scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF OİL PRODUCTİON IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Aynur Jabiyeva, Turkan Ibrahimli Aynur Jabiyeva, Turkan Ibrahimli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Formation Pressure ◽  
Discharge Line ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Drainage Zone

It is important to conduct research without storing wells. Prior to this study, the wells will be shut down to explore the wells and additional work will be done for the survey. The research work itself took 15-20 days, using this research to determine the necessary parameters for the joint operation of the reservoir in a short time. In solving engineering problems, the force often applied to the system is to determine its reaction. In such cases, the correct answer to the question can be obtained on the basis of theoretical calculations. However, this is not always possible, and in some cases, instead of a mathematical model of the object under study, research is conducted to find a similar one. An electrical circuit can be thought of as a similar model of the mechanical oscillations of a solid. Therefore, by studying the motion of an electric charge in an electric circuit, it is possible to apply the oscillations of a mechanical system and the distribution of pressure in a porous medium by studying the distribution of heat in an object. If the final results of the two events are similar, then the modeling can be performed. The formation is considered as a working machine to determine the similarity of the drainage zone of the oil and gas well. In this case, the fluid system is lifted by lifting pipes to a certain height with formation pressure and the production of the well is ensured. As a result of the research, it was found that the mode of operation of the drainage zones of the strata in the wells is close to the mode of operation of centrifugal electric pumps. Keywords: debit, formation pressure, gas flow rate, drainage zone of the well, hydraulic characteristics of discharge line, bottomhole pressure, stress on discharge line of the pump.

Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Vinogradov ◽  
Aleksey V. Bukreev
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

scholarly journals Time-Domain Analysis of Fractional Electrical Circuit Containing Two Ladder Elements

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Ewa Piotrowska ◽  
Krzysztof Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Fractional Derivatives ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
State Variable ◽  
State Space System ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Different Order

The paper is devoted to the theoretical and experimental analysis of an electric circuit consisting of two elements that are described by fractional derivatives of different orders. These elements are designed and performed as RC ladders with properly selected values of resistances and capacitances. Different orders of differentiation lead to the state-space system model, in which each state variable has a different order of fractional derivative. Solutions for such models are presented for three cases of derivative operators: Classical (first-order differentiation), Caputo definition, and Conformable Fractional Derivative (CFD). Using theoretical models, the step responses of the fractional electrical circuit were computed and compared with the measurements of a real electrical system.

Zn diffusion and reflow behaviour of Sn-9Zn and Sn-8.5Zn-0.5Ag-0.01Al-0.1Ga solders on a Ni/Cu substrate under IR reflow

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mittal ◽  
K.L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diffusion Behavior ◽  
Zn Diffusion ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Substrate Interface ◽  
Solder Balls ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to compare the reflow and Zn diffusion behaviors in Sn-Zn and Sn-8.5Zn-0.5Ag-0.01Al-0.1Ga (5E) solders during soldering on a Ni/Cu substrate under infrared (IR) reflow. The study proposes a model on the effect of various elements particularly Zn diffusion behavior in the solders on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Design/methodology/approach – The melting activities of two solders near their melting points on copper substrates are visualized in an IR reflow furnace. Reflowed solder joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Findings – Reflow behaviors of the solders are similar. During melting, solder balls are first merged into each other and then reflow on the substrate from top to bottom. Both solders show a reduced amount of Zn in the solder. Theoretical calculations demonstrate a higher Zn diffusion in the 5E solder; however, the amount of Zn actually observed at the solder/substrate interface is lower than Sn-9Zn solder due to the formation of ZnAg3 in the solder. A thinner IMC layer is formed at the interface in the 5E solder than the Sn-Zn solder. Research limitations/implications – The present work compares the 5E solder only with Sn-Zn solder. Additional research work may be required to compare 5E solder with other solders like Sn-Ag, SnAgCu, etc. to further establish its practical applications. Practical implications – The study ascertains the advantages of 5E solder over Sn-Zn solder for all practical applications. Originality/value – The significance of this paper is the understanding of the relation between reflow behavior of solders and reactivity of different elements in the solder alloys and substrate to form various IMCs and their influence on the formation of IMC layer at solder/substrate interface. Emphasis is provided for the diffusion behavior of Zn during reflow and respective reaction mechanisms.

scholarly journals Growth of GaN from elemental Gallium and Ammonia via Modified Sandwich Growth Technique

2004 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Berkman ◽  
R. Collazo ◽  
R. Schlesser ◽  
Z. Sitar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Reactor Pressure

ABSTRACTGallium nitride (GaN) films were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates at 1050°C by controlled evaporation of gallium (Ga) metal and reaction with ammonia (NH3) at a total reactor pressure of 800 Torr. Pure nitrogen (N2) was flowed directly above the molten Ga source to prevented direct reaction between the molten Ga and ammonia, which causes Ga spattering and GaN crust formation. At the same time, this substantially enhanced the Ga transport to the substrate. A simple mass-transport model based on total reactor pressure, gas flow rates and source temperature was developed and verified. The theoretical calculations and growth rate measurements at different ammonia flow rates and reactor pressures showed that the maximum growth rate was controlled by transport of both Ga species and reactive ammonia to the substrate surface.

Researches of technological mode of operation of gas wells with a single-lift elevator at a critical speed of upper flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
R.A. Gasumov ◽  
◽  
E.R. Gasumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Technological Mode

The article discusses the modes of movement of gas-liquid flows in relation to the operating conditions of waterlogged gas wells at a late stage of field development. Algorithms have been developed for calculating gas well operation modes based on experimental work under conditions that reproduce the actual operating conditions of flooded wells of Cenomanian gas deposits. The concept of calculating the technological mode of operation of gas wells with a single-row elevator according to the critical velocity of the upward flow is considered based on the study of the equilibrium conditions of two oppositely directed forces: the gravity of water drops directed downward and the lifting force moving water drops with a gas flow directed upward. A calculation was made according to the method of the averaged physical parameters of formation water and natural gas in the conditions of flooded Cenomanian gas wells in Western Siberia. The results of a study of the dependence of the critical flow rate of Cenomanian wells on bottomhole pressure and diameter of elevator pipes are presented.

Comparative Analysis of the Rheological Behaviour of Irvingia Gabonensis Ogbono and Foreign Polymer for Bentonite Formulated Mud.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
David Ekuma ◽  
Ikechukwu Okafor ◽  
Innocent Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Abstract Drilling fluid are complex fluids consisting of several additives. These additives are added to enhance and control the rheological properties (such as viscosity, gel strength and yield point) of the mud. These properties are controlled for effective drilling of a well. This research work is focused on determining the rheological behavior of drilling mud using industry-based polymer and Irvingia Gabonensis (ogbono) as viscosifiers. Water based muds were formulated from the aforementioned locally sourced viscosifier and that of the conventional used viscosifier (Carboxylmetyl cellulose, CMC). Laboratory tests were carried out on the different muds formulated and their rheological properties (such as yield stress, shear stress, plastic viscosity and shear rate) are evaluated. The concentration of the viscosifiers were varied. The expected outcome of the research work aims at lowering the total drilling cost by reducing the importation of foreign polymer which promotes the development of local content in the oil and gas industry. The research compares the rheology of mud samples and the effect of varying the concentration (2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, and 10g) of both CMC and Ogbono and determining the changes in their rheological properties. The total volume of each mud sample is equivalent to 350ml which represent one barrel (42gal) in the lab. From the result, at concentration of 2g, the ogbono mud has a better rheology than the CMC mud, but at a concentration above 2g, CMC mud shows a better rheology than ogbono mud, that is, as the concentration of CMC is increased, the rheological properties of the mud increased while as the concentration of ogbono is increased the rheological properties decreased. The viscosity of the drilling fluid produced from the ogbono were lower than that of CMC, it could be used together with another local product such as cassava starch, offor or to further improve the rheology and then be a substitute to the conventional viscosifiers.

STUDY OF OIL AND GAS PROSPECTIVE STRUCTURES OF THE ARAL SEA REGION WITH THE FORECAST OF THEIR RESERVES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.К. Курбаниязов
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Hydrocarbon Traps ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Detailed Search ◽  
Gas Potential

В начале барремского времени море отступило и до начала позднего альба территория представляла собой низменную аккумулятивную равнину, в пределах которой происходило накопление аллювиальных и озерно-аллювиальных отложений: красно-коричневых глин, алевролитов с прослоями коричневых песчаников и песков и линзами темно-серого лигнита. В основании толщи отмечаются гравелиты и конгломераты. В раннемальбе произошла кратковременная трансгрессия моря, однако территория современного Восточного Приаралья не была затоплена и представляла собой прибрежно-морскую равнину, где накапливались глины, алевролиты и песчаники. К концу позднего альба море регрессировало, и территория вновь стала представлять собой низменную аллювиально-озерную равнину. По всей территории происходило накопление пестроцветных глин, зеленовато-серых алевролитов, песков и песчаников, а также углей. При проведении иследовательских работ были обоснованы наиболее перспективные типы ловушек углеводородного сырья по стратиграфическим уровням и выявлена зональность их распространения. Дана оценка перспектив района на выявление залежей нефти и газа. Выделены информативные и качественные признаки (критерии) нефтегазоносности. Обоснованы площади и конкретные структуры для постановки детальных поисковых работ на выявление залежей нефти и газа. Рассчитана оценка потенциальных ресурсов углеводородного сырья. At the beginning of the Barremian time, the sea receded and until the beginning of the late Alb, the territory was a low-lying accumulative plain, within which the accumulation of alluvial and lacustrine-alluvial deposits occurred: red-brown clays, siltstones with layers of brown sandstones and sands and lenses of dark gray lignite. Gravelites and conglomerates are noted at the base of the strata.In the Rannemalba, there was a short-term transgression of the sea, but the territory of the modern Eastern Aral Sea region was not flooded and was a coastal-sea plain, where clays, siltstones and sandstones accumulated. By the end of the Late Alb, the sea regressed and the area again became a low-lying alluvial-lacustrine plain. There was an accumulation of variegated clays, greenish-gray siltstones, sands and sandstones, as well as coals throughout the territory. During the research work, the most promising types of hydrocarbon traps were justified by stratigraphic levels and the zoning of their distribution was revealed. The assessment of the prospects of the area for the identification of oil and gas deposits is given. Informative and qualitative signs (criteria) of oil and gas potential are identified. The areas and specific structures for setting up detailed search operations to identify oil and gas deposits are justified. The estimation of potential resources of hydrocarbon raw materials is calculated.

scholarly journals Multiphase gas-flow model of an electrical submersible pump

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Diana Marcela Martinez Ricardo ◽  
German Efrain Castañeda Jiménez ◽  
Janito Vaqueiro Ferreira ◽  
Pablo Siqueira Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
System Response ◽  
Submersible Pump ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pump

Various artificial lifting systems are used in the oil and gas industry. An example is the Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). When the gas flow is high, ESPs usually fail prematurely because of a lack of information about the two-phase flow during pumping operations. Here, we develop models to estimate the gas flow in a two-phase mixture being pumped through an ESP. Using these models and experimental system response data, the pump operating point can be controlled. The models are based on nonparametric identification using a support vector machine learning algorithm. The learning machine’s hidden parameters are determined with a genetic algorithm. The results obtained with each model are validated and compared in terms of estimation error. The models are able to successfully identify the gas flow in the liquid-gas mixture transported by an ESP.

scholarly journals An Integrated Methodology towards Mitigation of Global Warming and Biomass Production for Biodiesel using Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3054-3058
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation

The rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 )concentration as well as depletion of fossil fuel reserves calls for the development of clean and ecofriendly alternative fuel source. Recently, lipid rich microalgal biomass is being extensively studied for generation of biodiesel however, the expensesincurred on production of microalgal biomassis a significant hurdle. Almost 80 % of the production costis generated from the cultivation medium which majorly comprise of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate. If the microalgal cultivation could be linked to a CO2 capturing unit than the cost of production could be reduced to a large extent. CO2 absorption by means of aqueous amine solvents is known to be a mature technology and could be integrated with microalgal cultivation unit for efficient utilization of the captured CO2 . In this present research work, blended solution of piperazine (PZ) and2-amino2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (5/25 wt. %) was used to capture CO2 and then the captured CO2 was utilized as an inorganic carbon stream for growing Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 for biodiesel production. The CO2rate absorption was governed by series of process variablesviz.solvent flow rate ranges (1.5 to 3) ×10⁻4 m 3 min-1 , absorption temperature (298 to 313) K,concentration of CO2 (10 to 15) kPa and gas flow rate(5 to 8) ×10⁻3 m 3 min-1 . The detected final biomass strengthofChlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 was0.955g L-1 . The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) determinedsubsequentlyacid transesterification was observed to contain fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production.

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