for the programmes.MethodWe use mathematical modelling to explore how postponement of MDA and various mitigation strategies affect achievement of the EPHP goal for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.ResultsIn moderate and some high prevalence settings, the disruption may delay the goal by up to two years. In some high prevalence settings EPHP is not achievable with current strategies, and so the disruption will not impact this. Here, increasing SAC coverage and treating adults can achieve the goal.The impact of MDA disruption and the appropriate mitigation strategy varies according to the baseline prevalence prior to treatment, the burden of infection in adults and stage of the programme.ConclusionsSchistosomiasis MDA programmes in medium and high prevalence areas should restart as soon as is feasible, and mitigation strategies may be required in some settings.

scholarly journals Somewhere to go: Assessing the impact of public restroom interventions on reports of open defecation in San Francisco, California from 2014 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Kathleen Amato ◽  
Douglas Martin ◽  
Christopher Michael Hoover ◽  
Jay Paul Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Open defecation due to a lack of access to sanitation facilities remains a public health issue in the United States. People experiencing homelessness face barriers to accessing sanitation facilities, and are often forced to practice open defecation on streets and sidewalks. Exposed feces may contain harmful pathogens posing a significant threat to public health, especially among unhoused persons living near open defecation sites. The City of San Francisco’s Department of Public Works implemented the Pit Stop Program to provide the unhoused and the general public with improved access to sanitation with the goal of reducing fecal contamination on streets and sidewalks. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these public restroom interventions on reports of exposed feces in San Francisco, California. Methods We evaluated the impact of various public restroom interventions implemented from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2020 on reports of exposed feces, captured through a 311 municipal service. Publicly available 311 reports of exposed feces were spatially and temporally matched to 31 Pit Stop restroom interventions in ten San Francisco neighborhoods. We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis to compare pre- versus post-intervention rates of feces reports near the restrooms. Results Feces reports declined by 12.47 reports per week after the installation of 13 Pit Stop restrooms (p-value = 0.0002). The rate of reports per week declined from the six-month pre-intervention period to the post-intervention period (slope change=-0.024 [95% CI=-0.033, -0.014]). Reports also declined after new restroom installations in the Mission and Golden Gate Park, and after the provision of attendants in the Mission, Castro/Upper Market, and Financial District/South Beach. Conclusions Increased access to public toilets and the addition of restroom attendants reduced fecal contamination in San Francisco, especially in neighborhoods with people experiencing homelessness. Programs that improve access to public restrooms should be evaluated at the neighborhood level in order to tailor sanitation interventions to neighborhood-specific needs.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP BIDAN MENGENAI PENGGUNAAN PARTOGRAF DALAM PERSALINAN DI PUSKESMAS PONED KOTA MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline P. Toemandoek ◽  
Freddy Wagey ◽  
Maria Loho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract: The high maternal mortality rate is mostly due to pregnancies and labours. Health workers who can help labour are inter alia midwives. A health center that has the facilities and the ability to provide 24-hours services to cope emergency cases of obstetric and neonatal care is called PONED Public Health Center (PHC). This study aimed to obtain the knowledge and attitude of midwives about partograph in PONED PHCs in Manado. There were 33 respondents of 6 PONED PHCs in Manado. The results showed that most of the midmives (90.9%) in PONED PHCs had good knowledge about the usage of pantograph in labour; 2 respondents (6.1%) had fair knowledge, and 1 respondent (3.0%) had poor knowledge. All midwives (100%) had positive attitude about the usage of partograph. Conclusion: Most midwives in PONED PHC in Manado had good knowledge and positive attitude about the usage of partograph in labour.Keywords: midwives, PONED Public Health Center, partographAbstrak: Tingginya angka kematian ibu terutama pada saat kehamilan dan persalinan. Tenaga kesehatan yang dapat menolong persalinan yaitu salah satunya bidan. Puskesmas yang memiliki fasilitas dan kemampuan memberikan pelayanan untuk menanggulangi kasus kegawatdaruratan obstetrik dan neonatal selama 24 jam yaitu puskesmas PONED. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 33 responden dari 6 puskesmas PONED di Kota Manado. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan bidan tentang penggunaan partograf dalam persalinan di Puskesmas PONED Kota Manado umumnya (90,9%) baik, 2 responden (6,1%) cukup, dan 1 responden (3,0%) kurang. Mengenai distribusi sikap, semua bidan (100%) mempunyai sikap positif. Simpulan: Umumnya bidan di puskesmas PONED Kota Manado mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik dan sikap yang positif mengenai penggunaan partograf dalam persalinan.Kata kunci: bidan, puskesmas PONED, partograf

Occupational and public health considerations for work-hour limitations policy regarding public health workers during response to natural and human-caused disasters

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray R. Berkowitz, DO, MA, MS, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the occupational health considerations that might impact the health and wellbeing of public health workers during responses to natural (eg, floods and hurricanes) and humancaused (eg, terrorism, war, and shootings) disasters. There are a number of articles in the medical literature that argue the impact of how working long hours by house staff physicians, nurses, and first-responders may pose health and safety concerns regarding the patients being treated. The question examined here is how working long hours may pose health and/or safety concerns for the public health workers themselves, as well as to those in the communities they serve. The health problems related to sleep deprivation are reviewed. Current policies and legislations regarding work-hour limitations are examined. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals An Emergency and Disaster Course on Responding to Community and Family Healthcare Problems with Interprofessional Education for Undergraduate Medical, Nursing, and Dietitian Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s125-s125
Author(s):  
Madelina Ariani ◽  
Bella Donna ◽  
Sutono Sutono ◽  
Yayuk Hartriyanti ◽  
Fitriana Fitriana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration

Introduction:Emergencies and disasters need inter-discipline and inter-professional approaches because many problems in a disaster are due to poor coordination and collaboration. The disaster events during a decade in Indonesia highlighted the limitations of the healthcare system in responding to large-scale public health problems. Disaster health preparedness is the key to an effective response to any problems in community and family. Thus, education for health students has become a priority.Aim:Preparing fourth-year health students to be aware of disaster health problems in family and community with an inter-professional approach.Methods:Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing UGM were prepared for the fourth year undergraduate health students through a semester “Emergency and Disaster Course” under Community Family and Healthcare with the Inter-professional Education Program, first given in 2016 for four hundred students. Mix method between class lecture, training skill, and simulation. The course goals are to (1) educate students on disaster health management, (2) understand the health preparedness and disaster family kit, and (3) define the principle of health worker’s role and collaboration in disaster.Results:The course was well received and at the 2017-2018 session was improved based on students and faculty feedback. Disaster knowledge of students changed. However, they still had a problem in communication between professions. And addition, they became aware of the function and each role of health profession competency during a disaster.Discussion:A course for fourth-year health students about emergency and disaster health management is extremely relevant because they will be health workers soon. They must have good awareness, knowledge, and attitude to cope with disaster health problems in the future.

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