scholarly journals Clinical-psychopathological structure of hallucinatory-paranoid disorders during vascular dementia of moderate degrees of severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2 (99)) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Shevchenko-Bitensky

41 patients with vascular dementia in the medium stage of development with mixed cortical and subcortical dysfunction with hallucinatory-paranoid symptoms (main group) were examined. The control group consisted of 34 patients with vascular dementia in the medium stage of development without hallucinatoryparanoid disorders. The patterns of clinical and psychopathological manifestations of hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in patients with vascular dementia in the medium stage of development were established, which can be considered as diagnostic criteria for assessing the clinical and psychopathological structure of hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in this pathology. Keywords: dementia, hallucinatoryparanoid symptoms, clinical and psychopathological manifestations

Author(s):  
M. A. Luchynskyi ◽  
Y. V. Boliuk ◽  
V. M. Luchynskyi

At the present stage of development of dentistry, the leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists devote a considerable part of the research to a deeper study of the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of periodontal tissue diseases and the influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors on their course.The aim of the study – to learn the ability and methods of forecasting and early diagnosis of the periodontal tissue lesions in young people. Materials and Methods. During our research we examined 24 young people with periodontal tissue diseases, who were included to the main group, and 15 healthy people, who formed the control group. The complex clinical examination was performed in each research group. It was studied the distribution of polymorphous variants of the type I parathormone receptor and the α1-chain of collagen gene with a help of polymerase chain reaction by restrictase cleavage of DNA fragments and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (AA/BA 29:1). Results and Discussion. The distribution of genotypes by PTHR1 gene in control group was similar to those in main group (p>0.05). Also we didn’t find the difference between frequencies of the separate alleles in people with periodontal tissue pathology and without it (p>0.05). Yes, the repetitions of the allele 5 encoding normal type I parathormone receptor were found more often, comparing with the allele 6 that is responsible for the formation of unfunctional PTHR1 (р<0.001) in both main and control groups. The dominance of the genotype TT, which corresponds to the pathology, was found in young people with the periodontal tissue lesions – (38.46 ± 4.79) %, while among the control group the genotype of norm GG was met the most often – (68.24±5.08) %. Also, the frequency of repetitions of the allele T encoding the imperfect collagen chain was (57.60±3.79) % in young people with periodontal diseases, and in the control group this figure was (13.27±2.81) %, p<0.001.  Conclusions. According to our results the presence of allele T and genotype TT that correspond the imperfect collagen chain may be one of the causes of periodontal tissue pathology.


Author(s):  
I.S. Lisetska ◽  

Today, the most pressing issue in the social program of society is the state of health care of the younger generation, which outlines the future prospects for the development of the nation. Numerous studies by foreign and domestic researchers show that among the dental pathology of periodontal tissue among children in our country remain at a high level, despite the developed treatment regimens. It is known that gingivitis in childhood is often not diagnosed at an early stage of development, due to the absence or mild complaints and signs of the disease, which can lead to chronicity and transition from inflammatory to inflammatory-destructive In recent years in medicine for early diagnosis and prognosis simple, atraumatic, informative methods are used more often, which do not require expensive special equipment and at the same time are sensitive indicators for various diseases. In this regard, the study of the properties of oral fluid remains relevant. Purpose — to study the properties of oral fluid in adolescents with catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis. Materials and methods. The properties of oral fluid (salivation rate, pH, and microcrystallization) were studied in 173 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, which was divided into three groups: 86 adolescents with catarrhal gingivitis on the background of chronic gastroduodenitis were included in the main group, and 57 adolescents in the comparison group, gingivitis without somatic pathology and in the control group — 30 adolescents with healthy periodontal disease without somatic diseases. Results. The dependence of oral fluid properties in adolescents on the presence of inflammatory process in the gums and somatic disease was determined, namely in the adolescents of the main group the rate of salivation was 0.27±0.02 ml/min, in the adolescents of the comparison group 0.37±0.03 ml/min (p<0.01) — and in adolescents of the control group 0.49±0.01 ml/min (p<0.001). Determination of the pH of the oral fluid showed that the adolescents of the pH control group averaged 7.15±0.03, then the adolescents of the comparison group and the main group 1.1 times less, respectively 6.48±0.02 and 6.29±0.04 (p<0.001). Conclusions. Тhe study of oral fluid indicates a dependence of the indicators of the overall condition of the body, and dental status. In addition, indicators of oral fluid can serve as a prognostic test assessment of the mouth and course of somatic diseases, the effectiveness of treatment and to justify the prevention of catarrhal gingivitis in adolescents. In the main group revealed predominantly II and III type of microcrystallization in the comparison group — II type, much less individuals with type III and an increase in persons with І аnd II type in the control group, we identified all three types of microcrystallization, and was dominated by type II and greatly increased the number of persons with type І and decreased type III. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: oral fluid, the speed of salivation, pH, microcrystallization, teenagers, catarrhal gingivitis, chronic gastroduodenitis.


Author(s):  
Nataliya Maruta ◽  
Iryna Mudrenko ◽  
Galyna Kalenska ◽  
Mykhailo Denysenko

203 patients were examined, including 75 with dementia at Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 73 with vascular dementia (VD) and 60 patients with mixed dementia (MD). Patients were divided into main and control group by the factor of presence/absence of signs of suicidal behavior (intentions, attempts, thoughts, anti-vital mood, statements). Among patients with AD, 36 patients were the main group, 39 were the control group; at VD 39 patients were main group, 34 were control group; in mixed dementia, 30 patients were included in the main group, 30 patients were in the control group. It has been found that in 56 % of cases with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, in 65 % with vascular dementia and 56 % with mixed dementia of the clinical picture, suicidal behavior (SB) is observed. The complex of factors of SB risk/anti- risk and suicide-genesis mechanisms in dementia, that became the targets for development of differentiated program for medical and psychological rehabilitation and prevention (MPRP) patients with SB in dementia were distinguished. The suicide-genesis concept in dementia which determines the mechanisms of the formation of suicidal behavior under the influence of clinical and intra-personal indexes, was worked out. Accounting the formation mechanisms and SB predictors, special features of clinical and psychopathological, clinical and phenomenological SB demonstration in various types of dementia the complex and differentiated MPRP program and SB prevention, realized on the basis of complex approach including usage of psychopharmacological, psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational psychosocial actions was worked out and tested. The result of the developed system testing proved its high efficiency, which is supported by the positive dynamics of clinical and psychopathological indexes of suicide status and level of independence in the everyday life of patients with SB in dementia.


The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical and psychopathological features of hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in severe vascular dementia. The clinical and psychopathological structure of hallucinatory and paranoid disorders in patients with severe vascular dementia was studied in a group of 34 patients with mixed cortical-subcortical dysfunction with hallucinatory-paranoid symptoms — F01.3 (1-2), which consisted the main group. As a control group, the study involved 29 patients with severe vascular dementia (F01.3), without by hallucinatory-paranoid disorders. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, a set of research methods was used, including the clinical and psychopathological method, supplemented by the Behavioral Disorders Scale (Bahav-AD), neuropsychiatric questionnaire (NPI), non-cognitive sections of the AD assessment scale (ADAS-Non Cog) and methods of statistical data processing. According to the results of the study, the following symptoms were revealed in the structure of hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in patients with severe vascular dementia: the prevalence of hallucinatory disorders over paranoid and paranoid disorders; the dominance in disorders of perception of frequent visual, auditory and tactile hallucinations of moderate severity; the prevalence of delusional beliefs that “the house is not his house” and the spouse/caretaker is impostors; the predominance of non-deployed, unsystematized and sketchy crazy ideas, that do not tend to expand; a combination of hallucinatory and paranoid disorders with frequent aimless activity of moderately strong severity; frequent generalized anxiety of moderate to severe severity; frequent sleep/wake rhythm disturbances of moderate severity; periodic moderate swagger; pronounced distractibility. The data obtained should be taken into account when conducting differential diagnosis of patients with hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in severe vascular dementia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
K. Shevchenko-Bitensky

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH MIXED DEMENTIA COMPLICATED BY HALLUCINATORY-PARANOID DISORDERS Shevchenko-Bitensky K. The study involved 72 patients with mixed dementia complicated by hallucinatory-paranoid disorders (main group) and 61 patients with mixed dementia not complicated by psychotic disorders (control group). It was established and proved that patients with mixed dementia complicated by psychotic disorders were characterized by more expressed cognitive impairments, which were manifested in impairments of praxis, gnosis, memory, skills of counting, attention process, thinking and orientation. Keywords: mixed dementia, diagnosis, hallucinatory-paranoid disorders, cognitive dysfunctions.     Анотація. ДІАГНОСТИЧНІ КРИТЕРІЇ КОГНІТИВНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ЗМІШАНОЮ ДЕМЕНЦІЄЮ, УСКЛАДНЕННОЮ ГАЛЮЦИНАТОРНО-ПАРАНОЇДНИМИ РОЗЛАДАМИ Шевченко-Бітенський К. У дослідженні прийняло участь 72 пацієнтів зі змішаною деменцією, ускладненою галюцинаторно-параноїдними розладами (основна група) та 61 пацієнт зі змішаною деменцією, не ускладненою психотичними розладами (контрольна група). Встановлено та доведено, що пацієнти зі змішаною деменцією, ускладнених психотичними розладами, характеризувались більш вираженими когнітивними порушеннями, що проявлялось в порушеннях праксису, гнозису, пам’яті, навичок рахування, процесу уваги, мислення та орієнтації. Ключові слова: змішана деменція, діагностика, галюцинаторно-параноїдні розлади, когнітивні дисфункції   Аннотация. ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ КРИТЕРИИ КОГНИТИВНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ СО СМЕШАННОЙ ДЕМЕНЦИЕЙ, ОСЛОЖНЕННОЙ ГАЛЛЮЦИНАТОРНО-ПАРАНОИДНЫМИ РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ Шевченко-Битенський К. В исследовании приняло участие 72 пациентов со смешанной деменцией, осложненной галлюцинаторно-параноидными расстройствами (основная группа) и 61 пациент со смешанной деменцией, не осложненной психотическими расстройствами (контрольная группа). Установлено и доказано, что пациенты со смешанной деменцией, осложненной психотическими расстройствами, характеризовались более выраженными когнитивными нарушениями, проявляющимися в нарушениях праксиса, гнозиса, памяти, навыков счета, процесса внимания, мышления и ориентации. Ключевые слова: смешанная деменция, диагностика, галлюцинаторно-параноидные расстройства, когнитивные дисфункции


Author(s):  
E. N. Simakova ◽  
O. V. Stenkova

Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the most significant eye diseases. It is often diagnosed, not always amenable to therapy, and can lead to a complete loss of visual functions. In recent years, the method of osteopathic correction has become widespread as one of the effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pathologies of various body systems. In the pathogenesis of glaucoma, it is customary to distinguish a dystrophic concept, which considers primary open-angle glaucoma as a result of dystrophic changes in the connective tissue, as well as in the endothelial lining of the trabeculae and Schlemm′s canal, especially destructive changes in mitochondria and the alteration of their functional activity. A vascular concept is also distinguished. According to this concept, the central link in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is circulatory disorder in the ciliary vessels, ocular artery, and major vessels of the head and neck, it can be assumed that osteopathic correction in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma will be pathogenetically substantiated and will have a positive effect on intraocular pressure and trophicity of the optic nerve. The goal of research — to study the influence of in osteopathic correction on the nature of unoperated glaucoma (stage IIA) and to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with this pathology.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled randomized study was conducted at 52 city polyclinics, branch 3, Moscow, from January 2018 to January 2019. 40 patients (70 eyes) aged 50 to 75 years with primary open-angle glaucoma IIA stage were examined. At this stage of the disease, patients most often seek medical care and the issue of conservative management is primarily considered. All patients were divided into two groups of 20 people: the main group and the control group. The treatment in the main group included hypotensive drug therapy and osteopathic correction. Patients of the control group received only drug therapy. All patients underwent ophthalmic (visometry, tonometry, perimetry) and osteopathic examination twice: before the treatment and after 3 months.Results. For patients with primary open-angle IIA non-operated glaucoma, regional (most often regions of the head, neck, dura mater) and local (abdominal diaphragm, iliac bones, hip and knee joints) somatic dysfunctions were the most typical. In the main group a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and severity of dysfunctions at all levels was stated. Also, in patients receiving osteopathic correction, a significant decrease in the level of intraocular pressure and perimetric indices was noted. In patients of the control group, no reliable changes in these indicators were obtained.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that osteopathic correction is clinically effective in the complex treatment of patients with primary open-angle II A glaucoma.


2020 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Saraeva ◽  
N. V. Spiridonova ◽  
M. T. Tugushev ◽  
O. V. Shurygina ◽  
A. I. Sinitsyna

In order to increase the pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology, the selection of one embryo with the highest implantation potential it is very important. Time-lapse microscopy (TLM) is a tool for selecting quality embryos for transfer. This study aimed to assess the benefits of single-embryo transfer of autologous oocytes performed on day 5 of embryo incubation in a TLM-equipped system in IVF and ICSI programs. Single-embryo transfer following incubation in a TLM-equipped incubator was performed in 282 patients, who formed the main group; the control group consisted of 461 patients undergoing single-embryo transfer following a traditional culture and embryo selection procedure. We assessed the quality of transferred embryos, the rates of clinical pregnancy and delivery. The groups did not differ in the ratio of IVF and ICSI cycles, average age, and infertility factor. The proportion of excellent quality embryos for transfer was 77.0% in the main group and 65.1% in the control group (p = 0.001). In the subgroup with receiving eight and less oocytes we noted the tendency of receiving more quality embryos in the main group (р = 0.052). In the subgroup of nine and more oocytes the quality of the transferred embryos did not differ between two groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.2% in the main group and 52.9% in the control group (p = 0.057). The delivery rate was 45.0% in the main group and 39.9% in the control group (p > 0.050).


2017 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
O.I. Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
V.P. Kvashenko ◽  
I.K. Akimova ◽  
I.N. Nosova ◽  
...  

The objective: the study of immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic, which contains lyophilized Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) – 13 mg (2,0ґ109 CFU) and lyophilized bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis) – 4 mg (2,0ґ109 CFU) the level of serum immunoglobulin IgA as a marker of local immunity in the plasma of women of reproductive age with the violation of the biocenosis of the vagina. Patients and methods. The study involved 86 patients of reproductive age with the violation of the vaginal biocenosis, which were divided into two groups according to received treatment. A survey was conducted for all patients in both groups: determine the level of serum IgA, measuring pH of vaginal environment and the quantification of lactobacilli and pathogenic flora with the help of test-system «Florotsenoz» before treatment and in 6 weeks after treatment. The state of vaginal microbiocenosis in both groups before treatment was homogeneous. Patients in both groups as therapy at the first stage of treatment received, if necessary antimicrobial therapy depending on the selected flora. In the second stage (restoration of microflora) patient of the main group received systemic probiotic combined with a complex prebiotic local action, patients in the control group, the probiotic localy in the form of the vaginal candles or tablets. Results. The research stated the increasing level of serum IgA in blood plasma of patients of the main group compared to control group at 20%, normalizing the pH of the vaginal environment in the main group in 94% of cases, which indicates an increase of immunity in mucosal. Conclusion. The inclusion of the systemic probiotic in the scheme of treatment of disorders of biocenosis of the vagina system enhances the increasing of immunity of the mucous membranes, and the vaginal tablets prebiotic of local action restores the own normal microflora of the vagina. Key words: serum immunoglobulin A, local immunity, vaginal dysbiosis, probiotics, prebiotics, vaginal microbiocenosis, the pH of the vaginal environment.


2017 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
O.V. Grishchenko ◽  
◽  
V.V. Bobrytska ◽  

The objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Enoxaparin-Pharmex for the prevention of thrombotic complications (pulmonary embolism) in the postoperative period in patients with moderate risk of these complications. Patients and methods. The study included 50 women after a caesarean section had an average degree of risk of pulmonary embolism. Patients were divided into the main group (n=25) and control group (n=25) in accordance with the treatment: patients of the main group received postoperative Еnoxaparin- Pharmex, group comparisons enoxaparin sodium (brand foreign manufacturer’s). Patients in both groups received the drug at a dose of 20 mg for 5 days, 1 time per day subcutaneously. Results. The research data analysis showed identity results of hemostasiogram of patients in the main group and the comparison group, no side effects after treatment in both groups. Conclusion. The clinical studies suggest the drug Enoxaparin-Pharmex is effective, safe LMWH, which can be used to prevent troboembolic complications, including post-operative treatment in obstetric practice. Spectrum of Enoxaparin-Pharmex can be extended to the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic conditions of varying severity with appropriate doses of the drug. Key words: Enoxaparin-Pharmex, prevention of pulmonary embolism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Sergej V. Ivanov ◽  
Ilya S. Ivanov ◽  
Evgenij G. Obyedkov ◽  
Liliya P. Popova

Aim. To study the influence of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves on the type of exudative discharge and dynamics of inflammatory reaction after hernia repair with plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with hernioendoprosthesis of polypropylene. Materials and Methods. The study involved 59 patients being on stationary treatment in the surgical department of Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. Patients were hospitalized for the herniation of small or medium dimension. The patients were divided to two groups: the main (n=30) and control (n=29) groups. After endoprosthetics, the patients of the control group were given complex conservative treatment. The patients of the main group, besides standard treatment, were administered deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves intravenously in drips 10 ml + 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution within 7 days. For cytological examination and determination of the type of cytograms, the traumatic discharge was collected and analyzed using the method of M.F. Kamaev and M.A. Palthsev. Results. Cytomorphometric examination was conducted on the third, fifth and seventh day after endoprosthetics with the aim of studying dynamic changes. Determination of cell composition and also of its changes characteristic of each studied period, was necessary for obtaining further information characterizing inflammatory process in the region of placement of the endoprosthesis. After endoprosthetics in patients who were administered hemodialysate, the inflammatory reaction was less pronounced than in patients who did not receive the preparation. This was associated with a more dynamic change of stages of the inflammatory process. In patients of the main group who received deproteinized dialysate, regenerative type of inflammation first appeared on the fifth day and made 6.9%; by the seventh day the share of patients with the regenerative type rose to 17.5%, while in the patients of the control group no regeneration stage was observed in both periods. Conclusion. Analysis of the efficiency of influence of hemodialysate on the inflammatory reaction in plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene endoprosthesis evidences faster course of all stages of inflammation and reduction of its intensity by 10%.


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