scholarly journals The efficacy of hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extracts against candida SPP, causing candidiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Zuhaira ◽  
Shaza Naz ◽  
P. M. Ridzuan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis

Over the years, World Health Organization has recommended traditional medicines as safe remedies for ailments of both microbial and non-microbial origins. The use of herbals has increased worldwide in recent years, as they are believed to be safer than modern medicines with lesser or no side effects. The present study has been designed to determine the role of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves extract in-vitro antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata species. The leaves of H. rosa-sinensis were soaked in methanol and ethanol for solvent extraction. The extraction yield was diluted in DMSO to obtain 6 different concentrations, and was then impregnated on blank discs. The disc diffusion method was used to test against 3 different candida species for sensitivity test. Basic phytochemical constituent’s detection on phenol, carbohydrate, tannins and saponins were done on H. rosa-sinensis. The extract that shows largest zone of inhibition of candida species is the leaf extract with ethanol. 1000mg/ml of the leaf extract shows the highest inhibition zone against C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata which are 9mm, 8mm and 9mm respectively. Carbohydates test showed both extractions highly positive and ethanol extract exhibited the highest saponin compared with methanol extract. It was found that ethanol extract of H. rosa- sinensis showed more potent anti candidiasis compared with methanol extract.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽  
Nuril Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

STUDY OF IN VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY BY MUSSAENDA MACROPHYLLA ROOT EXTRACTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
DEEPAK SHRESTHA ◽  
JITENDRA PANDEY ◽  
CHIRANJIBI GYAWALI ◽  
MAHESH LAMSAL ◽  
SUNITA SHARMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Objective: The systematic study of effective alternative anti-diabetic drugs has great importance to manage diabetes as well as other oxidative stress-related diseases. According to previous research, root and bark of Mussaenda macrophylla plant has anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity. Ethnomedicinal data shows that Mussaenda macrophylla is used to treat diabetes as well as oxidative stress. The objective of this research is to investigate in vitro anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activity of root extract of Mussaenda macrophylla. Methods: DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to detect anti-oxidant potency of ethanol and methanol root extract of the plant and expressed as % of radicle inhibition. Anti-diabetic activity was determined by the glucose diffusion method using a glucose oxidase kit and results were expressed as mean±SD. Results: The ethanol root extract at the concentration of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml showed better glucose diffusion inhibition than that of methanol extract at the same concentration on increasing time interval. Ethanol extract at the concentration 100 µg/ml displayed better DPPH scavenging activity (89.83±0.19 %) than that of methanol extract (86.61±0.75%). Conclusion: This study concluded that ethanol and methanol root extract of Mussenda macrophylla have potent anti-diabetic as well as anti-oxidant activity but further advance research is necessary in the animal model.

Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles Produced by Ethanol Extract of Boesenbergia rotunda Rhizome Loaded with Chitosan and Alginic Acid Against Streptococcus mutans by In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Atun ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Melia Aliffiana ◽  
Hajar Nur Afifah ◽  
Anna Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

scholarly journals In vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Enicostemma axillare (Lam). Raynal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan P. ◽  
Babu A ◽  
Sheik Noor Mohamed M ◽  
Jaikumar K. ◽  
Anand D
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Ms Analysis

Traditional healers possess a rich knowledge on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. Enicostemma axillare (Lam). Raynal is one plant, used by healer to treat gastric cancer or ulceration. We assessed the phytochemical components of leaf extract for its antibacterial activity, to add value and provide an evidence-base for their traditional use. The antibacterial potential of the leaf extract was tested against Helicobacter pylori using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract exhibited the (MIC) against H. pylori ranged from 200?g/ml - 250?g/ml followed by chloroform extract. Gas chromatography and mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis confirms the occurrence of different components in the ethanol and chloroform leaf extract of the studied species.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND PHOTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF CARICA PAPAYA FRUITS

2019 ◽  
pp. 308-310
Author(s):  
SEOW LAY JING ◽  
KHOR POH YEN ◽  
GOURI KUMAR DASH
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Powder

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective effects of Carica papaya fruits using spectrophotometric methods. Methods: The dried fruit powder of C. papaya was extracted separately in methanol, ethanol, and distilled water for 2 days on a constant heating water bath at 60°C. The extracts were concentrated under vacuum using a rotary evaporator and separately dried in a desiccator to yield the methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts. Proximate analysis of the fruit powder such as determination of ash values, loss on drying, and extractive values was performed as per the World Health Organization guidelines. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method and compared with ascorbic acid. The photoprotective effect was evaluated by the spectrophotometric method. Results: Our results revealed the total phenolic content 59.7±1.15 for methanol extract, 56.1±0.33 for ethanol extract, and 64.4±1.95 for the aqueous extract μg/ml of gallic acid equivalent. The level of flavonoids, expressed in quercetin equivalents in μg/ml, of methanol extract was of 79.3±0.61, ethanol extract 66.3±0.13, and aqueous extract 23.9±0.26, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was found superior to ascorbic acid that was used as the standard for activity comparison. The results of sun protection factor (SPF) in vitro study demonstrated comparable SPF in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: The flavonoids and phenolic compounds present in the extracts could be responsible by the photoprotective effect of C. papaya.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF IN VITRO WOUND HEALING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
CHANDUKISHORE T ◽  
SAMSKRATHI D ◽  
SRUJANA TL
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Solvent Extract ◽  
Minimum Yield

Objective: The objective of this study was to discover and examine the in vitro wound healing activity of selected medicinal plants against common wound infecting microorganisms. Methods: Ziziphus rugosa and Hemidesmus indicus plant parts were used for aqueous and solvent extract preparation, maceration technique was followed. In vitro antibiotic test has been done using disc diffusion method. Results: Maximum yield for aqueous extract was observed in Z. rugosa bark sample (50.6%) and minimum yield was noted in H. indicus leaf extract in (45.7%) and maximum yield in solvent extract was observed in methanol extract of Z. rugosa (37.5%) whereas minimum yield was observed in of acetone extract of leaves of Z. rugosa (25%). For all sample extracts tested, leaf extract of acetone and methanol extract of Z. rugosa and H. indicus showed the highest antibiotic zone of inhibition of 15 mm and 12 mm, whereas lowest zone of inhibition was observed in aqueous bark extract of Z. rugosa (7 mm). Conclusion: Crude aqueous and solvent extract of selected plant were showed that promising results have a wound healing aid, efficacy of which could be further improved by studying and practicing more advanced extraction procedure for future prospectus.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chinese Leaf Extract and Leaf Plants (Jatropha Multifida L.) As Antibacterial to Bacterial Growth Staphylococcus Aureus In Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Dwi Anggita ◽  
Yusriani Yusriani ◽  
Dian Amelia Abdi ◽  
Vivin Desiani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Jatropha Multifida

Jatropha multifida L. contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids that differ from each part of the plant and the content of these substances is what makes L. multifida Jatropha has a function as an antibacterial so that the leaf extract and the gap of chinese distance ( Jatropha multifida L.) allegedly capable of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The aim of this research was to know the effectivity of leaf extract and gum of Jatropha multifida L. to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro.Penelitian used true experimental post test design. Using disc diffusion method with concentration 25; 50; 75; and 100% v / v leaf and gum china distance. Positive control was used Clindamycin 5μg drip antibiotic paper disc. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result of the research showed the difference of different inhibition zone between treatments. In chinese leaf extracts showed different mean diameters, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% with inhibit zone formed respectively 0 mm, 9.32 mm, and 17.48 mm and the highest inhibition zone at concentration of 100% with an average diameter of 22.24 mm. In the gap of chinese distance showed a different mean diameter, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% with the inhibit zone formed respectively 16.08 mm, 18.15 mm, and 18.63 mm and the highest inhibition zone at a concentration of 100% with an average diameter of 21.91 mm. Clindamycin positive controls show an average inhibit zone of 23.31 mm. It was concluded that there was an effect of leaf extract and resin of chinese distance plant (Jatropha multifida L.) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and the best concentration was 100% concentration and almost closer to the inhibitory zone of Clindamycin antibiotics as positive control.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS IN ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS (JACKFRUIT) BARK AND LEAF EXTRACTS AND LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
HAFIDZ MAKARIM ILMI ◽  
BERNA ELYA ◽  
ROSITA HANDAYANI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition

Objective: Inflammation is a localized reaction in the tissue in response to injury wherein mediators such as leukotrienes are produced as protectiveresponse leukotrienes are synthesized during the metabolism of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase and they increase capillary permeability andleukocyte adhesion. Artocarpus heterophyllus is used in many medicines due to its natural anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to usethe bark and leaf extracts of A. heterophyllus to obtain the most active fraction that could inhibit lipoxygenase and to investigate the total phenol andflavonoid levels in these extracts.Methods: Barks and leaves were extracted by a multistage reflux method. An in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition assay was performed by measuring thetotal phenol and flavonoid contents for each fraction.Results: Ethanol extract was found to be the most active extract in each fraction. IC50 values obtained in the two most active fractions were 31.82μg/mL in the ethyl acetate of bark extract and 46.61 μg/mL in the ethyl acetate of leaf extract. This value was higher than that of apigenin standardwhich has an IC50 value of 2.08 μg/mL. The highest phenol content was present in the ethanol leaf extract with 404.903 mg gallic acid equivalent/gextract. Meanwhile, the highest flavonoid content was found in the ethyl acetate of bark extract with 372.362 mg QE/g extract.Conclusion: The bark and leaf extract tests showed that the increase in the total phenol or flavonoid content was proportional to the increase in theenzyme inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Microbial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Justicia flava and Tephrosia vogelii that grows in Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
GEORGE ALFRED MASETE
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii

Background: Medicinal plants and plant-derived medicines are increasingly becoming popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals due to increased resistance to drugs by microbes. There is a need to search for new active compounds to validate the medicines used traditionally. The study was carried out on the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Justicia flava and Tephrosia vogeli, to determine their antimicrobial and phytochemical profiles.  Method The agar well diffusion method using Mueller Hinton agar plates, to determine the diameters of the antibacterial inhibition zones of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts on standard bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp was conducted.  Results Ethanol extract of Justicia flava showed activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and no activity on Salmonella spp.  The aqueous extract had no activity on any of the three bacteria. However, both the aqueous and ethanol extract of T. vogelii showed activity on the test microbes used, and the highest activity was seen with Salmonella spp. For minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), J. flava, P. aeruginosa had the highest value of 500mg/ml and S. aureus showed the lowest value of 250mg/ml whereas, with the aqueous extract of T. vogelii, P. aeruginosa showed the highest MIC value of 165mg/ml and Salmonella spp the lowest of 41.25mg/ml. However, Salmonella showed a high value (300mg/ml) with the ethanol extract and S. aureus the lowest (75mg/ml). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenolics, and reducing sugars. Conclusion and recommendations:  This study showed that Justicia flava and Tephrosia vogelii possess antimicrobial activity and are therefore potential candidates for combating bacterial infections, especially those accelerated by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Salmonella species.

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