Troubleshooting in beet sugar manufacture: an overview

2012 ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maarten de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Sugar Extraction

Though the need of troubleshooting seems to occur less frequent in today’s well controlled beet sugar factories, it shouldn’t forget that many process control parameters and set points are related to underlying chemical processes. A proper understanding and capture of the science behind the sugar manufacturing process is invaluable to secure and support both the current and future operations in the beet sugar factories. This paper presents an overview of the main troubleshooting parameters and further details about likely causes and possible control measures. Examples are given of typical sugar extraction issues throughout processing, the origin of juice color and ways to limit color formation, as well as of lime salts, their relation to juice alkalinity and how this alkalinity can be influenced in processing. For troubleshooting of these ‘sugar technology’ related processing problems it is usually sufficient to focus on the following control parameters: juice pH value and alkalinity, temperature and retention time. And then it is ‘just’ a matter of applying the science to the process!

Microbiological Counts during Beet Sugar Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBLES-GANCEDO ◽  
T. M. LÓPEZ-DÍAZ ◽  
A. OTERO
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Sugar Extraction ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Washing Water

In order to discover the main microbial populations present throughout the process of beet sugar extraction and to identify the steps where possible control measures could be implemented, four Spanish beet sugar extraction factories were investigated. Eighteen stages were sampled at each factory and analyzed for several microbial groups and physicochemical parameters. Beets, cossettes, and diffusion juices were the most contaminated samples during beet sugar extraction, and mesophiles, thermophiles, and yeasts were the most numerous microbiota. Differences in contamination among factories and among stages of the sugar extraction process were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Beets and cossettes showed high numbers of mesophiles and lactic acid bacteria, with gum-forming bacteria and yeasts being at levels of >6 log CFU/g. Diffusion juices were highly contaminated with aerobic mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria, and thermophiles. Beet-washing water, equipment, and air were also important sources of contamination; in contrast, diffusion water showed moderate levels of microorganisms due to the acid treatment performed. Gum-forming bacteria, which are present at high levels from the first step of the extraction, survive the diffusion process and remain in the diffusion juice, where they may produce “gums” responsible for obstruction of filters. Thermophiles were present, although at levels lower than expected in most samples. Other microbial groups, particularly yeasts, may also contribute to the destruction of sugar. No biocides were used during the beet sugar extraction in the factories investigated.

Studies on the storage stability of white beet sugar depending on its quality

2018 ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
Philipp Bruhns ◽  
Timo Koch ◽  
Lothar Kroh
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
White Sugar

Storage stability of white beet sugar is an important factor determining the sugar quality. Due to color formation during storage the sugar color can exceed the quality criteria of the European council directive 2001/111/EC for white sugar. It is not possible to predict the color formation tendency of a white sugar lot at the time of its production. Also the source and the mechanism of color formation during storage are unknown. Color formation in general can be caused by several factors, which can be divided into external influences such as humidity and temperature during storage and internal causes such as contents of ash, polyphenols, mono- and oligosaccharides, and amino compounds. In this work, the effect of the above mentioned factors and the nature of the formed colorants were analyzed. Studies on the color distribution in sugar crystals were carried out and the nonsucrose compounds in the surface film were determined. The syrup film on the crystal surface contains the same compounds and in similar contents as thick juice. A correlation between the changes in the amino acid and monosaccharide content and the color formation was established, which shows that the Maillard reaction is responsible for the color development during storage of sugar.

Comparison and Association of Neck Extensor Muscles’ Endurance and Postural Function in Subjects with and without Chronic Neck Pain – A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Kandakurti ◽  
Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽  
Venkata Nagaraj Kakarparthy ◽  
Kanagaraj Rengaramanujam ◽  
Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Velocity Moment

Abstract Purpose Neck extensor endurance (NEE) and position sense are vital for maintaining cervical spine function and defects in these processes may be associated with impaired postural control in chronic neck pain (CNP) subjects. The study’s objectives are 1) to compare the cervical extensor endurance capability and postural control of CNP subjects with those of asymptomatic controls; 2) to investigate the association between NEE and postural control. Materials and Methods Sixty-four participants (38 asymptomatic, 38 with CNP) participated in this cross-sectional study. NEE was assessed using a clinical extensor endurance test. Under open and closed eyes conditions, postural control measures were tested with the Good Balance system. The postural control parameters were AP-velocity (mm/s), ML-velocity (mm/s) and Velocity moment (mm2). NEE capacity and postural control parameters were compared and correlated between asymptomatic and CNP subjects. Results and Discussion CNP subjects showed lower NEE capacity (p<0.001) and significantly larger AP-velocity (p<0.001), ML-velocity (p<0.001) and Velocity moment (p<0.001) than asymptomatic participants. NEE negatively correlated with AP-velocity (r=−0.51, p=0.001), ML-velocity (r=0.46, p=0.003) and velocity moment (r=0.38, p=0.020) in asymptomatic subjects in eyes open condition and no correlations in subjects with CNP. CNP subjects showed increased postural sway velocities and lowered extensor endurance capacity compared to asymptomatic participants. No correlations existed between NEE and postural control parameters in CNP subjects.

scholarly journals Systematic Evaluation of Arduino Open Source for Automation and Control of Chemical Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2258-2271
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
And Control

Inceptions for chemical process automation are presented in this study. A chemical process demonstrated by neutralization reaction was designed, built, and tested experimentally towards evaluating automation and control algorithms through the Arduino Mega platform. The main objective parameter in this work was selected to be the product pH value, which was evaluated based on several scenarios that targeted various changes in direct and indirect effects. Two main branched ideas were investigated in this study; the first was dealt with the application of Arduino board in the automation of chemical process; the second was dedicated to studying integration of Arduino board in controlling the targeted pH parameter in the product side. Upon examining different automation scenarios, an algorithm was developed to approach the product quality of specific pH and temperature efficiently. The automation algorithm was further developed by integrating the process dynamics and control concepts towards speeding up the pH set point's reach. To make this happen, the pump's speed was corrected and tuned based on the feedback signal from the pH sensor. Consequently, the setpoint was reached in shorter periods, attaining considerable savings in time (≈ 35%). Based on the study outcomes, it is believed that Arduino open source is a challenging and promising low-cost platform, proved useful for mimicking control and automation of chemical processes.

The Influence Factors in Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 2084-2087
Author(s):  
Ming Fen Niu ◽  
Si Li ◽  
Hong Jing Jiao ◽  
Jian Wei ◽  
Yuan Yang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal

Denitrifying phosphorus removal can be achieved with the same matrix simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal，is a hot topic of abroad study biological wastewater treatment，This is discussed the Influence factors of anoxic tank NO3- load, dissolved oxygen and the volume ratio of aerobic tank and anoxic tank, pH value of wastewater, sludge retention time (SRT), hydraulic retention time (HRT), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and temperature on denitrifying phosphorus removal, for denitrifying phosphorus removal process simulation, experimental research and practical application provides a reference and basis.

scholarly journals Estimation of Machining Sustainability Using Fuzzy Rule-Based System

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5473
Author(s):  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Guolong Zhao ◽  
Quentin Cheok ◽  
Ning He
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Approximate Reasoning ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Process Work

Quantification of a highly qualitative term ‘sustainability’, especially from the perspective of manufacturing, is a contemporary issue. An inference mechanism, based on approximate reasoning, is required to tackle the complexities and uncertainties of the manufacturing domain. The work presents development of a fuzzy rule-based system to quantify sustainability of the most widely utilized manufacturing process: machining. The system incorporates the effects of key control parameters of machining on several sustainability measures, as reported in the literature. The measures are categorized under the three dimensions of sustainability and contribute to the sustainability scores of the respective dimensions with different weightages. The dimensions’ scores are added up in different proportions to obtain the holistic sustainability score of the process. The categories of the control parameters incorporated into the system include type of the process, work material, material hardness, tool substrate and coating, tool geometry, cutting fluids, and cutting parameters. The proposed method yields sustainability scores, ranging between 0 and 100 of machining processes against the given values of their prominent control parameters. Finally, the rule-based system is applied to three different machining processes to obtain the measures of their accomplishment levels regarding economic, environmental, and societal dimensions of sustainability. The sustainability score of each process is then obtained by summing up the three accomplishment levels under the respective weightages of the dimensions. The presented approach holds immense potentials of industrial application as it can conveniently indicate the current sustainability level of a manufacturing process, leading the practitioners to decide on its continuation or improvement.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL NOISE MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIJA HADŽI-NIKOLOVA ◽  
DEJAN MIRAKOVSKI ◽  
NIKOLINKA DONEVA ◽  
NATAŠA BAKRESKA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

The main environmental issues associated with cement production are the consumption of raw materials, energy use and emissions in the air. Noise emissions occur throughout the whole cement manufacturing process - from preparing and processing raw materials, from the clinker burning and cement production process, from material storage as well as from the dispatch and shipping of the final products. The heavy machinery and large fans used in the cement manufacturing process can give rise to noise emissions. Cement Plants are required to comply with standards for reduction in line with national legislation, and to conduct measurements and perform noise surveys. Having this in mind, A TITAN Group Usje Cement Plant in Skopje, following their strong commitment to high environmental performance and Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Policy in 2013-2014 have engaged an AMBICON Lab (Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences) from Stip, to conduct a Noise Control Study in order to identify noise sources within cement plant and marl quarry, determine their impacts on nearby residents and develop noise control/protection strategies. During the past three years, the Usje Cement plant has implemented most of the noise control measures proposed in this Study. Also, a follow-up study during 2016-2017 was conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of measures taken. This paper presents the outcomes of noise reduction measures taken. Keywords: noise, cement industry, process management, measures, environment

scholarly journals Investigation on mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of community waste and cow dung: effect of operating parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
KO Ansah Amano ◽  
E Appiah-Danquah ◽  
E Adom ◽  
AG Ntiri-Asiedu ◽  
ES Amoamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Ph Range

Management of waste is a key concern in several communities in Ghana. The exponential growth in waste generation imposes serious threats such as environmental pollution, health risk and scarcity of dumping site to our society. A large variety of organic rich materials inherent in this waste have high potential to be treated by the use of anaerobic digestion. In this study, eight (8) Laboratory scale biodigesters were used for the anaerobic co-digestion of household and market waste with cow dung as inoculum, controlled at a pH range of 6.53-7.04 and at a mesophilic temperature of 35±2˚C. The study was also conducted in batch mode at a hydraulic retention time of 21 days. The anaerobic co-digestion process was developed and optimized at varying feedstock to inoculum ratio to determine the potential biogas yield from each proportion. The results obtained indicate sample S8, containing market waste and inoculum in the ratio of 6:1 produced the optimum concentration of methane (51% v/v biogas) while the least was recorded by sample S2 primarily made up of market waste. ANOVA results show that the concentration of methane produced from the substrate is significantly affected by the hydraulic retention time and pH value of the anaerobic digestion process.

scholarly journals Analysis on Change of Precipitation pH and Chemical Characteristics of Acid Rain in Liaoning Province (2007�2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-505
Author(s):  
Zhou De-Ping ◽  
Wang Yan ◽  
Xie Yan-Bin ◽  
Wang Xiao-Ying ◽  
Wang Yang-Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Rain Area ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
Precipitation Ph

Acid rain, as one of the outputs of toxic and harmful chemicals from factories, is a serious environmental problem, especially in China, which has harmful ecological consequences and has a direct impact on vegetation and human health. Based on the data of acid rain observation station of Liaoning Meteorological Bureau from 2007 to 2018, the variation of precipitation pH and the distribution of acid rain in Liaoning Province in the past 12 years were analyzed. The result shows: First, the average pH value of annual precipitation in Liaoning Province is 5.55, which belongs to weak acid rain area. The frequency of acid rain is 12.56%, and the ratio of acid rain to total precipitation is 15.48%. More than 1/5 of the stations are located in the acid rain prone area, among which Dalian and Dandong are seriously polluted, being close to the grade of acid rain frequent area. Second, from 2007 to 2018, the precipitation pH in Liaoning Province fluctuated and increased year by year, with an average annual increase of 0.077 pH, and the pollution of acid rain decreased year by year; especially after 2014, Liaoning Province has exited from weak acid rain area, with its precipitation pH tending to be neutral year by year. Third, acid rain pollution in Liaoning Province is most serious in winter, followed by autumn and summer; in the first six years (2007-2012), the pollution in February was the most serious, and in the last six years (2013-2018), the pollution in December was the most serious, which was significantly worse than the previous six years. Fourth, more efforts have been made to control air pollution in all parts of the country, and the annual decrease in acid precursor emissions is the fundamental reason for the variation of precipitation pH and the improvement of acid rain pollution in Liaoning Province, while the precipitation pH and acid rain distribution in Liaoning Province are sensitive to the relevant environmental control measures taken by the state in recent years. However, the change of acid rain pollution reminds us to attach great importance to new pollution components and causes.

Controlling evaporation in a sugar factory – prevention of color formation

2013 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bruhns ◽  
Wolfgang Klosterhalfen
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Processing Steps

The formation of color during evaporation is influenced by the operation of juice purification, by the laws of physics and chemistry, the design and layout and by the operation of the evaporator station. The influence of the residence time, the residence time distribution, pH value and the temperatures is shown. In a short overview the influence of the juice constituents are explained. Some positive and negative experiences from the operation of the evaporator station are reported and their influence on the formation of color is discussed. By using a short checklist for troubleshooting in the case of color formation during evaporation examples of good practice during the beet processing steps are explained.

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