scholarly journals Modification of the methodology for ssessing the viability of introduced species in accordance with the conditions of dry steppe zone of the Orenburg region

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Daria G. Fedorova ◽  
Natalia M. Nazarova ◽  
Yulia F. Kuhlevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Viability Score

Abstract. The work was carried out to modify the method of assessing the viability of plants, taking into account the limiting factors of the climatic conditions of the Orenburg Preduralie. Are studied several species of plants, during the introduction at the steppe zone (on example of Оrenburg). Introduction study of all taxons was carried out for 8 years (20122020). The results of visual and laboratory observations of the seasonal development of species. During the entire observation period such indicators, as lignification of shoots, heat resistance, drought resistance, winter hardiness, shoot-forming capacity, height increase, generative development, and possible ways of reproduction in culture were evaluated annually. For each indicator numerical values in points corresponding to a certain state of the plant were selected. Based on the integrated assessment, the total viability score was calculated separately for each year of observations and the average score for the observation period. The sum of the average scores is an integral numerical expression of the viability of the introduced plants. Was established that the studied species belong to the I and II group relatively the criterion of life skills. The most species and sorts are among the most promising plants for introduction.

THE LAND DESERTAFICATION PROBLEM IN SEMIDESERTIC AND DRY STEPPE ZONES IN CHECHEN REPUBLIC

1970 ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Kh. А. Khusaynov ◽  
Sh. M. Abasov ◽  
M. Sh. Abasov ◽  
Z. B. Magamadgazieva ◽  
A. V. Tuntaev
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Dry Steppe

In the sand cultivation requires a special system of farming with a complex of measures for plant protection from deflation (strip sowing, nonmoldboard tillage system with crop residues, soil protecting crop rotation, coulisses with tall-stalked plants and the system of the forest shelter belt), application of the fertilizers, ameliorants (clays), selection of crops and varieties, which ensuring high yields in relatively poor soils, rational use of agricultural machines and implements, combining the performance of several field operations in a single pass technique, laying -out of the individual plots for tractor driving located on the internal land masses. In the article, in the framework of the state order for the development of adaptive-landscape farming systems for the dry steppe zone of the Chechen Republic, the results of studies on agro-ecological assessment of climatic conditions of the administrative areas of semi-desert and dry steppe zones of the region, including the problem of desertification. In this regard, the above-mentioned factors contributing to the loss of fertile layer of soil, disruption of their structural properties, mechanical composition. On the basis of these results, the authors propose a complex of agrotechnical and reclamation measures for prevention of desertification in sandy soils of semi-desert and dry steppe zones of the Chechen Republic. The most of sandy soil lands are not protected by forest belts and therefore crop cultivation is carried out by strip cropping. Strips width in dry steppe should be 98.43…164.04 ft and semidesert zone 49.21…98.43 ft. The strips are located vertical to prevailing winds which cause the soil erosion. On the semidesert zone should be six-fields crop rotation: 1,2,3,4 – perennial grass, 5 – melons and grounds, 6 – winter rye and sainfoin for hay.

scholarly journals Introduction success of less common species from the genus Berberis L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-640
Author(s):  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
T. I. Lykholat ◽  
O. M. Bobrova ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
National University

The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.

scholarly journals The phenological observations as the basis for the formation of the database of phenological spectrums of woody plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Emelyanova ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
L. I. Masalova
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Central Russia

Relevance. A study of the seasonal (phenological) phenomena and natural connections between them on the background of the relevant environmental conditions is of great scientific and practical interest. Knowledge of the dynamics of the seasonal development of woody plants helps in the selection of species and their assessment from an aesthetic and sanitary points of view, as well as in the development and implementation of measures to increase the sustainability of urban green spaces. Materials and methods. The purpose of these studies is to create a database of the dynamics of seasonal development of North American woody plants based on the results of many years of phenological monitoring (2003-2017). The 20 species and forms of North American woody introducers e of the VNIISPK arboretum genetic collection were the objects. Results. It was revealed that the growing season of woody North American plants corresponds to the climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of central Russia. The species with the earliest beginning of the growing season (the third decade of March) were distinguished. There were Mahonia pinnata, M. aquifolia, Betula lenta and B. lutea. On the basis of phenological calendars, phenological spectrums have been constructed. These consist of three lines (the development of leaves, shoots, flowers and fruits) with the corresponding color symbols. It has been revealed that phenospectrums vary depending on the conditions of the year. As a result, the database of 20 species and forms of North American woody plants was formed in the form of phenological spectrums against the background of registration of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of Russia. The database includes three options for the possible dynamics of the seasonal development of introduced North American plants. The created database allows observing, comparing, evaluating and forecasting changes in the seasonal rhythm of the studied species of introduced North American plants.

scholarly journals Number and taxonomic structure of blood-sucking insects community in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
T. A. Khlyzova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Impact

The abundance level of blood-sucking Diptera is, to a large extent, determined by natural and climatic conditions and hydrological regime of rivers, and is subject to significant fluctuations. In order to assess the impact of meteorological conditions of the season on the abundance of blood-sucking Diptera, the abundance ratio of horseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies and midges in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region for 2006, 2013-2017 was compared. The study was performed in the surroundings of Isetskoye Village and Barkhatovo Village in Isetsky District of Tyumen Region. This area belongs to the province of Tobol forest-steppe. The study area is located on the left bank of Iset river. The forest-steppe zone is located in the south of the region. The region has very cold winters, the average temperature in January is -18-20ºС. The summer season lasts about 125 days, the average temperature in July is +19-20ºC. Spring and autumn seasons are short. The region is characterized by late frosts in spring until the end of the first decade of June and early autumn, and sometimes in late August. Analysis of data obtained showed that of the six seasons studied the largest gnus abundance was registered in 2014, the minimum abundance was in 2006. The abundance level and the individual components ratio of «GNUS» complex were subject to significant changes depending on the season, in 2006 and 2014, the blackflies were mostly collected, and in 2013, 2015-2017 – mosquitoes. Meteorological and hydrological conditions of winter and spring seasons have the greatest impact on the level of insect populations of «gnuts» complex. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of blackflies was 3 times, midges ‒ 9, horseflies and mosquitoes ‒ 10. The main limiting factors for the mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters that cause insect death at the pre-imaginal stages of development, as well as huge temperature swings in spring and summer and small areas of breeding grounds.

scholarly journals Adaptability of Different Sunflower Hybrids to the Conditions of Insufficient Moisturening

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Rate Of Response

Expansion of variety and sustainable production of quality oilseed crops both in the world on the whole and in Ukraine in particular, is actual. The main factors of this are: the urgent need for raw materials, changes in weather and climatic conditions, changes in the structure of phytocenoses, development and spread of specific diseases and pests, and adaptive ability of species and varieties, etc. This problem is especially crucial when cultivating crops under stressful conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. In the cultivation of sunflower varieties and hybrids of modern plant breeding, we observe a pronounced reaction to changes in agricultural meteorological conditions of their cultivation. Our research was carried out for three years (2017-2019) in the Southern Steppe region of Ukraine, which has low rainfall. The methods of the analysis were field and mathematicalstatistical methods. We evaluated the levels of environmental plasticity in 23 sunflower hybrids. We used the Eberhard and Russel method (the plasticity and stability analysis) to fully evaluate new hybrids with regard to their adaptability to growing conditions and investigate the appropriate rate of response of genotypes to the growing technology. We have found that under the conditions of the Dry Steppe zone of Ukraine sunflower embodies its genetic potential by 45%. Based on the experimental data, we conducted the regression analysis resulting in a linear regression model that indicates the dependence of sunflower yield on agricultural meteorological indicators. The hydrothermal coefficient in 2017 was 0.75. Despite this, the sunflower plants formed the highest yield that year due to the sufficient minimum relative humidity of the air during flowering (BBCH 61-65) was 54.7%. Creating genotype shave an average value of plasticity of the yield (ranging from 0.83 to 1.19), namely: EU Arcadia SU, EU Genesis, NS-X-496, EU Generalis SL, EU Loris KLP, SI Bacardi KLP, SI Arizona. Hybrids of different intensity levels, that are genetically and biologically diverse, can be cultivated efficiently in different agricultural ecological growing zones.

scholarly journals The number of insects of midges complex and ratio of its various components in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Khlyzova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Preimaginal Stages

The purpose of the research is comparing abundance levels of blood-sucking dipterans in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region for 8 years with different meteorological conditions.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2006 and 2013–2019 in vicinity of the villages of Isetskoe and Barkhatovo, Isetsky District, Tyumen Region. Tabanid flies were collected and counted using funnel-shaped traps permanently on the same pasture on a regular basis once every 5–7 days during the entire emergence period. When counting the number of mosquitoes, midges and sandflies, we used a net with removable bags. Each count included 10 sweeps with a motion of the figure eight "around itself" in 10 replications.Results and discussion. The abundance of blood-sucking dipterans is largely determined by natural and climatic conditions and a hydrological regime of rivers, and is liable to significant fluctuations. The maximum abundance of gnats was recorded in 2014, the minimum in 2006. In comparing the average number for seasons with maximum and minimum abundance, a difference of 3.7 times was found. The abundance level and ratio of individual components of the midges complex depending on the season also underwent significant changes. In collected insects, midges dominated in 2006 and 2014, and mosquitoes in 2013 and in 2015–2019. Meteorological and hydrological conditions in winter and spring had the biggest impact on the abundance level of insects of the midges complex. Fluctuations in the abundance were 9 times for mosquitoes, 20 times for tabanid flies, and 39 times for midges and sandflies depending on the season. The main limiting factors for mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters which cause death of some insects at the preimaginal stages in development, as well as sharp changes in air temperature in the spring-summer period and small areas of breeding places.

Possibilities of correction of menopausal disorders in women with the use of medicine Menopace

2016 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
G.I. Reznichenko ◽  
◽  
N.Yu. Reznichenko ◽  
V.Yu. Potebnya ◽  
K.I. Kovalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Climacteric Syndrome ◽  
Basic Subgroup ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Surgical Menopause ◽  
Observation Period

The objective: to determine the efficacy of medicine «Menopace» in treatment of women with natural and surgical menopause. Patients and methods. 20 women (I group) with a natural menopause were examined (basic subgroup consisted of 10 patients who used Menopace for 3 months; control subgroup consisted of 10 patients). 20 women (II group) with surgical menopause were examined (basic subgroup consisted of 10 patients who received Menopace for 3 months; control subgroup consisted of 10 patients). Results. The average score of neurovegetative and emotional manifestations of climacteric syndrome during the observation period decreased in women with natural and surgical menopause who used Menopace, compared with subgroups of patients who had not used the medicine. Conclusions. 1. The use of the medicine Menopace in women with natural menopause after 3 months showed the disappearance of clinical symptoms of climacteric syndrome in 70% of the cases, and significant improvement in general condition in 30% of cases. 2. During surgical menopause after 1 month of treatment with Menopace manifestations of sweating were observed 4.5 times less often than in control group, tides were observed 7 times less often than in control group. Neurovegetative and psychoemotional symptoms of menopause were absent in 80% of women after 3 months of treatment and in 20% of cases significant improvement was shown. 3. The obtained results give grounds to recommend wide use of Menopace in practical work for the treatment of menopausal syndrome during natural and surgical menopause. Key words: menopause, therapy, Menopace.

Relevance of enrichment of landscaping plantings with lianas in the conditions of urban ecosystems of the Saratov region

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Saratov Region

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.

Yield and seed productivity of pear rootstock forms in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
A. I. Lokhova ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. M. Rusanov ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
State University ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Typical Soil

The article presents the results of studying the diversity of pear rootstock forms in terms of yield and seed productivity. The research was carried out at the experimental sites of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of AllRussian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery and the Botanical Garden of the Orenburg State University in 2017-2019, in typical soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg city. The purpose of the study is to identify pear rootstock forms characterized by high yield and stable seed productivity for use in the future as a seed rootstock. During the research, 15 pear accessions were studied; the planting scheme was 6x4 m. As a result of research, it was found that the rootstock form Temno-zelenaya is characterized by a high yield (40 kg/tree). High seed productivity of more than 6 seeds in one fruit was observed in samples: Vernaya (6.0-6.5 pcs.), SK-1, SK-3 (6.1-7.8 pcs.), SK-2 (7.0-7.5 pcs.), Chang Bai Li (7.4-7.7 pcs.), Semennaya 214 (7.5-7.8 pcs.). It was revealed that the Xiao he Bai Li variety is characterized by the maximum weight of 1000 seeds (65.2 g). Analysis of accessions by seed yield established that a consistently high yield is observed in the varieties Chang Bai Li (2.5-4.2 %), Vernaya (3.96-4.18 %) and forms SK-1 (2.0-3.25%), SK-2 (2.25-2.75 %), SK-3 (1.43-4.0 %). Pear rootstock forms Chang Bai Li, Vernaya, Semennaya 214, SK-1, SK-2, SK-3 were identifi ed, which can be recommended for production testing as seed pear rootstocks for the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

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