A comprehensive approach to modern aspects in sunflower selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rotation Crop

According to scientists of the NAAS network, the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids of Ukrainian selection is used in production by no more than 30%. Due to the reduction of the rotation period in crop rotation, crop losses from diseases increased from 10-15% to 35%, and in some favorable years for the development of diseases, losses only from rot are 70% or more. Phytopathological studies were performed on a stationary artificial infectious background of the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS during 2017-2020. We studied the biological resistance to major fungal diseases of new promising lines and hybrids of sunflower breeding institutions of NAAS (Institute of Plant Breeding Yur`eva). Synthetic artificial infectious background was formed during 16 years with forced introduction of infection during sowing of selection genotypes of sunflower. To assess the resistance of sunflower varieties to dry rot and embelization, the infectious background began to be created in 2012. Infectious material was developed in the immunity laboratory of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS by increasing pure cultures by the method of V.Y. White Assessment of resistance of sunflower to a number of diseases in the field was carried out according to the method of VP Mistletoe. Sowing was carried out with a seeding rate of 55 thousand / ha. According to the results of field and laboratory studies, sunflower lines and hybrids were identified, which were characterized by the duration of the growing season of the phase "seedlings-physiological maturity" in hybrids 95-110 days, in lines 85-105 days. The selected linear samples had a yield higher than the linear standard (ZL42 with a yield of 0.97 t/ha), and the studied sterile lines had a yield from 1.76 (+0.79) to 1.96 (+0.99) t/ha. Pollen fertility restorer lines had a yield at the level of 0.36 (-0.05) - 0.55 (+0.14) t/ha, when forming the yield of the control line ZL260V - 0.41 t / ha. Created hybrids based on these lines (parental components) formed a yield: Firstborn 3.34 t / ha, Tour - 3.80 t / ha, which is higher than the control hybrid Darius from 0.4 to 0.86 t / ha, respectively. The weight of 1000 seeds of sterile analogues varied in the range of 55.2 g - 56.4 g. In the lines of pollen fertility restorers in the range of 29.4-35.0 g. In the presented hybrids, the average weight of 1000 seeds was in the range of 57.0-60,1 g, while the standard Darius formed a mass of 1000 seeds within 49.0 g. The selected samples had a high percentage of fat accumulation in the seeds. This figure ranged from 49.76 (ZL96A) to 51.12% (ZL72A) among sterile analogues, while the standard sample ZL42A had an oil content of 49.26%. New selected sunflower hybrids were marked by fat content in seeds at the level of 51.88 (Prize) and 52.12% (Firstborn), while the hybrid - standard Darius also had a fairly high level of oil content, namely 48.13%. The presented lines and their hybrid combinations for the study period (2017-2020) combined relatively high resistance to powdery mildew, dry rot, embelisation and high economic performance. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment, a number of hybrids were identified. Among them are Tour, Prize and Firstborn. With such indicators, the presented hybrids are able to compete with dignity in the sunflower seed market.

FEATURES OF THE OIL-BEARING-CROP (CHARTHAMUS) CULTIVATION UNDER THE CONTRASTIVE EDAPHIC-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
S. К. Temirbekova ◽  
Yu. V. Afanaseva ◽  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
S. A. Vasilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Rostov Region

The results of long-term studies of the biological, morphological and phenological features of the introduced new culture of safflower in the Central, Volga and North Caucasus regions are presented. Optimum parameters of depth of seeding (5-6 cm), seeding rates (300-350 thousand pieces/hectare or 12-14 kg), ensuring high productivity, oil content and quality of seeds are established. For the first time, the relationship between moisture availability of vegetation periods with accumulation of oil content and a change in the fatty acid composition was established. Oilseed (in untreated seeds) in the regions was from 14,5 to 31,2%, in excessively wet 2013 – 6,4% in the Moscow region and 8,6% in the Saratov region. Fatty acid composition revealed a high content of oleic acid in Krasa Stupinskaya variety – 13,6-16,8%, linoleic acid – 68,5-75,7%. The yield of oil in the Moscow region was 240 kg/ha. The yield of Krasa Stupinskaya in the Moscow Region was 0,6 t/ha, the Rostov Region 0,8 t/ha and Saratov Region 1,2 t/ha, with an average weight of 1000 seeds, respectively, by regions: 40,0 g, 47,3 g and 40,9 g. The growing season for growing seeds was 105 days in the Moscow Region, 94 days in the Rostov Region and 95 days in the Saratov Region. It has been established that excessive moistening during the flowering and seed filling period increases the harmfulness of enzyme-mycosis seed depletion (EMIS) – biological injury during maturation (enzymatic stage), followed by the seeding of the seeds with the phytopathogen Alternaria carthami Chowdhury. In the breeding programs for productivity and oil content, it is recommended to use the varieties Moldir (Kazakhstan) and Krasa Stupinskaya (FGBNU VSTISP), the fatty acid composition of which is characterized by an increased content of oleic and linoleic acid, which is of particular value for storage and use for food purposes.

Effect of varying seeding rates on hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Deynze ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Matter Production

To compare the effects of varying seeding rate on the agronomic performance, phenology and seed quality of hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars, four hybrid and two conventional summer rape cultivars were seeded at 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha−1 at two locations for 3 yr. The hybrid cultivars were, very importantly, 24% higher yielding and produced 50% more total dry matter than the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were, on average, 1.3% lower in seed oil content, 1.0% higher in seed protein content and equal in sum of oil and protein in the seed compared with the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were on average, 1.3 d later to 50% flowering and 1.1 d later to maturity than the average for the conventional cultivars, (i.e., equal or earlier to flowering and maturity than Regent). The hybrid cultivars were also 3.9% lower in harvest index and 1.3 ppm lower in chlorophyll content than the conventional cultivars. In spite of these differences, there were no significant cultivar-by-seeding-rate interactions, indicating that the hybrid and conventional cultivars responded similarly to varying seeding rate. Lodging, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, survival, oil content and protein content displayed significant linear responses to varying seeding rate. Stand at maturity, seed yield and total dry matter production displayed significant linear and quadratic responses to varying seeding rate. Varying seeding rate had no effect on seed formation period, the sum of oil and protein content, or chlorophyll content. A seeding rate of 6 kg ha−1 maximized seed yield for both hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, seed quality, agronomy, phenology

scholarly journals Olanzapine-high potency antipsychotic drug inducing significant weight gain: A case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Maric ◽  
Dragana Josifovic-Kostic ◽  
Olivera Vukovic ◽  
Dubravka Britvic ◽  
Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
High Level

INTRODUCTION Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) with a high level of therapeutic effectiveness in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Along with the positive therapeutic effects, an increase of the body weight frequently occurs. According to the literature, the average weight gain is about 6-7 kg during several months of treatment. This could be valued as a moderate weight increase. CASE OUTLINE This article presents a case of a young female with schizophrenia, without clinical improvement with several antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone, haloperidol) and with the occurrence of significant neurological side effects. The treatment started with olanzapine (baseline) was associated with good initial response (PANSS reduction 20% in the first two weeks) and the improvement was maintained further on (PANSS reduction 50% after 16 weeks). Significant increase (20 kg, 40%) in weight appeared during the following 16 weeks (BMI at baseline 17.9 kg/m2; BMI 16 weeks later 25.1 kg/m2). CONCLUSION High effectiveness of olanzapine in schizophrenia symptoms reduction was accompanied by a significant weight gain. However, this drug leads to impaired glucoregulation, dyslipidaemia etc. It also increases the risk of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases, i.e. the main causes of mortality in schizophrenia after a suicide. Therefore, clinicians are suggested to focus on possible predictors of weight gain during olanzapine therapy, and act accordingly in order to prevent serious health consequences.

INFLUENCE DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE ET DE L’ECARTEMENT ENTRE LES RANGS DE CEREALES-ABRI RECOLTEES COMME FOURRAGE SUR L’ETABLISSEMENT DE LA LUZERNE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLES DEPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Forage Yields

The effect of companion crop management on the establishment of alfalfa was evaluated. The studied variables included species of cereals, row spacing and seeding rate of companion crop, stage of maturity of the companion crop at harvest, and an additional nitrogen fertilizer application. The cereals were harvested as forage. In the year after the seeding year, the first yield of alfalfa was determined. In seven trials, forage yields of a pure stand of alfalfa were 3350 kg/ha in the first cut of the seeding year. These yields averaged 60% of forage yields obtained from the combination of alfalfa and companion crop. However, cereals substantially reduced the total digestible nutrients, crude protein and calcium contents of the forage as compared to the pure alfalfa. The additional 38 kg/ha of nitrogen at tillering provided an extra yield of 600 kg/ha. Row spacing had little or no effect on forage yield. Even though wider spacings has considerably reduced seeding rates increased spacing from 18 to 54 cm did not affect barley yield while wheat was reduced by 400 kg/ha and oat increased by 300 kg/ha. Also, the average number of stems per meter of row increased by 89% with an average weight gain of 23% for each stem at the 54-cm spacing. At the first cut in the year following establishment, yields of alfalfa established with a companion crop were equal to or lower than those in pure stand. Yield reductions varied from 0 to 13% with barley and wheat but approached 30% when oats were seeded in 18-cm rows. However, the yield reduction was only 14% in the 54-cm row spacing of oats.Key words: Medicago sativa L., nitrogen fertilization, companion crop

Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine experiments were conducted in Alberta and Manitoba between 1988 and 1991 to determine the effect of row spacing and seeding rates on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity. Row spacings of 15 and 30 cm at Morden had little effect on yield, while in southern Alberta there was a tendency toward increased yields with narrow rows (23 cm) compared with wide rows (46 cm). Seeding rates of 32–40 kg ha−1 were required to obtain maximum seed yields. Oil content, test weight, and days to maturity were not consistently affected by row spacing or seeding rate. Key words:Carthamus, row spacings, seeding rates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity

Assessment of blackberry varieties suitable for growing in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
L. Shubenko ◽  
S. Shokh ◽  
Kumanska Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The research aimed to study the productivity of blackberry foreign varieties (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine as they are attractive for production due to their fruit taste and appearance. The task was to establish the beginning and duration of fruiting of blackberry varieties, to determine the yield level and the quality of the berries. A fi eld experiment was conducted on the experimental fi eld of the Scientific and Research Center of BNAU to assess the productivity of blackberry varieties. The studies were started in the spring of 2017 on blackberry seedlings with growing the culture in vitro in the biotechnological laboratory of the university. The tests included 5 varieties with climbing shoots: Smoothstem, Thornfree, Black Satin, Triple Crown, Arapaho. According to the results of observations, it was found that for two years of fruiting among the studied varieties, the earliest production was received in the Arapaho variety, in the first decade of July. Triple Crown, with the fi rst fruits ripened on August 2, was characterized by late fruiting. The Triple Crown variety diff ered by the longest period of berry coming – 35 days. The yield obtained in a year after planting is not an indicator of long-term crop yields. However, the Triple Crown variety diff ered by the highest yield in the fi rst year of fruiting, with an average of 3.7 kg of berries obtained from a bush. High yields were also observed in the Smoothstem variety. Black Satin variety was characterized by the high level of yield growth for over two years of fruiting, which amounted to 80 %. The largest in the fi rst years of fruiting were Triple Crown fruits with an average weight of 11.1 g. The maximum weight of individual berries of this variety reached 17.7 g. The Arapaho variety also stood out with its large fruits of 8.5 g on average. Some fruits reached a maximum weight of 12.1 g. Key words: blackberry, the beginning of fruiting, productivity, average weight of berries, duration of products supply.

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON PLANT AND SEED CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW FLAX CULTIVARS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Five flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars, Dufferin, McGregor, Linott, NorLin and NorMan were grown in the field in 1985, 1986 and 1987 at seeding rates of 200, 400, 600 and 800 seeds m−2. Averaged over all cultivars and years, as seeding rate increased from 200 to 800 seeds m−2, maturity was hastened 2.1 d, seed weight decreased 0.16 g 1000−1 seeds, oil content decreased 0.6%, iodine number decreased 1.3 units and volume weight was not markedly changed. Lodging increased and basal branching decreased from 1.68 to 0.18 branches per plant as seeding rate increased. Plant height increased 0.6 cm from the 200 to the 400 seeds m−2 rate then decreased 1.8 cm from the 400 to the 800 seeds m−2 rate. Seed yield increased from 110 to 124 g m−2 as seeding rate increased from 200 to 600 seeds m−2, then decreased to 121 g m−2 at 800 seeds m−2. Although yields of the five cultivars varied somewhat in their response to seeding rate and year, most yielded near optimum at the 600 seeds m−2 seeding rate.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., seeding rate, lodging

Modelling of activated sludge processes with structured biomass

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J.J. Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Kinetic Relations ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Bacterial communities when subjected to feast-famine conditions as occurring in many wastewater treatment systems store substrates as reserve polymers. Including storage polymers in a description of microbial growth processes makes important the choice of kinetic relations. Presently there is no sound description for the diversion of substrate towards biomass growth or substrate storage. Based on observations with pure cultures and mixed cultures growing under dynamic conditions a model is proposed to describe such behaviour. This description is based on the observation that bacteria in order to grow fast have to induce a high level of RNA and proteins in order to allow fast growth. We assume that this protein synthesising system is only induced in the presence of external substrates. Based on this assumption a model structure is proposed and evaluated. It seems that this model can predict the turnover of PHA in the cells correctly, and describes well the overall behaviour mixed culture SBR systems. However especially the growth rate in the famine phase seems to be overestimated. The model defined here is a contribution to a further development of mechanistically based models for activated sludge processes.

Seeding rate and row spacing effect on weed competition, yield and quality of hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. M. Woods ◽  
J. P. Raney
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Silty Loam

Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2000 to 2002, to determine the effect of seeding rate and row spacing on weed competition, as well as on seed, shoot biomass production and seed q uality attributes of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L. ‘Fasamo’ and ‘Finola’). Increasing seeding rate from 20 to 60 or 80 kg ha-1decreased weed density in all years (average of 33%) and reduced weed size (34%) in 2000. It also increased hemp plant density, biomass and seed yield (average of 174, 23 and 34%, respectively). Seed weight and protein were not affected by seeding rates, but seed oil content increased 1% in one year, when seeding rate increased from 20 to 60 kg ha-1. Row spacing (18 and 36 cm) had little or no definite effect on most of the parameters studied. Key words: Biomass, cultivar, hemp, protein content, oil content, organic farming, row spacing, seeding rate, weed competition

Effects of Plant and Canopy Density on Seed Yield and Oil Content in White Lupin (Lupinus albus)

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McGibbon ◽  
Watkin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Axillary Branches

SUMMARYHigh plant populations caused a reduction in pod set and consequently in seed yield. Removal of axillary branches reduced the average weight of seed and percentage seed oil on primary racemes, indicating transport of photosynthate from branch leaves to storage sites in pods on primary racemes. Debranching at low densities was also associated with premature senescence of leaves and desiccation of immature pods, suggesting that branch removal need not have an exclusively simple nutritional basis. High canopy density reduced oil content, and seeds borne on primary racemes had lower oil levels than those on axillary branches.

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