scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF WORKING BODIES OF MACHINES FOR SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Kuril ◽  
Viktor Pryshlyak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Optimal Depth ◽  
Soil Hardness

Existing technologies and modern technical means do not always provide the required quality of technological processes for growing sugar beets. Increasing requirements necessitate continuous improvement of existing and creation of new high-performance machines and units to ensure high-quality production technologies of sugar beet crops. Improved technological processes for the production of sugar beet crops are described in the article. Such technological processes include: loosening the compacted topsoil and destruction of the soil crust before the emergence of sugar beet shoots, loosening the soil after emergence, feeding sugar beets with increased soil hardness and low moisture content, inter-row soil cultivation with hilling plants in lines. As a result of research of technologies for inter-row processing of sugar beets in the system of crop care, the following ratio was established: the optimal depth and width of the strips for cutting the top layer of the soil, depending on the depth of placement of the sown seeds; the distance between the ribs of the roller, depending on the depth of cutting the soil; the maximum depth of soil loosening in the row zone and the row spacing zone, depending on the depth of sowing seeds and the placement of the root system of beets; the required depth of soil loosening in the aisles, depending on the specified optimal depth of application of mineral fertilizers in the aisles; the required distance from the conditional centerline of the beet rows to the zone of mineral fertilization in the aisles, etc. The use of optimized technological processes makes it possible to create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of sugar beet plants on heavy-textured soils and after a significant amount of precipitation and an increase in soil density. In addition, the proposed innovative technologies ensure the preservation and even increase of soil moisture, reduction of sparseness and contamination of crops, as well as losses and damage to sugar beet roots during harvesting. The research results can be used to improve and optimize zonal technologies and technical means for growing sugar beets in conditions of high density and insufficient soil moisture, as well as in the educational process in the preparation of future specialists from agricultural engineering for scientific project activities.

scholarly journals Quality of Sugar Beets under the Effects of Digestate Application to the Soil

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Andrzej Baryga ◽  
Bożenna Połeć ◽  
Andrzej Klasa
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Beet Pulp

Management of digestate from production of biogas has a great environmental importance. One of feedstock for biogas generation is beet pulp, a side product of sugar beet processing plant. In the paper a closed loop of beet pulp utilization at sugar beet plantation is presented. Effects of soil application of digestate obtained from digestion of sugar beet pulp were compared with standard mineral fertilizers. The field experiment was performed in three successive growing seasons. The studies were concentrated on quality of sugar beets grown under effects of two fertilization treatments—soil application of digestate cv. standard mineral fertilizers. It was found that some important quality indices (weight of single sugar beet root, content of sucrose in root tissues) were higher for beet harvested from digestate treatment compared to standard mineral fertilization (control). The concentration of harmful component (amide nitrogen) in sugar beets grown under conditions of digestate soil application was lower than in the control. It can be concluded that soil application of digestate from processing of sugar beet pulp can be treated as environmentally sound and effective method of its management.

scholarly journals The intensity of mechanical cultivation measures vs. the amount of weed seeds in the soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Loessial Soil ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Emergence Phase ◽  
Weed Removal

The effect of the number of mechanical operations in sugar beets plantation on the amount and species composition of weed seeds in the 0-5 cm deep layer of the loessial soil was studied. It has been proved that reduction in the number of weed seeds depends upon both the frequency of weeding-out operations and the level of agrotechnic. The highest decrease in the number of fruit and weed seeds was caused by eightfold weed removal which took place during the period from emergence phase to the joining of sugar beet rows. Application of increased mineral fertilization, microelements, fungicides, and insecticides caused the number of weed seeds to be reduced by 5,9%, in comparison to extensive agrotechnical level.

scholarly journals Fertilizer circulation and nitrogen balance in the agrophytocenosis of sugar beet when acidizing typical chernozem (study with 15n)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
A.S. Avilov ◽  
N.Ya. Shmyreva ◽  
A.A. Zavalin ◽  
O.A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Root Crops

The studies were carried out under the conditions of a microfield experiment on typical chernozem (Belgorod region) with two soils (pH 5.0 and 6.5) with the addition of urea (enriched in 15N, 17.1 at. %) And effluents from a pig-breeding complex (PSC) at doses of 6 and 12 g N/m2 (against the background of phosphate and potash fertilizers, P6K6). The largest amount of nitrogen was consumed by sugar beets with the combined introduction of CCA and urea (25.8 g N/m2). When the soil was acidified to pHsalt 5.0, the consumption of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers decreased by 15-18%, soil ni-trogen – by 21-52%, and waste nitrogen – by 16%. At the same time, the immobilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer decreased by 13-18%, and the loss of gaseous nitrogen compounds increased by 47-108%. The effluent from the pig-breeding complex increased the immobilization of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers (by 38-46%) and reduced gaseous nitrogen losses (by 22-44%). The highest stability and productivity (root crop yield 1654 g/m2, tops yield 239 g/m2) was exhibited by agrophytocenosis on soil with pH 6.5 with the combined application of CCA and urea. When the soil solution was acid-ified to pH 5.0, the yield of beet root crops decreased by 30% and the yield of tops – by 24%. On soil with pH 5.0, fertilizers increased the sugar content in root crops by 0.2-1.3%, on soil with pH 6.5, they decreased by 1.3-2.0%.

scholarly journals THEORY AND PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS MOVEMENT IN LIQUID AND AIR ENVIRONMENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-133
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
The Impact

Existing technologies and modern technical means do not always provide the required quality of technological processes of growing crops. The growing demands in a competitive market environment necessitate the constant improvement of existing and the creation of new high-performance machines and machine units to ensure the quality of technological processes in precision farming systems. The article presents improved theoretical principles of practical applied direction of agricultural materials MOVEMENT in air and liquid environments under the action of gravitational field. As a result of research using a fundamental analytical and mathematical apparatus, an algorithmic model has been developed that describes the movement of: seeds or mineral fertilizers on the way from seed drills to furrows, which are formed in the soil after the passage of seed drill openers; grain that moves from top to bottom in the cleaning systems of combine harvesters or during unloading from the hopper, etc. Such processes and phenomena occur during the production operation of seeders and planters, machines for post-harvest processing of grain, harvesting of roots, fruits, berries, etc. Particular attention is paid to the fall of raindrops or drops created by irrigation systems. The influence of the impact of drops on the field surface is analyzed, which provides the development of practical recommendations for the prevention of soil erosion, which is especially relevant in fields with difficult terrain. Some technical systems of creating "artificial rain" are considered, their technological schemes are substantiated and constructive and technological parameters are optimized. The application of the algorithm of mathematical analysis and calculation of technological processes and technical systems provides the necessary conditions for seed germination, growth and development of crops in both plain fields and on sloping lands. In addition, the proposed innovative methods of theoretical analysis and calculation of processes and phenomena characteristic of agro-industrial production can be effectively and used in the educational process during the preparation of agricultural engineers for project professional activities.

scholarly journals Регулятор росту рослин «Грейнактив-С» покращує насіння цукрових буряків

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
В. М. Смірних ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко ◽  
М. М. Нікітін
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Low Costs

Наведено результати досліджень впливу регулятора росту рослин «Грейнактив-С», що застосовується для передпосадкової обробки садивних коренеплодів цукрових буряків, на процеси формування насіннєвої продуктивності висадків та посівні якості гібридного бурякового насіння, а також на розвиток морфологічних елементів насіннєвих рослин. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що обробка садивних коренеплодів цукрових буряків регулятором росту рослин «Грейнактив-С» за 12 годин до їх висаджування сприяє кращому відростанню висадків і збільшенню їх висоти, порівняно з контролем, на 8,0 і 28,7% відповідно. Ураження рослин висадків буряків мозаїкою і некрозом судин листя на ділянках із «Грейнактивом-С» виявилось у 1,41 і 1,52 рази, відповідно, меншим порівняно з варіантом, де коренеплоди не оброблялись цим препаратом. Застосування «Грейнактиву-С» для обробки садивних коренеплодів перед їх висаджуванням сприяло зменшенню у 2 рази кількості насінників цукрових буряків, заселених листковою буряковою попелицею. Препарат «Грейнактив-С», що застосовувався для обробки садивних коренеплодів, сприяв збільшенню врожайності гібридного насіння буряків на 11,5 %, маси 1000 плодів – на 14,0 %. На 5-й день кількість схожого насіння в термостаті на відповідному варіанті виявилася на 10 % більшою, ніж на контролі, а ростковість – у 1,3 рази більшою, ніж на контрольному варіанті. To solve the problem of increasing the seed productivity of sugar beet deforestation, and, having low costs for their cultivation, it is possible not only by genetic selection methods, the application of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, but also by means of growth regulators of plants that become integral elements of intensive technology growing this crop. All this testifies to the relevance of the study of the influence of the growth regulator of plants «Grainaktiv-S», which was used for the processing of seedy root crops of sugar beet, on the processes of growth and development of planting of plants, as well as on the seed quality of the hybrid beet seed. As a result of field studies, it was found that the treatment of sugar beet seedy root crops 12 hours prior to their planting by the growth regulator «Grainaktiv-S» contributes to a better growth of landings and an increase in their height compared with control of 8.0 and 28.7 %, respectively. The damage to beet plants by mosaic and necrosis of leaf vessels on sites with «Grainactiv-C» was 1.41 and 1.52 times lower, respectively, compared to the variant where the root crops were not treated with this drug. The number of seeds of sugar beets populated with leafy beetroot aphids was 2 times lower in the variant where «Grainaktiv-S» was used for processing root crops before planting. The drug «Grainaktiv-S», used to treat the planting root crops, contributed to an increase in the yield of hybrid beet seeds by 11.5 %, and a weight of 1000 fruits – by 14.0 %. On day 5, the number of similar seeds in the thermostat in the corresponding variant was 10 % higher than that of the control, and germination in the same variant under the conditions of the thermostat on the 5th day was 1.3 times higher than in the control version.

scholarly journals Формування поживного режиму ґрунту в полі цукрових буряків залежно від їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз органічних та мінеральних добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні, на вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту, рухомого фосфору та обмінного калію в чорноземі типовому слабкосолонцюватому. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні формування поживного режиму чорнозему типового слабкосолонцюватого під цукровими буряками залежало від системи удобрення. Найбільший вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту в орному шарі ґрунту виявився на час сходів цукрових буряків на ділянках, де вносили під культуру 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90, – 17,2 і 20,1 мг/кг ґрунту відповідно. Така доза органічних і мінеральних добрив забезпечила і найбільшу кількість рухомого фосфору в орному шарі у період сходів культури – 80,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено зростаючою рухомістю фосфатів з органічних добрив і меншим переходом фосфору в малорозчинні сполуки. Заміна дози добрив із 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180, яку вносили під цукрові буряки, на 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 сприяла підвищенню вмісту обмінного калію в орному шарі ґрунту на час сходів буряків із 170,0 до 177,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено високою дозою внесених органічних добрив під культуру, які після мінералізації гною і забезпечили зростання вмісту обмінного калію в ґрунті. Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most significant means to regulate physiological processes that determine yield formation of any crop. In intensive farming the yield of crops depends on the natural fertility of soil and weather conditions only by 25%. In this case, fertilizers provide from 30 to 60% of the yield, high quality seeds – from 5 to 20%, and plant protection products – from 5 to 15%. Therefore, studying of the optimal provision of sugar beet plants with nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium due to the application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers is important and relevant, especially for the conditions of the zone of inadequate moisture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sugar beet fertilization on the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil underneath in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. The research task was the study of the effect of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, applied to sugar beets, on the content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen, as well as  the effect of various fertilization systems used during the cultivation of sugar beets on the content of mobile phosphorus in the field of crop in short-term crop rotation and the study of the content of exchangeable potassium in typical slightly alcanlinized black soil while applying various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers to sugar beets. The following preliminary conclusions can be made based on the data of one-year research: In short-term crop rotation, the highest content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer was at the time of germination of sugar beets in the areas where the manure + N90P120K90 was applied in the amount of 50 tons per hectar - 17.2 and 20.1 mg/kg of soil. The application of 50t/ha of manure + N90P120K90provided the largest amount of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer during the period of the crop germination – 80.0 mg/kg of soil, due to the increasing mobility of phosphates from organic fertilizers and a smaller transition of phosphorus in the insoluble compounds. The change of the dose of fertilizers applied to sugar beets from 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 to 50 t/ha of manure + N90Р120К90resulted in the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer during sugar beets germination from 170.0 to 177.0 mg/kg of soil. It is the effect of the application of high dose of organic fertilizers, which after mineralization of manure provided the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

Effect of Environmental Factors on Pyrazon Action in Sugar Beets

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Koren ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Great Accumulation

The effect of temperature and soil moisture content on the toxicity of soil-applied 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (pyrazon) to sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L. ‘U.S. H-8’) was studied under controlled environmental conditions. High temperatures during or after germination increased the susceptibility of sugar beets to pyrazon while variations in soil moisture content did not have a significant effect. Sugar beet seeds absorbed three times more pyrazon at 35 C than at 18.3 C. During imbibition more than 90% of the pyrazon taken up by sugar beet fruits was concentrated in the pericarps surrounding the seeds. Furthermore, the herbicide which had been accumulated in the pericarp during imbibition did not move into the tissues of the developing seedling during or after germination. Comparative studies showed that there was a lag period in absorption of pyrazon by sugar beet seeds enclosed within their pericarps. This lag period did not occur in sugar beet seeds from which the pericarps had been removed, or in seeds of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). It is concluded, therefore, that the pericarp contributes to a physical mechanism of selectivity which enables sugar beets to avoid great accumulation of pyrazon when the mechanism of biochemical inactivation of the herbicide is not yet operative.

scholarly journals Bioenergy efficiency of some elements of sugar beets growing technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
L. Karpuk ◽  
A. Pavlichenko ◽  
V. Karaulna ◽  
L. Bogatyr ◽  
V. Polyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Sugar Beets

The goal of the research is to assess the bioenergy efficiency of individual elements of sugar beet growing technology. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at the Training and Production Center (BCC) of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2015-2017. All field experiments were conduct on the background of the main fertilizer. Under the basic cultivation of the soil 40 t/h of manure and N120P100K140 mineral fertilizers (a.s.) were introduced, on the basis of the planned yield of 70 t/ha. Norms of organic and mineral fertilizers were calculated taking into account the presence of nutrients in the soil and the coefficient of their removal by sugar beet. The results of research. For the energy assessment of the elements of sugar beet cultivation technology in the central part of the Right-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the cost of the total energy per unit area was determined by the technological maps, which were grouped and analyzed according to the following articles: seeds, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, mechanized and manual work, and etc. The energy efficiency was determined by the energy efficiency ratio (Cee) – the ratio of the difference between the reproduced energy (energy consumption of the crop) and the consumed energy efficiency coefficient where the seed with the laboratory similarity was sown more than 95 % – (Cee = 5.51). When used for sowing seeds with a laboratory similarity of more than 91–95 %, the energy efficiency was slightly lower than that of sowing seeds more than 95 % and was 5.42. With the increasing of plant density to harvesting from 80–90 to 101–110 thousand/ha, the energy output from the harvest increased from 829521 to 905520 MJ, but due to higher yields in variants where the plant density was 101-110 thousand/ha of energy, comparatively before control was higher. The energy efficiency ratio tended to decrease both for the use of hybrids and for the introduction of trace elements in the feed and amounted to 5.57–6.08. Conclusions. It is proved that the developed agrotechnological measures for sugar beet cultivation in the line hybrid – the quality of the seeds – the plant stomatal density – fertilizers – the duration of the vegetation period, provide a high economic effect. The formation of optimal sugar beet seeding on the area provided the highest yield of energy with the yield on variants with double application of microfertilizers in the non-root nutrition. Key words: sugar beets, bioenergy efficiency, similarity of sown seeds, plant density, varietal composition, foliar nutrition, duration of vegetation period.

THE IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE BIOLOGICAL YIELD OF SUGAR BEET CROP (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. SACCHARIFERA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284
Author(s):  
Petar Petrov ◽  
Bojan Mitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
New Production ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
The Impact

Due to the great economic significance of the sugar beet, the new production trends are aimed at improving the quantitative and qualitative properties and one of the basic agro technical measures that is directly dependent on the yield and quality of the turnip is the properly conducted plant nutrition. Exporting high quantities of nutrients from the soil, the sugar beet requires application of advanced agro-technology, primarily application of adequate and controlled nutrition and irrigation. Application of this measure, in combination with soil processing, has sustained influence over the following cultures in the crop rotation in terms of nutrients regiment and fight against weeds.In order to determine the effects of mineral fertilizers on sugar beet, field experiment was conducted on fluvisol soil. The experiment is set according to a random block system, following the standard methods of agricultural chemistry for conducting field trials. The experiment includes eight variants, as follows: 1. Control (non-fertilized), 2. NP, 3. NK, 4. PK, 5. NPK, 6. N2PK, 7. N2P2K, 8. N3PK.In the phase of technological maturity of sugar beet, collection of the vegetative material and measurement of the height of the biological yield of the turnips was carried out. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that the variant N2P2K has achieved the highest yield of swollen roots, i.e. 69.330 kg/ha. The highest yield of leafy greens was achieved in the variant N3PK, i.e. 41.920 kg/ha, which indicates the fact that nitrogen has direct influence over the vegetation mass of sugar beet.

CONVISO® SMART – an innovative approach of weed control in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegener ◽  
Natalie Balgheim ◽  
Maik Klie ◽  
Carsten Stibbe ◽  
Bernd Holtschulte
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Bayer Cropscience ◽  
Als Inhibitor

KWS SAAT SE and Bayer CropScience AG are jointly developing and commercializing an innovative system of weed control in sugar beet for the global market under the name of CONVISO SMART. The technology is based on the breeding of sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to herbicides of the ALS-inhibitor-class with a broad-spectrum weed control. This will give farmers a new opportunity to make sugar beet cultivation easier, more flexible in its timing and more efficient. The use of CONVISO, as new herbicide in sugar beet, will make it possible to control major weeds with low dose rates of product and reduced number of applications in the future. The tolerance is based on a change in the enzyme acetholactate synthase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. This variation can occur spontaneously during cell division. During the development, sugar beets with this spontaneously changed enzyme were specifically selected and used for further breeding of CONVISO SMART cultivars. As such, these varieties are not a product of genetic modification. Field studies with CONVISO SMART hybrids showed complete crop selectivity and a broad and reliable efficacy against a large range of major weeds. The bio-dossier for an EU-wide registration of CONVISO was submitted in April in 2015. The variety inscription process is in preparation in different countries. The system CONVISO SMART is scheduled to be available to farmers in 2018 at the earliest.

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