scholarly journals Production of Agarwood Resin in Aquilaria beccariana Using Inducement Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Chong Saw Peng ◽  
Mohd Fajri Osman ◽  
Norellia Bahari, Everina A/k Nuri ◽  
Rusli Zakaria ◽  
Khairuddin Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Process ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Impregnated Wood

Agarwood is a type of resin impregnated wood produced from the wounded Aquilaria trees. This agarwood gives a pleasant fragrant when it is burned. It becomes high-priced and increase demanded in the world due to the depletion of wild agarwood in the forest caused by illegal poaching activities. Agarwood resin can only be produced by injuring caused by lightning or wounded by animals under natural conditions. However, the natural process of resin accumulation is uncertain and time-consuming. Therefore, we developed an agarwood inducement technique that served as the alternative way to induce the agarwood formation in a short time. Three inducement techniques, including the injecting method, knocking method and combination of injecting & knocking method were applied to induce resin formation. In this study, we evaluated the technique for producing agarwood in species Aquilaria beccariana, which is native and only can be found in Borneo Malaysia. For A. beccariana trees treated with the inducement technique, resin formed and spread throughout the cell in the trunk. The evaluation results showed that the agarwood yield per tree reached around 5 to 7 kilogram. Furthermore, this agarwood derived from the induction was found to have a similar quality with the wild agarwood. This indicates the inducement technology had successfully produced agarwood resin in A. beccariana with a grade similar to the wild agarwood.

PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF CREATIVITY OF ALISHER NAVOI IN FRENCH ORIENTAL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mukhammadjon Holbekov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Precious Stones

The great Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi(1441-1501), during his lifetime, was widely known not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders. A contemporary and biographer of Navoi, the famous historian Hondemir, of course, not without some hyperbole, wrote: "He (Navoi -M.Kh.) in a short time took the cane of primacy from his peers; the fame of his talents spread to all ends of the world, and the stories of the firmness of his noble mind from mouth to mouth were innumerable.The pearls of his poetry adorned the leaves of the Book of Fates, the precious stones of his poetry filled the shells of the universe with pearls of beauty

scholarly journals Efficacy of compressed sodium chloride (CSC) against E. coli and Candida auris in minutes and methods improvement for testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan N. Truong ◽  
Brayden D. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

AbstractControlling infections has become one of the biggest problems in the world, whether measured in lives lost or money spent. This is worsening as pathogens continue becoming resistant to therapeutics. Antimicrobial surfaces are one strategy being investigated in an attempt to decrease the spread of infections through the most common route of transmission: surfaces, including hands. Regulators have chosen two hours as the time point at which efficacy should be measured. The objectives of this study were to characterize the new antimicrobial surface compressed sodium chloride (CSC) so that its action may be understood at timepoints more relevant to real-time infection control, under two minutes; to develop a sensitive method to test efficacy at short time points; and to investigate antifungal properties for the first time. E. coli and Candida auris are added to surfaces, and the surfaces are monitored by contact plate, or by washing into collection vats. An improved method of testing antimicrobial efficacy is reported. Antimicrobial CSC achieves at least 99.9% reduction of E. coli in the first two minutes of contact, and at least 99% reduction of C. auris in one minute.

scholarly journals Between Distancing and Interdependence: The Conflict of Solidarities in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110054
Author(s):  
Mauro Basaure ◽  
Alfredo Joignant ◽  
Aldo Mascareño
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Mechanical Solidarity

In a bid to contain the spread of COVID-19, different national states around the world have introduced strict measures to regulate social interaction that have affected the interdependence of modern societies. In this article, we argue that this handling of the pandemic produces a conflict of solidarities that can be interpreted by expanding Durkheim’s classic formulations (organic and mechanical solidarity) to include the distinction between fragmentary solidarity (based on distancing) and ordinary solidarity (based on empathy and equal treatment). The conflict is triggered precisely by the introduction of fragmentary solidarity. Through this conceptualization, we identify different paradoxes and problems that the pandemic poses for present-day society and analyze how it attempts to overcome them through a generalization of ordinary solidarity. The paper concludes that the conflict of solidarities that characterizes the pandemic is not a passing phenomenon. Its anchorage in the complexity and interdependence of contemporary technological, social, and natural conditions points to its persistence.

scholarly journals UDDER INFECTION WITH STREPTOCOCCI OF THE SCARLET FEVER TYPE

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Jones ◽  
Ralph B. Little
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
General Reaction ◽  
Original Process ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Short Time

The clinical and bacteriological findings in two cows the udders of which became infected under natural conditions with hemolytic streptococci of the scarlet fever type are discussed. One of the cows was found in a herd supplying raw milk to a small town where a milkborne outbreak of scarlet fever had occurred a short time before. When small numbers of the streptococcus obtained from this case were injected into the udder of a normal cow severe mastitis accompanied by a well marked general reaction resulted. Evidence leads to the conclusion that a severe attack of mastitis due to this organism in one quarter does not sufficiently immunize the other quarters to protect them completely since the streptococcus can be readily implanted in them. The secondary infections were much milder than the original process.

scholarly journals ACTUALITY OF APPLICATION OF BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Булат Зиганшин ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Ильназ Кашапов ◽  
Ilnaz Kashapov ◽  
Ильнур Гайфуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
National Program ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

The first scientific developments in the field of biogas technologies were made in Russia more than 70 years ago. Since the 50th years one of the main directions was the anaerobic processing of activated sludge and sediments of urban wastewater. This method attracted attention in connection with the idea of obtaining biogas mainly from the manure of farm animals. Thanks to this in the middle of 50th years a number of pilot plants for biogas production were built in Zaporozhia, Belorussian, Georgian, Moldavian branches of All-Russian Institute of Agriculture Electrification, and also in Ekaterinburg. However, the operating experience of these installations was insignificant - one - two seasons. The problem of obtaining and using biogas is given great attention abroad. In a short time, in many countries around the world a whole industry for the production of biogas has emerged. The leader in the development of biogas industry is China. Since the middle of 1970, the National Program for the production of biogas from livestock wastes has been operating in this country. Currently, there are 10 million farm bioreactors. In addition, 40 000 biogas stations, 24 000 biogas treatment plants operate in China, which provides operation of 190 power plants.

scholarly journals Fundamental Human Rights and UNO Charter: A Critical Analysis with Islamic Perspectives.

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Inam Ullah Wattoo ◽  
Yasir Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Peace And Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Observation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Short Time

This study presents a critical analysis on the charter of human rights of United Nations, as it was design to promote peace and justice in the world but unfortunately it was not come in true. So the concepts and impacts of human rights presented by UN will be examine in the light of Seerah, and to find out the reasons which caused its failure. It is historical observation that fundamental human rights are very essential for justice and peace in the world. All the peoples have equal rights in all respects. No one is allowed to disregard the rights of others on the basis of race, color and religion. Holy Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) founded the state of Yathrab and first time in the history declared the fundamental rights of human and vanished the differences based on race, color and gender. Rights for slaves, war prisoners and women were not only defined but were implemented by legal procedure in very short time. In 1948 United Nation declared a charter for human rights which proclaimed that inherent dignity and equal rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace of the world. This charter consist on 30 articles regarding individual and common rights of human. This charter of UN guaranteed the security of all fundamental rights of all human being. Although there are number of articles which caused uneasiness among the people of different religions such as article No. 19. Freedom of opinion and express must be observed but it should must be keep in mind that some irresponsible elements of different societies are using this for their criminal purposes as cartoon contest on Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) by Geert wilders of Holland in recent days caused huge disturbance for world peace. Whereas, the Prophet of Islām ordered the Muslim to respect the clergy of other religions even He (PBUH) halted the Muslims to abuse the idols.

scholarly journals Technical Considerations on the Management of Coastal Areas Rehabilitation Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Georgiana Grigoras ◽  
Ionuţ Cristian Mihalache ◽  
Eduard Edelhauser
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Marine Wildlife ◽  
Technical Considerations

Coastal erosion contributes to the loss of particularly valuable land, which can damage coastal ecosystems and cause economic and social damage to the area where they occur. Coastal erosion is a natural process that affects shores around the world. The article present aspects of coastal erosion in Romania as well as some solutions proposed to reduce this phenomenon. Submerged structures are exposed to erosion therefore a close monitoring is necessary. A malfunction will result in the damage of the structure as well as endangering marine wildlife. The proposed solutions are meant to protect the coastal area against erosion, protecting the shore, adjacent land and ecosystems. These solutions will also protect the economic infrastructure and social objectives endangered by marine erosion. A monitoring program will be implemented for a medium and long term, supporting the maintenance operations.

scholarly journals Long-term Monitoring of the Vegetation Cover of Mountain Territories in the GIS for Soil and Landscape Study of Territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
G. Djalilova ◽  
F. Mamatkulova ◽  
Z. Mamatkulova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Process ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Rational use of natural resources and preservation of environment in good conditions are the basis of stable state of the ecosystem. Mountain soil erosion is the most common process of degradation. Soil protection from erosion is becoming a global problem in the world, and in Uzbekistan, in particular. Natural conditions of the region create a potential danger of soil erosion. The reason for its manifestation is the misuse of land, non-compliance with necessary requirements for soil protection. In most cases, it is due to the location of homesteads and crops on erosion-prone soils that poorly protect soil from erosion, improper cultivation of soils on arable land, unregulated grazing of pastures, and damage to soil protective plantations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: Analyzing of different pandemic control strategies using saturation models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bracke ◽  
Lars Grams
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Saturation Effect ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Spreading Behavior ◽  
Medical Prevention ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Short Time

Since December 2019, the world is confronted with the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19. At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic evolved into a pandemic, which continues to this day. Within many countries, several control strategies or combinations of them, like restrictions (e.g. lockdown actions), medical care (e.g. development of vaccine or medicaments) and medical prevention (e.g. hygiene concept), were established with the goal to control the pandemic. Depending on the chosen control strategy, the COVID-19 spreading behavior slowed down or approximately stopped for a defined time range. This phenomenon is called saturation effect and can be described by saturation models: E.g. a fundamental approach is Verhulst (1838). The model parameter allows the interpretation of the spreading speed (growth) and the saturation effect in a sound way. This paper shows results of a research study of the COVID-19 spreading behavior and saturation effects depending on different pandemic control strategies in different countries and time phases based on Johns Hopkins University data base (2020). The study contains the analyzing of saturation effects related to short time periods, e.g. possible caused by lockdown strategies, geographical influences and medical prevention activities. The research study is focusing on reference countries like Germany, Japan, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland and Israel.

scholarly journals The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Environment on China’s EconomicDevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengya Cao
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the financial crisis has affected the economies of all countries in the world. At that time, it seriously restricted the development of the world economy. From a modern perspective, the difficult period of the world economic crisis caused by the financial crisis has passed, but the negative impact of the economic crisis can not be eliminated in a short time. Dispersed, the crisis has brought both opportunities and challenges to the country as well as heavy economic losses. Under the background of economic globalization, only by making a scientific and effective analysis of the world economic situation and keeping up with the trend of the world economy, can we effectively promote the domestic economic development and industrial structure, and enable our economy to develop healthily and substantially.

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