scholarly journals Progresifitas Pemikiran Hadis Muhammad al-Gazali

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Arif Nuh Safri
Keyword(s):  
Social Conditions ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sharp Criticism ◽  
And Control ◽  
Religious Understanding

Hadith as the second source of law in Islam, always will continue to get the spotlight or study that develops according to the times. Although the hadith is seen as the second source of law, the position of hadith is still very central in shaping the religious understanding of a particular person or group. It can even surpass the portion of the Qur’an as the main and principal source. This sides of the Hadith are regarded as explanations or details of the Qur’an. With such a very central position, then the study of hadith also experienced the development. For example, the development of Muhammad al-Ghazali. In this case, he tries to progressive in understanding the hadith, so what he does is not uncommon to get censured, and sharp criticism. This progressiveness he did with the aim of shaping the understanding of traditions that more adjust the times, or the demands of the international world. So that the teachings of Islam are considered highly relevant to the development of the times. Through this article, the author tries to explain how the pregresivitas thought of Muhammad al-Ghazali. The thought of al-Ghazali is based on personal anxiety and an awareness of the history and reality that is afflicting Muslims and Islamic countries that are always under the control and control of Western nations. How the thoughts and solutions offered by al-Ghazali in understanding hadith is necessary to be studied, so that the understanding of hadith in contemporary times is more significant and relevant to modern social conditions.

MSDM Pondok Pesantren

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saefulloh ◽  
Fisher Zulkarnaen ◽  
Dewi Sadiah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Know How ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Control ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang, dan mengetahui bagaimana hasil kinerja santri di pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, studi dokumentasi dan wawancara.Hasil Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peran manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja santri di pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang yang diawali dengan pengolaan dalam bentuk fungsi perencanaan dan operasional yang baru.Terutama pengrekrutan jajaran assatidz yang berdedikasi dan berpendidikan tinggi masuk ke pondok pesantren pagelaran II. Sehingga keberlangsungan pesantren akan berinovasi dan pengendalian selalu sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia di pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang telah dijalankan dengan baik dan menunjukan keberhasilan dalam upaya menyiapkan insan kamil. ABSTRAK It aims to know how to implementation of human resources management hut pesantren by fire ii, and find out How did santri's performance result in the pesantren pagelaran 2 Sumedang. The method used in this study is a descriptive method, data collection is done using observation techniques, a documentary study and debriefing. This study found that human resource management's role in optimizing santri's performance in pondok pesantren pagelaran 2 Sumedang. That begin with processing in the form of new planning and operational functions. Particularly recruits for the dedicated, highly educated assatidz went into the pagelaran 2 Sumedang. So martial arts have continued to innovate and control always conforms to the development of The Times. So it is inadmissible that the human resources management at pesantren pagelaran 2 sumedang has been well run and show that is successful in preparing for the perfect human being.

scholarly journals Metodologi Penafsiran Kontekstual; Analisis Gagasan dan Prinsip Kunci Penafsiran Kontekstual Abdullah Saeed

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M.K. Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Textual Interpretation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times ◽  
Qur'anic Exegesis ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Qur’anic exegesis occupies a central position in the development of the intellectual traditions of Muslims. As a primary source, the Qur’an for centuries have beenexplored and understood using a variety of approaches and methods to satisfy every need of the times. The dominance model of textual interpretation in the tradition of interpretation of the Qur’an throughout the history of Islam, has been moving Abdullah Saeed a Professor of Islamic Studies University of Melbourne, to offer an alternative model of “contextual interpretation” as a model approach in interpreting the Qur’an that more sensitive to context. Because textual interpretation models tend to ignore the socio-historical context period of revelation as well as the context of the interpretation of the period. This paper specifically focused to analyze methodological aspects of thought’s Abdullah Saeed in conducting the contextualize interpretation of the Qur’an. In General, Saeed offers four contextual interpretation of operational steps, that is: 1) identify initial considerations by understanding the interpreter subjectivity, language and construct meaning, and the world of the Qur’an (encounter with the world of the text); 2) start the task of interpretation by means of identifying the meaning of the original text and convinced of the authenticity and reliability of the text (critical analysis of texts independently); 3) identify the meaning of the text by exploring each context (meaning for the first recipient); 4) hooking the interpretation of the text with the current context (process ofcontextualize, meaning for the present).

scholarly journals RESPON GEREJA ATAS PANDEMIK CORONA VIRUS DESEASE 2019 DAN IBADAH DI RUMAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-111
Author(s):  
Roedy Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Live Streaming ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
House Church ◽  
Triune God ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Church ◽  
Digital Equipment ◽  
At Home

The church is present on earth as an extension of the presence of the kingdom of God among humanity. The church is always present to respond to the conditions and situations of the times in a variety of challenges and temptations. But the church always sided with God's sovereignty and will govern and control everything, including the pandemics experienced by humans on this earth. The Church, currently dealing directly with the Covid-19 pandemic, which has worldwide, and its spread is so massive, and its impact is so wide in various sectors of life. The church was sent to bring the peace of Christ in truth and love. That is why the church responds to the appeal of the Government and health protocols from WHO by carrying out church services at home. Worship at home is not an attempt to establish a house church as a new institution. Worship at home is a form of faith that is responsible for the lives of fellow humans, and at the same time as an expression of love for others. Home worship is a service that is held based on the worship and liturgy of a church institution, where the congregation is part of its members. Principles and mechanisms of worship at home are regulated in such a way that using all available and available digital equipment and technology. The important and most important thing in conducting worship at home is that the congregation continues to truly worship the Triune God, sing praises to God, pray, and the peak and center is to listen to the word of God through preaching live (live streaming) or in recorded form or in printed form.

scholarly journals IN THE SPIRIT OF FLEXIBILITY": an overview of Renzi’s reforms (the so-called jobs act) to ‘improve’ the italian labour market

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Carinci
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Jobs Act

1. The new "indefinite contract with increasing protection" (contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato a tutele crescenti): a captivating formula conceals pejorative rules on dismissal in indefinite contracts. – 2. Reduced protection for dismissal and effects on the employment contract structure: the employer's strengthened power (of withdrawal and disciplinary) and the resulting employee interest squeeze. 3. Indefinite contracts and the employer's strengthened powers in performing the employment: ius variandi and control power. 4. A new central position for indefinite contracts within the 'flexible' contract framework? 5. "In the spirit of flexibility": a solution for which problems?

scholarly journals Working Class in Soviet and Russian Sociological Discourse

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
V. Gavriliuk ◽  
T. Gavriliuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The Object of the Study. The correlation of class and stratification approaches in Soviet and post-Soviet sociology.The Subject of the Study. New working class in Russian sociological discourse.The Purpose of the Study. The objectives are to substantiate the necessity of actualizing of the class approach in the study of modern Russian society social structure; identifying the signs of a new working class.The Main Provisions of the Article. In accordance with Marxist ideology, in Soviet sociology a working class was regarded as a protagonist of social change and a center of attraction for the forces of social change. The contemporary integration of workers into the capitalist system, the transition to the economy of the sixth order, the defeat of socialism, the global transition to a postindustrial society require to comprehend the «working question» from a new prospective. The authors actualize the problem of revealing the content and structure of the «new working class», traditional and actual methods of its theoretical conceptualization. The features of class and stratification approaches to the allocation of the working class in the structure of society have been studied. It has been shown that the excessive specification of criteria, non-critical declarative positioning of the middle class into the basis of the Russian society structure, led to a high degree of uncertainty in the model of the social structure of the Russian society of the early XXI century. The author's definition of the concept of a new working class has been given. Defining “the new working class of modern Russia”, we mean a group of employees in all spheres of material production and services whose content and nature of work are routinized and segmented; not participating in management and not having the property rights to the enterprise in which they work. Most of the times, these are workers without higher education. Power and control in the organization do not belong to them, their degree of freedom and authority in organizational structures are limited, they do not influence on the planning and control of labor

scholarly journals Dom jako miejsce emocjonalne

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kubacka
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Work ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Control

The aim of this article is to show the home as an emotional place. The sphere of social conditions, which has been neglected until recently, can help explain emotion as a social construct. Many researchers have pointed to the emotional dimension of the experience of the home and living practices. A home is a complex place, a conglomerate of three aspects: material, symbolic, and relational. The experience of domesticity can be considered to have multiple aspects and to be variable. Taking emotions into account enables a fuller understanding of the duality of household practices, in connection with both their “function” and their role in creating, recreating, and changing the rules of the social order. In this sense, a home is located between the private and public sphere, emotional authenticity and emotional work, freedom and control, socialization and de-socialization, everyday life and celebration.

Negotiating Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-148
Author(s):  
Gunnel Cederlöf
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Central Position ◽  
British India ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Chapter three elaborates the general legal debates in Britain and the British Empire, and specific and different positions through which property and land rights were argued over in the Nilgiris. Such debates came to have significant consequences for land law as it was applied in British India and shows the central position of property in the global expansion of the British Empire. The chapter distinguishes two contradictions that were common in the various colonial investigations, reports, and parliamentary debates. One concerns rights in land and resources where there were different positions about whether to privilege the immemorial rights of dwelling on and owning land, or the absolute rights of a sovereign ruler. The other debate that caused conflict related to the utility of nature and targeted specifically the use of nature for pastoralism or for settled cultivation. The chapter shows how both debates had crucial consequences for the codification of legal rights in land. It enquires into how the right of the Toda to own land was questioned and, over time and with the increasing involvement of European capital and control of the Nilgiri Hills, such ‘rights’ turned into the much weaker ‘privilege’. In the process of codifying in written law people’s rights to access and use nature, different communities of people were identified in relation to particular landscapes and their rights were determined by their perceived historical relationship to the land.

Optimal Control Design of a Bimorph Optical Beam Deflector

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Po Chao ◽  
Jeng-Sheng Huang ◽  
Ching-Lung Ou Yung ◽  
Rong-Fong Fung
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Optical Beam ◽  
Optimal Feedback Control ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
And Control

Abstract The optical beam deflector is composed of two piezoelectric layers, one sandwiched brass layer in the middle with both ends clamped and a mirror attached to the upper surface of the top piezoelectric layer in the central position. This structure is designed to deflect the mirror to a certain angular position by applying external voltage supply to piezo-layers. This study proposes an optimal angular position control scheme of the attached mirror. The governing partial differential equations are first derived for the ensuing analysis and control design, which is followed by the establishment of finite element model in ten nodes specified at some longitudinal points of the optical beam deflector. In order to achieve a faster convergent rate for the deflector to reach the desired angular position, the optimal control of LQ regulator with final states fixed is employed to explore the possibility of shorter transient response and less cost of control effort and states. The optimal feedback control is obtained based on solving a dynamic Riccati equation backward in time. The numerical simulation results are finally provided to validate the theoretical control design.

scholarly journals Forecast Possible Risk for COVID-19 Epidemic Dissemination under Current Control Strategies in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Chen ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Binxiang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Times ◽  
Robust Measures ◽  
And Control

COVID-19 has globally spread to over 4 million people and the epidemic situation in Japan is very serious. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk of COVID-19 epidemic dissemination in Japan by estimating the current state of epidemic dissemination and providing some epidemic prevention and control recommendations. Firstly, the period from 6 January to 31 March 2020 was divided into four stages and the relevant parameters were estimated according to the imported cases in Japan. The basic reproduction number of the current stage is 1.954 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.851–2.025), which means COVID-19 will spread quickly, and the self-healing rate of Japanese is about 0.495 (95% CI 0.437–0.506), with small variations in the four stages. Secondly, the results were applied to the actual reported cases from 1 to 5 April 2020, verifying the reliability of the estimated data using the accumulated reported cases located within the 95% confidence interval and the relative error of forecast data of five days being less than 2.5 % . Thirdly, considering the medical resources in Japan, the times the epidemic beds and ventilators become fully occupied are predicted as 5 and 15 May 2020, respectively. Keeping with the current situation, the final death toll in Japan may reach into the millions. Finally, based on experience with COVID-19 prevention and control in China, robust measures such as nationwide shutdown, store closures, citizens isolating themselves at home, and increasing PCR testing would quickly and effectively prevent COVID-19 spread.

The Habits and control of the Red Locust in outbreak Areas and elsewhere

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. G. Michelmore
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Red Locust ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Outbreak Areas ◽  
And Control

The best way of preventing locust outbreaks is to control them at their source. After a description of those habits of the Red Locust that have a direct bearing on control, an account is given of some of the results of three years' experience of control of this species in an outbreak area. The methods used in Rukwa are described in detail, and attention is drawn to their relative efficacy, advantages and difficulties. A number of other methods are also referred to and their values discussed. Control methods are considered with special reference to conditions in Rukwa and other outbreak areas, and in relation to large scale campaigns against large outbreaks. Conclusions on the relative values of the various methods are summarised below. These values depend both on the habits of the locusts and on the ecological, economic and social conditions of a country in which a campaign is to be waged. It must not be assumed that conclusions about control methods reached with one locust or in one country necessarily apply to another locust or another country.

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