scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella, isolated from cloacal swab samples from turtles in Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Dennis Sifried Guerra Centeno ◽  
Joana Borrayo Godínez ◽  
Carlos Valdez Sandoval ◽  
Manuel Lepe López ◽  
Federico Villatoro Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology ◽  
University Of San Carlos

Salmonellosis is a relevant public health threat worldwide. Reptiles are commonly involved in cases in humans. A microbiological survey was conducted from August to October 2018 to isolate Salmonella bacteria and look for antibiotic-resistant isolates in pet turtles of five species (Kinosternon sp., Rhinoclemmys sp., Staurotypus sp., Trachemys scripta y T. venusta) in Guatemala City and San Lucas Sacatepéquez. Cloacal swabs were taken from 63 turtle individuals and cultivated in the Microbiology Laboratory at the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of San Carlos of Guatemala. Three samples were positive to the presence of Salmonella sp. One of these isolates (from Trachemys scripta) was resistant to Gentamicin, Penicillin and Amikacin, other isolate (from T. scripta) was partially resistant to Amoxicilin+Clavulanic Acid and Penicillin and other (from T. venusta) to Penicillin. These findings highlight the need for better biosecurity practices and show the capacity of bacteria to develop survival strategies that involve resistance to harmful substances like antibiotics.     Key words: Salmonellosis, public health, epidemiology, zoonoses, multiresistant gram negative bacteria. 

MODELING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PREGNANT WOMAN AND FETUS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
HAI-FENG HUO ◽  
JUN LI ◽  
YU-NING LI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Uniform Persistence ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Potential Impact

Infection caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens is one of global public health problems. Many factors contribute to the emergence and spread of these pathogens. A model which describes the transmission dynamics of susceptible and resistant bacteria in a pregnant woman and the fetus is presented. Detailed qualitative analysis about positivity, boundedness, global stability and uniform persistence of the model is carried out. Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis show that antibiotic input has potential impact for neonatal drug resistance. Our results show that the resistant bacteria in baby mainly come from antibiotics which are wrongly-used during gestational period, or foods containing antibiotic residues.

scholarly journals Emerging cross-disciplinary profiles: The Geomatic Epidemiologist

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Recchioni ◽  
V Castello ◽  
S Del Vecchio ◽  
V Ciaccio ◽  
A M Donia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology ◽  
And Training

Abstract Issue Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies are increasingly used in Public Health epidemiology, showing a great potential in anticipating and responding to actual and future challenges for the public health system and in improving health services' excellence. According to the evidences collected within a wide meta-research carried on of relevant literature (”GIS geographic information system” and “GIS geographic information system and training” on Pubmed; “epidemiologist use of GIS and training” and “epidemiologist use of gis” on Google Scholar),GIS and new sensing technologies are mostly used to: map air and water pollution, map diseases prevalence, predict infection diseases and vector-spread diseases in big areas, study health service coverage and preparedness in emergencies, map cities and study urban health, study climate changes for decision making. Description of the Problem Specific skills and training are required to address the use of GIS and new sensing technologies.The specific aim of our study is to identify the professional profile of a new figure, called 'Geomatic Epidemiologist' and to define its professional and educational standards, as well as the relevant training programs. Results Data collection and analysis of INAPP and ESCO databases about existing professional profiles (starting from 2016) has allowed drafting a first qualification schema and profile. The profile has been defined according to the 4C model (elaborated by Univaq) distinguishing between Hard Skills (technical knowledge and skills),Soft Skills (cognitive, individual and social) and interpersonal behaviors. Conclusions Profile will be validated with relevant stakeholders and Public Health professionals in order to deepen the understanding of the main competences required to study health issues with GIS and related technologies; to this extent, a questionnaire has been elaborated to evaluate relevance, frequency and complexity of each component of the profile Key messages Developing cross-disciplinary profiles, (i.e. the Geomatic Epidemiologist) integrating clusters of competences (holistic approach). Public health research challenges and excellence.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

scholarly journals Aproximación Diagnóstica De Las Enfermedades Sistémicas De Los Pacientes Con Signos Y Lesiones Oculares Atendidos En La Consulta Externa Del Hospital Veterinario De Animales De Compañía De La Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Laparra-Galindo Julia Patricia ◽  
Mendez-Valenzuela Carlos Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The University ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
University Of San Carlos ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Ocular Signs

The goal of this article is to show the most frequent types of differential diagnoses of systemic diseases in canines with ocular signs and lesions. For this purpose, a retrospective study was conducted on 510 medical records from patients of the Companion Animal Veterinary Hospital (HVAC) of the University of San Carlos (USAC) of Guatemala, from August to November 2017. The inclusion criteria were: canine species, having a differential diagnosis established list of possible systemic diseases and an eye examination by specialist. Through a descriptive analysis of the data, it was established that, of the 510 canines examined, 212 (42%) presented signs and ocular alterations, of these there were 550 differential diagnosis, which were categorized using the acronym DAMNIT V; from which it was determined that 40% are infectious / inflammatory, neoplasic (19%) followed by metabolic processes (13%), allergic / autoimmune (10%), degenerative (7%), idiopathic (5%), traumatic / toxic 4% and finally vascular (2%).

scholarly journals Desafíos de la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad en la Universidad de San Carlos de GuatemalaChallenges in the inclusion of students with disabilities at the University of San Carlos of Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Ingrid L. Elizondo-Quintanilla ◽  
Jessica P. García-Mirón ◽  
María J, Carranza-Padilla.
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The University ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
University Of San Carlos

La Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (Usac), como única universidad estatal, está obligada a desarrollar procesos que permitan la inclusión de grupos vulnerados en la educación superior. Es necesario monitorear constantemente dichos procesos; por lo que se desarrolló la investigación denominada “Inclusión educativa de estudiantes con discapacidad en la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala: seguimiento y estudio de casos bajo la perspectiva interseccional”, durante el año 2017, con el aval del Instituto Universitario de la Mujer y el financiamiento de la Dirección General de Investigación de la Usac. El tipo de investigación fue no experimental, con un enfoque mixto de investigación, reflejado en las tendencias porcentuales de caracterización y en la valoración cualitativa de las experiencias de los estudiantes. Se utilizó el método interseccional para incorporar factores asociados a la exclusión social, como condición de discapacidad, sexo, pertenencia étnica, edad, grupo socioeconómico y orientación sexual. La muestra no probabilística, fue integrada por estudiantes con y sin discapacidad, así como por personal docente y administrativo. Los resultados evidencian la falta de un registro fidedigno de personas con discapacidad; sin embargo, los participantes brindaron información que cualitativamente puede considerarse útil para implementar acciones que permitan mejorar la inclusión por perspectiva de discapacidad con enfoque de derechos humanos. Así mismo, se busca compartir las experiencias de la comunidad universitaria de la Usac en relación con la accesibilidad en el ámbito universitario.

scholarly journals Exploring experiences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young racially minoritised people in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Ann Burgess ◽  
Nancy Kanu ◽  
Tanya Matthews ◽  
Owen Mukotekwa ◽  
Amina Smith-Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Impact

Within high-income-countries, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people from racially minoritised backgrounds. There has been significant research interrogating the disparate impact of the virus, and recently, interest in the long-term implications of the global crisis on young people’s mental health and wellbeing. However, less work explores the experiences of young people from racialised backgrounds as they navigate the pandemic, and the specific consequences this has for their mental health. Forty young people (age 16-25) from black, mixed and other minority backgrounds and living in London, participated in consecutive focus group discussions over a two-month period, to explore the impact of the pandemic on their lives and emotional wellbeing. Thematic analysis identified seven categories describing the impact of the pandemic, indicating: deepening of existing socioeconomic and emotional challenges; efforts to navigate racism and difference within the response; and survival strategies drawing on communal and individual resources. Young people also articulated visions for a future public health response which addressed gaps in current strategies. Findings point to the need to contextualize public health responses to the pandemic in line with the lived experiences of racialised young people. We specifically note the importance of long-term culturally and socio-politically relevant support interventions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed

scholarly journals People Empowerment: An Approach towards Indigenous Early Childhood Curriculum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Geraldine D. Villaluz, RSCJ
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Day Care ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Day Care Teachers ◽  
The University ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
University Of San Carlos

This paper is aimed at presenting an implemented community engagement of the University of San Carlos School of Education with the communities of Agusan del Sur, Philipines, in close partnership with the Justice Peace and Integrity of Creation-IDC, (JPIC-IDC) Incorporated of Agusan del Sur as a response to a felt need in the early childhood education program of the province. In 2004, JPIC pooled together concerted resources from provincial and local government units, non-government organization and academe to create and develop a cul-ture-based curriculum guide for early childhood education that is appropriate and responsive to the needs of indigenous groups in Agusan del Sur, Southern Philippines. To address these needs, an ethnographic commu-nity engagement framework was utilized and initiated by JPIC-IDC team and the University Of San Carlos School Of Education. The community engagement framework facilitated the partnership of Agusan del Sur government leaders, a non-government organization in Germany, community cultural masters, Day Care Teachers and the University of San Carlos School of Education to create a developmentally appropriate and culture-based cur-riculum for Day Care with a supporting handbook for mother-teachers in early childhood education. As a result of this framework, children drop-out decreased from 80% to 10% while parent-community involvement in-creased from 30% to 90% in 2009 (JPIC-IDC, 2007). Ongoing teacher trainings and community orientations on the culture-based curriculum have been extended to 42 additional communities in 2012-2018 from 35 com-munities in 2007 upon request from the provincial governor. Two editions of a culture-based handbook have been published and a third edition is currently prepared for District 2 communities with guided participation by Day Care teachers as co-authors. This community engagement framework, initiated by the Justice Peace and Integrity of Creation of Agusan del Sur Philippines involving all stakeholders from the provincial leaders to the recipients of early childhood education, serves as a model to community extension service programs (CES) of schools and universities as well as to curriculum practitioners and administrators. Three principles involved in this particular community engagement concretely demonstrate that program sustainability is a product of partnership, sensitivity to culture and context and relevance to community’s need.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document