Most suitable types of seismic isolation for use in old mosques in Syria

Friction Pendulum ◽

The article discusses the most suitable base isolation bearings from the author's point of view for use in the buildings of old mosques in Syria, which are designed to protect such buildings from the effects of earthquakes that can occur at any time. Especially since many of such buildings have an architectural and cultural value, and are included in the world heritage list of UNESCO. Elastomeric bearings with high energy dissipation capacity (HDRB), elastomeric bearings with lead cores (LDRB), single friction pendulum, double friction pendulum and triple friction pendulum sliding (FPS) bearings are considered. What they consist of, their characteristics. Three, mosques in Syria that are of a great value from the point of view of architecture and cultural heritage are listed and described, and conclusions are drawn.

Test Study on the Rigidity Degradation and Energy Dissipation of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Columns with Central Reinforcement

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.398 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 163-167 ◽

pp. 398-405

Author(s):

San Sheng Dong ◽

Zi Xue Lei ◽

Jun Hai Zhao

Keyword(s):

Energy Dissipation ◽

High Strength ◽

Concrete Columns ◽

High Energy ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Static Test ◽

Test Study ◽

Core Areas ◽

Based on the pseudo-static test of 6 high-strength RC columns with central reinforcement skeletons, this paper studied their hysterisis performance, degradation of strength and rigidity, and energy dissipation capacity, with the affecting factors analyzed. The result shows that the central reinforcement skeletons can compensate for the low plasticity and brittle failure susceptibility of high-strength concrete so that all the specimens have stable strength, slow rigidity degradation and high energy dissipation capacity at later stage of loading; the larger the core areas the higher the strengths and ductility of the specimens, but slightly faster the degradation of strength and energy dissipation capacity as compared with the specimens with smaller core areas; the spacing of ties, longitudinal reinforcement ratio of core area both influence the strength degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens, but they have little effect on their strengths.

Evaluation of Structural Behavior of Hysteretic Steel Dampers under Cyclic Loading

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10228264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 8264

Author(s):

Sang-Woo Kim ◽

Kil-Hee Kim

Keyword(s):

Energy Dissipation ◽

Shear Force ◽

High Energy ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Structural Performance ◽

Cyclic Shear ◽

Steel Damper ◽

Ductile Behavior ◽

This study proposes a relatively simple steel damper with high energy dissipation capacity. Three types of steel dampers were evaluated for structural performance. The first damper with U-shape had two vertical members and a semicircular connecting member for energy dissipation. The second damper with an angled U-shape replaced the connecting member with a horizontal steel member. The last damper with D-shape had a horizontal member added to the U-shaped damper. All the dampers were designed with steel plates on both sides that transmitted external shear force to the energy-dissipating members. To evaluate the structural performance of the dampers, an in-plane cyclic shear force was applied to the specimens. The D-shaped damper showed ductile behavior with excellent energy dissipation capacity after yielding without decreasing in strength during cyclic load. In other words, the D-shaped specimen showed excellent performance, with about 3.5 times the strength of the U-shaped specimen and about 3.8 times the energy dissipation capacity due to the additional horizontal member. Furthermore, the efficient energy dissipation of the proposed D-shaped steel damper was confirmed from the finite element (FE) analytical and experimental results.

Adrian Craciunescu, To Move and Reconstruct Monuments – Conflicts with Authenticity and Integrity

PLURAL. History, Culture, Society ◽

10.37710/plural.v8i1_4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 27-47

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

World Heritage ◽

Point Of View ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

Border Line ◽

World Heritage List ◽

The World ◽

Or Methodology ◽

Core Concepts ◽

Present Understanding

Moving heritage has never been a problem of engineering. From technical point of view, when heritage became a doctrinal issue, everything was technically achievable already. Present understanding of built heritage is more and more connected to the place where such heritage was constructed and still, less and less related to its materiality. In the early sixties, Salvaging Abu Simbel in the early sixties overexposed this issue of deep link between a monument and its place. It was of such magnitude that even contributed directly to the World Heritage Convention. After more than half a century, due to new technologies and due to many changes in the way heritage is perceived, it appears that concepts of “place” and “reconstruction” tend to become less and less restrictive, to the point that the core concepts of World Heritage - “authenticity” and “integrity” - may become very difficult to assess at a certain moment. At least one position on Romania’s heritage in the World Heritage List is affected by the possibility of “dismantling, transfer and reinstatement at a suitable location” stated by the Granada Convention for the protection of architectural heritage of Europe. The wooden churches are movable by tradition, and this aspect is better reflected in the revised principles of Venice Charter reflected in ICOMOS Australia’s Burra Charter and, more recently, in Nara Document on Authenticity. However, having already so many precedents already, where else could we anymore trace a border line between acceptable and non-acceptable of such transfers and reconstructions in respect of authenticity and integrity? If such a line can be traced, does this mean then that a principle may be negotiable? Can it be properly set in a clear regulation or methodology?

Theoretical and experimental behaviour of a hybrid semi-rigid glulam beam-to-column connection with top and seat angles

Advances in Structural Engineering ◽

10.1177/1369433220906920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2057-2069

Author(s):

Haotian Tao ◽

Min Mao ◽

Huifeng Yang ◽

Weiqing Liu

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Cyclic Load ◽

High Energy ◽

Test Results ◽

Glulam Beam ◽

The Moment ◽

High Energy Dissipation ◽

Reversed Cyclic ◽

Theoretical Results

This article proposes to use the bolted top and seat angles to provide excellent moment resistance and high energy dissipation capacity for glulam beam-to-column connection. Angles are anchored on the glulam beam using the glued-in steel plate technology and connected to the column by anchorage bolts. A theoretical model is presented in this article to evaluate the moment-resistant properties of the connection based on the component method. To validate the accuracy of the theoretical model, several hybrid connections are tested under monotonic and reversed cyclic load. The test results showed that the proposed hybrid connection has a high rotational stiffness and excellent moment resistance. The theoretical results are also consistent with those of the experimental model.

Design of Flat Vaults with Topological Interlocking Solids

Nexus Network Journal ◽

10.1007/s00004-020-00541-w ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Lecci ◽

Cecilia Mazzoli ◽

Cristiana Bartolomei ◽

Riccardo Gulli

Keyword(s):

High Energy ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Platonic Solids ◽

Geometric Conditions ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Stability ◽

Topological Interlocking ◽

AbstractThis paper investigates the principles that regulate complex stereotomic constructions as a starting point for the design of a new two-dimensional floor structure based on the principles of TIM (Topological Interlocking Materials). These interlocking systems use an assembly of identical Platonic solids which, due to the mutual bearing between adjacent units and the presence of a global peripheral constraint, lock together to form pure geometric shapes. This type of structure offers several advantages such as a high energy dissipation capacity and tolerance towards localised failure, which has made it a popular research topic over the last 30 years. The current research project includes a case study of an assembly of interlocking cubes to create a “flat vault”. The resulting vault design features a striking appearance and its geometry may be manipulated to achieve different two-dimensional solutions, provided certain geometric conditions necessary for the stability of the system are followed.

PROTECTION OF THE RURAL DESTINATIONS AS THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES

Services in Russia and abroad ◽

10.12737/21818 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 18-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Олег Афанасьев ◽

Oleg Afanasiev

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

World Heritage ◽

Point Of View ◽

Resource Base ◽

Unesco World Heritage ◽

World Heritage Sites ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

World Heritage List ◽

The World ◽

Agricultural Tourism

The article discusses the concept of “agrоcultural (agricultural) heritage” and composing it objects in rural (agricultural) tourism, for which they are the most important destinations. This research object is interdisciplinary, affecting a variety of spheres, particularly, agroourism, sightseeing, services and so forth, and economy in general. Agricultural heritage includes tangible objects of agricultural and technical culture, created for the production. Such objects are saved for better and complete study and understanding of their nature, not for contemplation; they are not works of art. This heritage is anthropogenic and technological. From the scientific and methodological point of view the very understanding of the term of "agricultural heritage" is still quite uncertain. The article presents a comprehensive understanding of it based on the nature-use concept as a binary object system "Man - Nature". The available experience of classification of agricultural heritage objects is considered. Starting 2002, at the initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) the criteria are developed and an inventory of objects of the world agro- cultural heritage, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), is conducted. One of the GIAHS goals is identifying objects of agricultural heritage that are most corresponding to the status of "global agricultural heritage" and their promotion for including to the UNESCO World Heritage List. The article presents for the first time ever full GIAHS list in Russian as of October, 2016. We have separated in special list 114 objects from 58 countries, corresponding in our view to the concept of "agricultural heritage" from the UNESCO World Heritage List current at the end of 2016. The article presets the attempt to classify them by 12 categories. The rating of countries in the world by the number of Agricultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites is submitted. The author notes that exactly this category of objects forms a primary resource base for the agricultural (rural) tourism development as the most important attractive destinations, especially in Europe. As the conclusions the reasons are formulated, under which agricultural tourism is a promising form of tourism organization both for individual agricultural enterprises on the basis of objects of agricultural heritage, and for the regions in which these objects are presented.

Seismic Isolators and their Types

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.10.special-issue1.05 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alireza Kamrava

Keyword(s):

Seismic Isolation ◽

Elastomeric Bearings ◽

Friction Dampers ◽

Seismic Isolator ◽

Synthetic Rubber ◽

Lead Rubber Bearings ◽

Fluid Dampers ◽

Rubber Bearings ◽

Hysteretic Dampers ◽

Friction Pendulum

In this paper I would like to describe about what seismic isolation is., seismic isolators, their types ,how do they work? ,their advantage and disadvantage. In seismic isolator types you will read about Elastomeric bearings, Natural and Synthetic Rubber Bearings , Lead Rubber Bearings , Friction pendulum bearing, Supplymetal Damping Devices like Buckling Restrained Brace, Fluid Dampers, Visco-Elastic Dampers,Friction Dampers, Hysteretic Dampers(Yeilding Dampers).In advantage and disadvantage part you will read some tips about using seismic isolators. In conclusion you will read a review about seismic isolation and using seismic isolators.

Volume 1: Offshore Technology; Offshore Wind Energy; Ocean Research Technology; LNG Specialty Symposium ◽

Application of Aluminium Alloys in a Structural Joint With Great Shear Deformation Capacity

10.1115/omae2006-92325 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

S. V. Khonsari ◽

G. L. England ◽

M. Ghahramaninezhad-Gharehlar

Keyword(s):

Shear Deformation ◽

Aluminium Alloys ◽

High Energy ◽

Shear Loading ◽

Deformation Capacity ◽

High Shear ◽

Structural Connection ◽

High Energy Dissipation ◽

Very High

A new structural connection, already discussed in previous papers, with very special and, in some respects, unique, features, such as having very high rotational capacity in bending, and high shear deformation capacity under shear, hence high energy-dissipation capacity under either type of loading, was developed. Specimens of either variant of this joint, fabricated with steel components, were already tested under bending and shear in a mainly separate manner. However, due to the particular shape of the connection, and its ability to be extruded in aluminium, in the most recent work the behaviour of its aluminium specimens under shear loading was studied. A series of specimens fabricated from various classes of aluminium alloys were tested whose results are reported here. All of the specimens except one were tested under ‘monotonic’ loading, and one specimen was tested ‘cyclically.’ Despite the deficiencies in the specimens caused by poor welding of their components, the results show the high shear deformation capacity of the aluminium specimens which was accompanied by appreciable strength.

Performance of Elastomers in Isolation Bearings: A Literature Review

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.1585682 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 279-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Andrew W. Taylor ◽

Albert N. Lin ◽

Jonathan W. Martin

Keyword(s):

Seismic Isolation ◽

Base Isolation ◽

The United States ◽

High Energy ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Elastomeric Bearings ◽

Performance Requirements ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance

Laminated elastomeric bearings have been used for about 30 years in the United States to isolate bridge substructures from the lateral forces induced by shrinkage and creep of their superstructures. More recently, elastomeric bearings have been increasingly employed in buildings and bridges as a means of decoupling the structure from seismic ground motions. Since most buildings and bridges have service lives of at least 30 to 60 years, questions about the long-term behavior of base-isolation bearings arise. This paper presents a review of literature relating to the long term performance of the elastomers used in seismic isolation bearings. Bearing performance requirements are discussed and material characteristics and fabrication procedures are outlined. Field experience and laboratory findings are reviewed. Finally, long-term environmental effects are discussed, including ozone degradation, corrosion, temperature effects, and the influence of bombardment of elastomers by high energy radiation.

Three-dimensional dynamic analysis of ancient buildings with novel high damping isolation trenches

Journal of Vibration and Control ◽

10.1177/10775463211010910 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107754632110109

Author(s):

Jin-bao Li ◽

Zhong-wei Hu ◽

Zhao-dong Xu ◽

Ying-qing Guo

Keyword(s):

Energy Dissipation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Energy ◽

Plane Shape ◽

The Stability ◽

High Energy Dissipation ◽

Supporting Force ◽

The Impact

To improve the efficiency of conventional isolation trench and lighten the impact of the excavation on neighbor buildings, a novel high damping isolation trench is proposed. The viscoelastic braces equipped in the high damping isolation trench can dissipate the energy of ground-borne vibration while providing supporting force to ensure the stability of the soil on both sides. According to two actual ancient buildings, two types of high damping isolation trenchs with the plane shape of U and L are designed to solve the potential damages caused by long-term train-induced vibration. First, three-dimensional finite/infinite models based on these two buildings are established, respectively. Then, the energy dissipation characteristics are obtained by experiments. Through calculation, the control effects of the high damping isolation trenchs for these two buildings are investigated. The results indicate that the viscoelastic braces possess high energy dissipation capacity. After setting the high damping isolation trenchs around the structures, even at a small excavation depth, the acceleration and velocity responses of the two buildings are reduced significantly. Furthermore, the selected U-shaped and L-shaped trenches also show superiority compared with the conventional linear-shaped trench in this project.