scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of different elicitors on occurrence of pest and diseases during chia (Salvia hispanica L.) cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Prasanna H. S. ◽  
B.N. Maruthi Prasad ◽  
Vishnuvardhana K. ◽  
T.H. Shankarappa ◽  
Jayashree Ugalat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Medicinal Crop ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Disease Attack

Chia is an important medicinal crop with lot of nutritional value in seeds and there is lot of demand to chia seeds grown without any chemical application. In this context, present study was concentrated on foliar application of different elicitors at 25 and 50 days after sowing as effective plant protectants by inducing plant defense response. Both black and white chia plants sprayed with chitosan at 200 ppm were un-affected by any pest and diseases. The plants sprayed with other elicitors like 100 ppm of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, potassium silicate, 200 ppm of boric acid, humic acid and 5000 ppm of dry yeast and PGPR are less prone to pest and disease attack. Whereas, the maximum pest infestation and disease incidence were noticed in plants sprayed with gibberellic acid (pest - 2.38 and 1.93%; disease - 0.89% in both) and in control (pest - 1.34 and 1.04%; disease - 1.34 and 0.74%) in black and white chia respectively.

scholarly journals Combined Influence of Chitosan and Calcium Chloride on Fusarium Dry Rot Disease Under Field Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Sabah R. Mohammed ◽  
Ivan D. Eskov ◽  
Elsayed M. Zeitar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Background: Fusarium dry rot disease caused by Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel (F. sambucinum) can infect the potato tubers in the field and during storage. Yield losses by F. sambucinum reach 60%. Traditional methods to control Fusarium dry rot are fungicides application, which led to developing many isolates resistant to these fungicides. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and chitosan, alone or in combination, on plant development, tuber yield, and Fusarium dry rot disease incidence under field conditions. Methods: Soil inoculated with F. sambucinum before planting. We treated the seed tubers with CaCl2 (0.5 or 1%), chitosan 0.5%, or both. The foliage was sprayed twice with CaCl2 (0.5 or 1%), 0.1% chitosan, or both. During the vegetation period, growth parameters, such as germination (%), plant height (cm), and branches number per plant, were measured. At harvest, we calculated the total and the marketable number of tubers and tuber yield. In addition, during storage, we assessed the incidence of Fusarium dry rot disease on tubers. Results: Results revealed that combined pre-planting application with 1% CaCl2 and 0.5% chitosan with 2 hours intervals, then spraying foliar with 1% CaCl2 and 0.1% chitosan twice with ten days intervals starting at 40 days after planting resulted in: a) increasing the germination, enhancing the growth parameters such as plant height and branches number per plant; b) enhancing the marketable tuber yield by 75.2 and 97.6% in Sante and Kolobok varieties, respectively; c) reducing Fusarium dry rot disease incidence by 61.9-72.7%. Conclusion: The work highlighted that the combined pre-planting and foliar application of CaCl2 and chitosan might be recommended for potato producers to reduce the incidence of Fusarium dry rot disease and augment yields.

scholarly journals Soil Amendment Using Biochar and Application of K-Humate Enhance the Growth, Productivity, and Nutritional Value of Onion (Allium cepa L.) under Deficit Irrigation Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2598
Author(s):  
Khaled G. Abdelrasheed ◽  
Yasser Mazrou ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Yasser Nehela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Water scarcity, due to physical shortage or inadequate access, is a major global challenge that severely affects agricultural productivity and sustainability. Deficit irrigation is a promising strategy to overcome water scarcity, particularly in arid and semiarid regions with limited freshwater resources. However, precise application of deficit irrigation requires a better understanding of the plant response to water/drought stress. In the current study, we investigated the potential impacts of biochar-based soil amendment and foliar potassium-humate application (separately or their combination) on the growth, productivity, and nutritional value of onion (Allium cepa L.) under deficient irrigation conditions in two separate field trials during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings showed that deficit irrigation negatively affected onion resilience to drought stress. However, these harmful effects were diminished after soil amendment using biochar, K-humate foliar application, or their combination. Briefly, integrated biochar and K-humate application increased onion growth, boosted the content of the photosynthetic pigments, enhanced the water relations, and increased the yield traits of deficient irrigation onion plants. Moreover, it improved the biochemical response, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and enriched the nutrient value of deficiently irrigated onion plants. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential utilization of biochar and K-humate as sustainable eco-friendly strategies to improve onion resilience to deficit irrigation.

scholarly journals Effect of rejuvenation pruning on the growth, productivity and disease incidence in declining trees of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kandhari Kabuli

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
D. P. Sharma ◽  
Niranjan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Disease Attack ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Pruning of fruit trees is an important aspect for the improvement of fruit quality and to minimize the pests and disease attack. Pruning was performed in the month of December in seven year old unpruned trees of Punica granatum cv. Knadhdri Kabuli having many interfering branching and a heavy infestation of bacterial blight orchard. The pruning treatments viz., T1: Retention of 15cm fruiting shoot length, T2: Retention of 30cm fruiting shoot length, T3: Retention of 45cm fruiting shoot length, T4: Retention of 60cm fruiting shoot length and T5: control (No heading back and no thinning) plant. The results of the present investigation revealed that among different pruning treatment, the best results in terms of shoot extension (56.34 cm), fruit size (Diameter 9.66 cm and Length 9.65 cm, fruit weight (278.50 g), marketable yield (10.25 kg) and fruit qualities were in fruits from T1 and T2 where retention of 15cm fruiting shoot length respectively and retention of 30cm fruiting shoot length were maintained. However, maximum fruit set (54.73%) was recorded in control, and it decreased with increasing pruning intensity. The pruning treatments also proved beneficial in controlling bacterial blight on fruit (12.86%) and leaf surface (26.60%) to some extent.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Bottle Gourd Accessions Differing in Fruit Size

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Zhang ◽  
Jie Tan ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Shuping Huang ◽  
Xia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Medicinal Crop ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

The bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an important horticultural and medicinal crop with high nutritional value. This study aimed at examining the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd. We performed transcriptome sequencing of two bottle gourd cultivars differing in their fruit size. The average fruit length and weight of the cultivar Hang (39.48 cm/624.4 g) were higher than those of the cultivar USA (10.34 cm/152.8 g) at maturity. Transcriptome sequencing and assembly resulted in 89,347 unigenes. A total of 1250 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between the two cultivars, including 422 upregulated genes and 828 downregulated genes in Hang as compared to USA. Genes related to cell wall metabolism, phytohormones, cell cycle, and cell division showed significant differential expression between the two cultivars. DEGs encoding transcription factors (TF) from nine TF families were also identified. The ethylene response factor family was the most enriched among these families. Our study provides a basis for further investigations of the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd.

Correlations between food intake in young bulls and production, fertility and health disorders in lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
R. Wassmuth ◽  
D. Boelling ◽  
J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Heritability Estimates

AbstractDisease incidence in dairy cattle is to be reduced for animal welfare and economical reasons. This should be achieved not only by improvement of management but preferably also by genetic means. This study looks at the possibility of decreasing disease incidence in first lactation cows by increasing food intake. The latter is not measured on the cows directly but on young bulls during their performance test. Data consisted of 2203 Danish Red, 4527 Danish Black and White and 1022 Danish Jersey potential AI-bulls and 56 494 Danish Red, 264107 Danish Black and White and 57 661 Danish Jersey first lactation cows. Measures of food intake were provided by two Danish performance test stations. Information on incidence of mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, sole ulcer and ketosis as well as calving interval and energy corrected milk yield of first lactation cows was based on data extracted from the national data base in Denmark. Genetic (co)variances were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates of disease incidence and calving interval were low, ranging from <0.01 to 0.13 depending on breed. Heritability estimates of energy corrected milk yield were in the range of 0.28 to 0.33. In all breeds, an unfavourable genetic relationship between milk yield and disease incidence was found, while genetic correlations between food intake and ketosis were favourable, ranging between -0.03 and -0.25. Fertility disorders had an inconsistent correlation with food intake traits across breeds. Food intake of bulls could be included in the selection process in order to avoid nutrition-related disorders like ketosis.

scholarly journals Пищевая ценность телятины как важнейший критерий оценки мясного сырья для детского питания

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-643
Author(s):  
T.L. Holubenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Balanced Diet

<p><span lang="EN-US">The aim of the research is to assess the amino acid composition of veal from different genotype bull-calves concerning the usage in baby food production. A comparative analysis of the essential amino acids content in meat of calves of <span>black-and-white motley breed,</span> Aberdeen Angus breed and black and white crossbreeds grown according to the traditional technology of dairy cattle breeding hasn’t showed any significant differences. However, some differences were observed for each separate amino acid. Although the difference in amino acids was 2. 9% in favor of <span>black-and-white motley breed</span>. According to the amino acid composition, the calves meat of Charolais breed is biologically more complete than the Aberdeen Angus calves meat of the first generation in the valine content by 7.4%, isoleucine by 45.3% (P &lt;0.001), leucine by 15.2% (P &lt;0.001), lysine by 7.8%, threonine and phenylalanine + tyrosine by 6.5% (P &lt;0.05) and 7.5% (P &lt;0.01), respectively. Amino acid content was limited by the sum of amino acids phenylalanine + tyrosine (80.2%) in purebreds and methionine + cystine (83.4%) in <span>crossbreeds</span>. The other amino acids content was more than 100%; it indicates a high biological and nutritional value of veal. In the first experiment, the degree of compliance with the norms of a balanced diet is 37.4-38.2%. The human body's need for such essential amino acids as valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine + tyrosine is satisfied for more than 20%; the human body's need for leucine, lysine, and threoni9ne is satisfied for more than 30%. Veal of the Charolaise young is distinguished by higher indicators. The degree of its compliance with the norms of a balanced diet is 43.8% against 37.6% in hybrid calves. It is proved that veal obtained from young animals of different breeds in ecologically clean zones has a high biological and nutritional value, it corresponds to the indices for meat raw materials for baby food in accordance with Sanitary Norms 11-63 RB98.</span></p>

scholarly journals Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Józef Jankowski ◽  
Mateusz Sokólski ◽  
Bogdan Dubis ◽  
Sławomir Krzebietke ◽  
Piotr Żarczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Fertilization Level

This paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment conducted on soil with moderate levels of boron (B) in north-eastern Poland to determine the influence of foliar application of B (0, 150 and 300 g ha-1) on the yield components, yield, mineral composition, nutritional value and feed value of winter oilseed rape seeds. Foliar application of B at the beginning of bud formation in winter oilseed rape increased seed yield by 0.19 (3%) at the lower B fertilization level to 0.26 Mg ha-1 (4%) at the higher B fertilization level. The observed increase in the yield of winter oilseed rape seeds in response to foliar application of B can be attributed to this micronutrient’s positive influence on seed production in siliques. Foliar fertilization with B increased B content and decreased Zn and Fe levels in the seeds of winter oilseed rape. When B fertilizer was applied at the rate of 150–300 g ha-1, the N and Ca content of the evaluated seeds increased. The fertilizer improved the nutritional value (crude fat content, fatty acid concentrations) of seeds, but deteriorated their feed value (total protein content, acid detergent fiber concentrations, neutral detergent fiber concentrations, quantitative and qualitative composition of glucosinolates).

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulant application and long-term storage on the nutritional value of carrot

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek ◽  
Jarosław Pobereżny ◽  
Maciej J Kazula
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Sugars

ABSTRACT The nutritional value of carrot is determined by the content of total sugars and monosaccharides, carotenoids and vitamins, including vitamin C, in its roots. In 2009-2011, field experiments were carried out concerning the effect of biostimulating preparations applied during the carrot vegetation period on selected nutrients of its roots (total sugars, monosaccharides, carotenoids and vitamin C). Two biostimulants were foliarly applied in doses of 2 or 3 L ha-1 on various dates. Kelpak SL and Asahi SL: one, two or three applications; where, second and third applied at 2-week interval, additionally Kelpak SL: one application at 4-leaf phase, followed by additional application after 4 weeks. The field study was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments of plant protection from diseases and pests complied with carrot requirements. The subject of the research was carrot of the Karotan cultivar. The content of selected components in carrot roots was determined directly after harvest and after six months of storage in the storage chamber with controlled temperature and relative air humidity. The foliar application of Kelpak SL in a single dose (2 L ha-1) at 4-leaf development phase resulted in the significant increase of total sugars, reducing sugars, total carotenoids and vitamin C. A six-month storage period resulted in a decrease of total sugars by 5% and ascorbic acid by 16.8% compared to nutritional values measured right after harvest.

scholarly journals An exploration of the effects of low-pressure plasma discharge on the physicochemical properties of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Upadhyay ◽  
Rohit Thirumdas ◽  
Rajendra R. Deshmukh ◽  
Uday Annapure ◽  
Nrusimha N. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

This work explores the preliminary feasibility of employing the low-pressure coldplasma technology for the modification of the properties of chia flour. Chia flour wasexposed to low pressure plasma in air for 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min, at two differentpower levels (40 W and 60 W). The oils extracted from untreated and treated chiaflour were exhaustively characterized for fatty acid composition, nutritional value,and rancidity indices using thermal calorimetric methods (DSC/TGA). The resultsindicated a significant change in the colour of flour with an increase in lightness.Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy indicated changes in the tocopherol groups ofthe oil extracted from plasma treated chia flour. However, the oil extracted fromplasma treated chia flour revealed a loss of conjugated dienes and formation oftrans-fatty acids as seen in conventional hydrogenation of edible oils. DSC and TGAresults revealed better oxidative stability of low-pressure plasma treated oils thancontrol, which was linked to a relative increase of MUFA in the former.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of black and white oat cultivars ensiled in two phenological stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1409-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Bitencourt de David ◽  
José Laerte Nörnberg ◽  
Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo ◽  
Gilmar Brüning ◽  
Julcemar Dias Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Oat Cultivars

It was evaluated in this work, crop yield, fermentative quality and nutritional value of the silage of cultivars of white (Avena Sativa L.) and black (Avena Strigosa Schreb) oats cut at two development stages. It was used an experimental randomized block design in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of four oat cultivars (two cultivars of black oats: Aveia Preta Comum and UTFP 971; and two cultivars of white oats: ER 91156- 1- 2- 1 and SI 98105- b), with four replicates. The cultivars were ensiled at flowering and dough grain stages. Oat cut at dough grain stage, especially genotypes from white oat, allows the obtainment of a more productive and qualitative silage. Cultivar, genotype, and maturation stage affect protein fractioning and oat silage carbohydrates.

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