scholarly journals Tan Malaka: Dari Gerakan hingga Kontroversi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Uun Lionar ◽  
Ridho Bayu Yefterson ◽  
Hendra Naldi
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
New Order ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The Republic

Abstrak: Ditetapkan sebagai Pahlawan Nasional oleh Presiden Soekarno di tahun 1963, Tan Malaka hingga saat ini masih menjadi pahlawan yang “redup”. Keterlibatannya dalam tubuh Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) di masa Hindia Belanda telah menempatkan Tan Malaka pada posisi sulit, mengingat keberadaan PKI yang telah mengukir sejarah kelam di era kemerdekaan. Padahal, jika memperhatikan ide dan gagasan Tan Malaka yang tertuang dalam banyak karyanya, maka selayaknya ia dijuluki sebagai Bapak Republik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kiprah Tan Malaka dalam pergerakan nasional dah mengekplorasi titik kontroversi Tan Malaka. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa titik kontroversial Tan Malaka terletak pada keterlibatannya di tubuh PKI masa Hindia Belanda, namun demikian Tan Malaka adalah seorang nasionalis yang konsisten memperjuangkan cita-cita kemerdekaan Indonesia melalui ideologi yang diyakininya. Adanya larangan ajaran Marxisme-Komunisme pasca pemberontakan PKI di tahun 1965 membuat Tan Malaka semakin terpinggirkan sebagai pahlawan nasional, selama Orde Baru namanya tidak terdapat dalam buku-buku pelajaran di sekolah maupun dalam Album Pahlawan Nasional, hal ini menjadi kontroversi atas keterlibatnnya di tubuh PKI. Namun, Era Reformasi menunjukkan sebuah kemajuan, buku-buku karangan Tan Malaka kembali dicetak dan banyak ilmuan mulai serius menyelami sosok Tan Malaka, terutama berkenaan dengan pemikiran dan gagasannya.Kata Kunci: Tan Malaka, Kontroversi, RevolusiAbstract: Defined as a National Hero by President Soekarno in 1963, Tan Malaka is still a "dim" hero. His involvement in the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) during the Dutch East Indies had put Tan Malaka in a difficult position, given the existence of the PKI which had carved a dark history in the era of independence. In fact, if you pay attention to Tan Malaka's ideas and ideas contained in many of his works, then he should be called the Father of the Republic. This research aims to examine Tan Malaka's progress in the national movement and to explore the points of controversy of Tan Malaka. The method in this study uses the historical method which consists of 4 (four) stages, namely hauristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings of this study indicate that Tan Malaka's controversial point lies in his involvement in the PKI during the Dutch East Indies, however, Tan Malaka was a nationalist who consistently fought for the ideals of Indonesian independence through the ideology he believed in. The prohibition against the teachings of Marxism-Communism after the PKI rebellion in 1965 made Tan Malaka even more marginalized as a national hero, during the New Order his name was not included in school textbooks or in the National Hero Album, this became a controversy over his involvement in the PKI. However, the Reformation Era showed progress, Tan Malaka's books were again printed and many scientists began to seriously delve into the figure of Tan Malaka, especially with regard to his thoughts and ideas.Keywords: Tan Malaka, Controversy, Revolution 

scholarly journals Pancasila sebagai Sumber Hukum dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Fais Yonas Bo’a
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
National Legal System ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Binding Power ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum sudah mendapatkan legitimasi secara yuridis melalui TAP MPR Nomor XX/MPRS/1966 tentang Memorandum DPR-GR Mengenai Sumber Tertib Hukum Republik Indonesia dan Tata Urutan Peraturan Perundang Republik Indonesia. Setelah reformasi, keberadaan Pancasila tersebut kembali dikukuhkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 yang kemudian diganti dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum memberi makna bahwa sistem hukum nasional wajib berlandaskan Pancasila. Akan tetapi, keberadaan Pancasila tersebut semakin tergerus dalam sistem hukum nasional. Hal demikian dilatarbelakangi oleh tiga alasan yaitu: pertama, adanya sikap resistensi terhadap Orde Baru yang memanfaatkan Pancasila demi kelanggengan kekuasaan yang bersifat otoriter. Kedua, menguatnya pluralisme hukum yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kontradiksi-kontradiksi atau disharmonisasi hukum. Ketiga, status Pancasila tersebut hanya dijadikan simbol dalam hukum. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya untuk menerapkan Pancasila sebagai sumber segala sumber hukum dalam sistem hukum nasional yaitu: pertama, menjadikan Pancasila sebagai suatu aliran hukum agar tidak terjadi lagi disharmonisasi hukum akibat diterapkannya pluralisme hukum. Kedua, mendudukkan Pancasila sebagai puncak peraturan perundang-undangan agar Pancasila memiliki daya mengikat terhadap segala jenis peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga tidak melanggar asas lex superiori derogat legi inferiori.Pancasila as the source of all sources of law has obtained legitimacy legally through the Decree of the People’s Consultative Assembly Number XX / MPRS / 1966 on the Memorandum of the House of Representatives-Gotong Royong Regarding the Sources of Law and the Order of the Republic of Indonesia. After the reformation, the existence of Pancasila was re-confirmed in Law Number 10 Year 2004 which was subsequently replaced by Law Number 12 Year 2011 on Legislation Regulation. Pancasila as the source of all sources of law gives meaning that the national legal system must be based on Pancasila. However, now the existence of Pancasila is increasingly eroded in the national legal system. This is motivated by three reasons: first, the existence of resistance to the New Order that utilizes Pancasila for the sake of perpetuity of authoritarian power. Second, the strengthening of legal pluralism that resulted in legal contradictions or disharmony. Third, the status of Pancasila is only used as a symbol in law. Therefore, efforts should be made to implement Pancasila as the source of all sources of law in the national legal system: first, make Pancasila as a flow of law in order to avoid legal disharmonization due to the application of legal pluralism. Secondly, Pretend Pancasila as the top of legislation so that Pancasila have binding power against all kinds of laws and regulations so that it does not violate the principle of lex superiori derogat legi inferiori.

scholarly journals Volksraad (People Council): Radicale Concentratie Political Arena and National Fraction, 1918-1942

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Nazirwan Rohmadi ◽  
Warto Warto
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Second World ◽  
Legislative Institutions

This paper discusses the legislative institutions callled Volksraad established by the Dutch East Indies, which further used by the nationalist-moderate to achieve the national  independence of Indonesia. Historical method was used in this research. The historical method is distinguished into several stages, namely heuristic, critic, analysis, and historiography. Indonesia’s political figures established Radicale Concentratie to unite in order to achieve independence. Radicale Concentratie put a great pressure on the Dutch East Indies government. Radicale Concentratie no longer operated because of some conflicts that occurred among its members and the arrests done by the Dutch East Indies government. Radicale Concentratie’s struggle was continued by National Fraction which was established on 27 January 1930. The proposition of National Fraction that was fulfilled was the change in the nomenclatur of Indlander to Indonesisch. National Fraction often turned down the budget plan proposed by the Governor-General in preparing for the Second World War. This is because the Dutch East Indies fleet was funded by Indonesian taxes and the taxes were planned to be increased in order to win the war.

scholarly journals Learning From Personality A.H. Nasution: Starting from Glory to Getting Out of the Political and Military Stage in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Samudra Eka Cipta
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
The Military

General Abdul Haris Nasution is a national hero who has been educated from the military. Starting from being the Commander of the KNIL (Dutch East Indies Army) to becoming Minister of Internal Defense. Nasution once served as Commander of the Siliwangi Military Command. Nasution was very true of the military world. Nasution had been the target of murder from the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party). However, Nasution escaped death until he suffered minor injuries and legs. Nasution was also entrusted as Chair of the MPRS (Provisional People's Consultative Assembly). When Soekarno was confronted by Mahmilub (Extraordinary Court) by reading Pel-Nakwasara (Complementary Nakwasara) which contained about the pledoi for his defense efforts related to the G 30 S (September 30, 1965). Nasution, who was then chairman of the MPRS, refused the pledoi and immediately replaced Suharto as president. The New Order period lasted for 32 years Nasution's fate became increasingly tragic. Nasution was withdrawn from military service by Soeharto when it was proven in the Petition Objection 50 which was signed by several former generals and officers loyal to Sukarno to criticize Suharto's policies at that time. This researchs uses historical research methods, in this study aims to study more deeply about the figure of Abdul Haris Nasution began his career as a military until the end of the tragic as a retired soldier. The problem in this research is 1) How is the initial gait of A.H. Nasution? 2) How was Abdul Haris Nasution's role in defending Indonesia's independence 3) how Nasution's relationship with Sukarno and Suharto.

scholarly journals Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Wahyu Susilo
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
School Uniforms ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Dutch East Indies

This review of Robert F Hefner's book begins with the relevance of this book's cover to the current pros and cons regarding school uniforms and their relation to religion. This book was published when issues and religious symbols strengthened in the electoral process in Indonesia, at least in the 2014 elections and the DKI Regional Head Elections. Even though the proponent of this issue lost, the influence of Islam in the way of life of the state is getting stronger. In historical terms, Islam has always been an important factor in socio-political life since the Dutch East Indies to Indonesia today. Studies on the Dutch East Indies (Indology) to studies on Indonesia (Indonesia studies) always place Islam as a strong variable. Starting from Snouck Hurgonje to Cliford Geertz who was a pioneer in the study of Islam and their work became a reference for subsequent studies. Hefner's edited book contributes to showing the role and influence of Islam in contemporary Indonesia, especially after the reformation. Although not specifically reviewing Islam and Indonesia, all existing analyzes on democracy, law, politics, and socio-cultural aspects related to media, entertainment and ethnicity are closely related to Islam, as well as gender and plural society.

scholarly journals SEPAK TERJANG SARWO EDHIE WIBOWO DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS KEAMANAN NASIONAL INDONESIA (1965-1989)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Acep Nurodin ◽  
Didin Saripudin ◽  
Moch Eryk Kamsori
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
National Security ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
New Order ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Major General

This research entitled “The Action of Sarwo Edhie Wibowo in Maintaining Stability of Indonesia National Security (1965-1989)”. The Main problem in this research is “How was Sarwo Edhie Wibowo’s Action in Maintaining Indonesian National Security (1965-1989)”. The Research methodology used in this research is historical method through many steps such as heuristic, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The researcher used interdisciplinary approaches through sociology and politic study. Sarwo Edhie Wibowo’s position as Commander of The Command of The Army Regiment (RPKAD) was most attracted era. Based on the command of PANGKOSTRAD Major General Soeharto, Sarwo Edhie succeeded to overcome coup of 30th September Movement. Entering New Order era, Sarwo Edhie officiated as Pangdam II/Bukit Barisan and helped in PNI stopping operation in North Andalas and then became Pangdam XVII/Cendrawasih. As Pangdam XVII/Cendrawasih, Sarwo Edhie had a role in succeeding PEPERA execution. In the end of his career, Sarwo Edhie became Governor of AKABRI, ambassador in South Korea, Head of BP7, and last as member of DPR/MPR. Until the end, he was retired and passed away at 10th November 1989.

scholarly journals Akses Pendidikan bagi Pribumi pada Periode Etis (1901-1930)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhriansyah ◽  
Intan Ranti Permatasari Patoni
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This article examines the dynamics of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' access to education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period. Considering that, the Netherlands was the longest-running country exploiting the Indies, the country was obliged to bear the burden of reciprocation on their colony. The burden of reciprocity was realised through an Ethical Policy that has three programs. They are irrigation, transmigration, and education. Of the three, Education was the program that had major impacts on the Indonesian national movement. This research used historical method. The result of this research showed us that although education had succeeded in undermining the Dutch colonial domination, the education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period was not fully given as a whole by the colonial government. Instead, it was very limited. The Dutch colonial policies, especially the one concerning education were driven by their interest of economic benefits for themselves over the improvement of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' welfare.   Artikel ini membahas mengenai dinamika akses pendidikan bagi pribumi saat berlangsungya Politik Etis. Seperti yang diketahui, Belanda sebagai negara yang terlama mengeksploitasi Hindia Belanda membuat negara tersebut menanggung beban balas budi terhadap koloninya. Beban balas budi tersebut terwujud melalui program Politik Etis yang memiliki tiga program, yakni irigasi, transmigrasi, dan edukasi. Dari ketiga itu, pendidikan merupakan salah satu program Politik Etis dan salah satu program yang memiliki dampak besar bagi pergerakan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dengan analisis studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan meskipun pendidikan berhasil meruntuhkan dominasi kolonial, pendidikan saat periode Etis pun tidak serta merta langsung diberikan begitu saja oleh pemerintah kolonial meskipun tujuan Politik Etis adalah balas budi, pemberian pendidikan diberikan secara serba terbatas. Kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah kolonial, khususnya di bidang pendidikan didorong oleh kepentingan keuntungan ekonomi bagi mereka sendiri alih-alih oleh motif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat setempat.  

Jamal Effendi and Sayyid Mustafa Rumi in Celebes: The Context of Early Baha'i Missionary Activity in Indonesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Jelle de Vries
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Baha'i Faith ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dutch Colonial

In the late 19th century Jamal Effendi and Sayyid Mustafa Rumi made a journey to the Dutch East Indies (now the Republic of Indonesia) to establish the Baha'i Faith there. This paper presents the results of an attempt to recover more details of that journey by using Dutch colonial sources. It focuses on Jamal and Rumi's sojourn on the island of Celebes (now Sulawesi) as it was there that they achieved what might be considered to be one of their main successes: the conversion of the king and queen of Bon.

scholarly journals Inter-islands Dynamic Economy: Colonial Policy on the Indonesian Ports Development for International and Domestic Shipping During Colonial Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Haryono Rinardi ◽  
Yety Rochwulaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Growing Up ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Dynamic Economy ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Trading Networks

As a capital-intensive transport technology linked to industrialized economies, ports become more essential economic infrastructure for developing periphery. Using the historical method, this article examines the relations between ports construction and the development of the voyages of the Indonesian archipelago, which was before called the Dutch East Indies. Based on the results, the port's construction caused by several factors. First, the colonial government wanted to reduce Singapore's role as an entre-port for the Dutch East Indies shipping activities, so that several ports been developed in the outer islands of Java. Second, ports development in outer islands became one of the Dutch economic expansions. Third, to relinquish reliance on foreign shipping companies, the colonial government then developed KPM and gave a monopoly right of shipping across the islands. Fourth, the utilization of modern ship engines in shipping led the growing up international voyages and had prompted the government to develop ports. Another interesting finding from this article is the relation between shipping and trade, the port constructions in various parts of the Dutch East Indies has encouraged trading networks developed in the area.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN KOLONIAL DAN POLITIK ASOSIASI: KAJIAN ATAS MEMOAR PANGERAN ARIA ACHMAD DJAJADININGRAT (1877-1943)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Iim Imadudin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies

AbstrakPenulisan artikel ini didasari perdebatan bagaimana sesungguhnya peranan para pangreh praja didikan Barat dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Oleh karena berada dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, mereka dianggap tidak berkontribusi dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Bahkan, mereka dianggap merintangi gerak langkah kaum pergerakan sehingga sering dianggap sebagai lawan politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap sejarah pemikiran dan mentalitas dari salah seorang bupati  terkemuka pribumi asal Banten, Ahmad Djajadiningrat, melalui memoarnya yang berjudul Memoar Pangeran Aria Djajadiningrat. Pangeran Aria Ahmad Djajadiningrat mengikuti pendidikan mulai dari HIS, ELS, hingga HBS di Batavia. Berbagai jabatan di pemerintahan diembannya, mulai dari bupati, anggota Volksraad, mindere welvaart comissie, hingga anggota Raad van Indie. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Ahmad Djajadiningrat di satu sisi menjadi pemimpin tradisional yang kharismatis dan aparat pemerintah yang loyal, namun di sisi lain bersikap kritis terhadap kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda dan mendorong berkembangnya pergerakan nasional di tanah Banten. AbstractThe writing of this article is based on the actual debate on what the role of Western-based education of pangreh pradja is in the struggle for independence. Because it is in the Dutch East Indies, they are considered not to be contributing to the struggle for independence. In fact, they were considered to hinder the movement of the steps that are often regarded as political opponents. This study aims to reveal the history of thought and mentality of anative and famousleader from Banten, Ahmad Djajadiningrat, through his memoirs entitled Memoirs of Prince Aria Djajadiningrat. The Prince Aria Ahmad Djajadiningrat started his education in HIS, ELS, to HBS in Batavia.  The various positions in government was held, ranging from the regents, members of the Volksraad, mindere Welvaart comissie, until become a member of the Raad van Indie. This study uses historical method which consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results shows that Ahmad Djajadiningrat isa traditional charismatic leader and a loyal government official. On the other hand, he is critical to the Dutch East Indies government policies and encouraging the development of a national movement in Banten.

scholarly journals DARI PASANGGRAHAN HINGGA GRAND HOTEL: AKOMODASI PENGINAPAN UNTUK TURIS PADA MASA HINDIA-BELANDA DI PRIANGAN (1869-1942)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Andi Arismunandar ◽  
Reiza D. Dienaputra ◽  
Raden Muhammad Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Hotel

Pada periode akhir masa kolonial Belanda di Hindia, justru semakin banyak turis yang berkunjung. Priangan yang merupakan primadona kunjungan wisata pada masa itu, tentunya harus menata diri sebagai persiapan menyambut dan melayani para turis yang berkunjung. Akomodasi penginapan dalam dunia pariwisata adalah hal yang pokok untuk tersedia dan memadai di lokasi-lokasi yang akan dituju oleh para turis. Berbagai kisah menarik mengenai perkembangan akomodasi penginapan membawa nilai positif bagi para turis yang berkunjung ke Priangan berdasarkan sumber-sumber yang ditemukan oleh penulis. Maka, untuk menjabarkan persoalan tersebut dibutuhkan kajian historis dengan menggunakan metode sejarah, terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan ini, bahwa pariwisata baru mulai menggeliat ketika memasuki akhir dari Abad ke-19 dimana Pesanggrahan dan Hotel semakin berkembang sebagai jawaban untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penginapan bagi para turis. Setidak-tidaknya dari berbagai sumber yang coba penulis baca dan telaah dapat menjelaskan mengenai perkembangan akomodasi penginapan pariwisata pada masa kolonial Hindia Belanda. During the late Dutch colonial period in the Dutch East Indies, more and more tourists visited. As a result, Priangan, which was the most favorite tourist destination at that time, certainly had to manage itself better to serve the tourist visits. Therefore, the availability of adequate lodging accommodation in the world of tourism was a mandatory requirement, especially in tourist destinations. Referring the sources found by the author, there are various interesting stories about the development of lodging accommodation with a positive impact on tourists in Priangan. To describe this problem, a historical study is needed using the historical method consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research conducted, it was revealed that tourism in Priangan first began to grow towards the end of the 19th century as indicated by the growing number of guest houses and hotels in response to meet the lodging needs of tourists. The results of the analysis of various sources used as a reference in this study indicate that the development of tourism accommodation during the Dutch East Indies colonial had a positive impact on the progress of tourism in Priangan.

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