scholarly journals COVID 19 The pandemic and Price Volatility: An Analysis of Hospitality Industry in Emerging Market Economy - Case Study of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Gloria A Ntacho ◽  
Seif Muba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Price Movement ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
Short Run

Hotel industries have had the most impact in most of the countries as people went into lockdowns and quarantines as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed at assessing the degree of price change in relation to the profit of hotels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tanzania has been considered to represent developing countries that have taken a different course in a fight against the pandemic. Price movement determines the reaction from customers and therefore performance. This study prepared to identify the knowledge gap on how supply shocks affecting prices of hotels caused by COVID-19 pandemic that are beyond control, especially on a developing country like Tanzania could have on the performance of hotels and whether the recovery of such recession can be predicted in the short run. Movement in supply, demand and management strategies were regarded as an indicator of the direction of the performance of hotels in Tanzania pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative analysis for a period of two years, 2019 to 2021, for a sample of two hotels in Dar es salaam which are 5- star hotels. Focus group discussion was used as a way to collect data along with secondary data. The regression analysis has been adopted to analyse secondary data after considering the correlation between variables in the study. Performance of hotels was measured using daily demand generated in pre and during the pandemic period against changes in prices influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. The study found out that the influence of price movement during the pandemic period was not significant enough to have led to the deteriorating performance of hotels in Tanzania. However, hotel performance deteriorated as a result of other contributing factors such as a fall in occupancy rate, lack of markets and increasing additional costs to fight against the pandemic, supply shocks which led to a fall in efficiency. It was evidenced that this was highly triggered by the overdependence of hotels on foreign markets. Travelling restrictions and lockdowns cultivated the deteriorating performance in hotels even though Tanzania never went into lockdown. However, hotel management adopted measures to contain the impacts through various ways, such as cutting down costs and revising prices. The study concluded and recommended that Tanzania hotels management should adopt flexible strategies on pricing that would accommodate unprecedented events that are beyond the control of the market forces (demand and supply). This would enable management to have decisions that reflect the condition in the country and not get influence from companies within the group situated in other countries.

scholarly journals Governance of public spending avenues by oil prices, oil revenues, and GDP in Saudi Arabia: proportionate sensitivity and trend analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Anis Ali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Impact

Saudi Arabia is a petroleum resource-rich country, and half of the GDP of Saudi Arabia is based on the Oil Sector Revenue (OSR). The OSR is governed by the Oil Prices (OP), while GDP is also affected by the OSR in petroleum exporting companies. The volatility of OP governs the OSR and GDP positively and perfectly as the oil sector contributes approximately half of the GDP of Saudi Arabia. The study analyzes the governance of the Public Spending Avenues (PSA) by the OP, OSR, and GDP in the long and short run and based on the secondary data taken from the website of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA). Coefficient of Variations (CV), Chain-based Index (CBI) numbers, Fixed-based Index (FBI) numbers, and Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) of OP and other dependent variables calculated to get the normality, sensitivity, trend, and significance difference among the sensitivity and trend of variables, while Pearson’s correlations establish the cause-effect relationship among the variables. The study reveals that oil price volatility does not affect the OSR, GDP, and ultimately public spending in the long run. However, there is governance of volatility of OP that can be seen on OSR, GDP, and ultimately on PSA in the short run. Saudi Arabian government enhances its spending on PSA and especially on education while lowering the OP. There is a need to diversify the income resources to minimize the reliability of oil prices and budget deficit and consider the sensitivity of oil prices on the economy by the policymakers to formulate the policies to minimize the impact of volatility of OP on the economy. AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.  

scholarly journals Disentangling Corn Price Volatility: The Role of Global Demand, Speculation, and Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Lu McPhail ◽  
Xiaodong Du ◽  
Andrew Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Short Run

Despite extensive literature on contributing factors to the high commodity prices and volatility in the recent years, few have examined these causal factors together in one analysis. We quantify empirically the relative importance of three factors: global demand, speculation, and energy prices/policy in explaining corn price volatility. A structural vector auto-regression model is developed and variance decomposition is applied to measure the contribution of each factor in explaining corn price variation. We find that speculation is important, but only in the short run. However, in the long run, energy is the most important followed by global demand.

scholarly journals Oil price movements, exchange rate and Nigerian manufacturing sector growth: a short-run analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Adeleke Omolade ◽  
Harold Ngalawa
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Price Movements

The paper conducts a short-run analysis of the implications of oil price movements and exchange rate relationship for the Nigerian manufacturing sector growth between January 2008 and September 2017. Monthly data are extracted on variables such as oil price, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest (lending) rate, money supply and the manufacturing sector growth rate. Oil price movements are viewed in terms of both volatility and change. While EGARCH is used to estimate oil price volatility, oil price change is measured using Hamilton index for both oil price sharp drop and jump. The SVAR results indicate that exchange rate and inflation rate are more responsive to sharp drop in oil price. The two variables also have the highest impact on the manufacturing sector growth. Findings further indicate that Nigerian manufacturing sector is more affected at the cost side than the output side. This underscores the importance of tackling the inflation pressure in Nigeria from the structural perspective as against the monetary perspective.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI LAUT DAERAH GILI SULAT DAN GILI LAWANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Hakim Miftakhul Huda ◽  
Yesi Dewita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits

Tingginya intensitas aktivitas penangkapan ikan telah menyebabkan degradasi sumber daya ikan pada beberapa daerah penangkapan ikan. Salah satu langkah untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dan meminimalkan degradasi sumber daya ikan adalah membentuk kawasan konservasi laut daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD) Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode valuasi ekonomi sumber daya untuk menganalisis gabungan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total nilai manfaat KKLD Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang adalah Rp 8,99 milyar per tahun yang meliputi manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengelolaan terhadap KKLD ditinjau dari biaya, aktor atau pelaku dan aktivitas pengelolaan sampai saat ini belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya menyusun strategi pengelolaan yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan maksud dan tujuan dibentuknya KKLD. Tittle:  Utilization and Management of The Gili Sulat and The Gili Lawang Regional Marine Conservation Area.Highly intensive of fishing activities lead to degradation of fish resources in some fishing grounds. One effort to maintain sustainability of fish resources and minimize its degradation is to establish local marine conservation areas. This study aims to analyze utilization and management of Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang local marine conservation areas (or locally known as KKLD) in Wes Nusa Tenggara Province. This study applies economic valuation methods to analyze combination of primary and secondary data. Results of this study show that annual total benefit values of Gili Sulat-Gili Gili Lawang KKLD is IDR 8,99 billion which includes direct and indirect benefits. In terms of costs, actors and management activities, current management of KKLD is less optimal. Therefore, this study recommends to develop appropriate management strategies to optimize the purposes of KKLD establishment.

scholarly journals Manajemen Pariwisata di Pulau Padar, Taman Nasional Komodo, Labuan Bajo

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Maria Feninsia Asni Gabur ◽  
Made Sukana
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Park Area

Padar Island as one of the main tourist attraction is part of Komodo National Park in Labuan Bajo. Its tourism potential become more in demand compared to Komodo and Rinca Island. The practice of tourism in this Komodo National Park area does not readily claim the management of tourism especially. The focuses of the Office Komodo National Park are conservation and preservation.  This study uses primary and secondary data sources with qualitative and quantitative data types. Methods of collecting data through observation, interviews, and documents with the determination of informants using purposive procedure techniques, and use data analysis qualitatively.  The result of this study answer three main problems raised, namely the first on the tourism profile of Padar Island relate to the basis of attraction, accessibility, amenities and ancillary. The second is relate to tourism management including demand and supply, the influence of tourism on natural conditions, forms of interaction of tourist with local communities and benefits gained by the community with tourism activities on Padar Island and the third is relate to resource management strategies on Padar Island by parties Komodo National Park.   Keywords: Profile, Tourism, Management, Strategy, Resource

scholarly journals A Case Study of Dairy-Based Farmer Producer Company in Haryana: Collective Action Approach for Enhancing Farmer Income

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Devendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Vishnu Shankar Meena
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
High Price ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

The concept behind Farmer Producer Organizations is that farmers, who are the producers of agricultural products, can form groups and register themselves under the Indian Companies Act 1956. The aim is to enhance farmer’s income, capacity building, competitiveness, and increase their advantage in emerging market opportunities. To examine the role of farmer producer organization in enhancing farmers, a case study was conducted in Karnal District of Haryana. Study the management and governance system of FPC and assess the impact of FPC on members was the objective of the case study. Personal interviews and group discussion methods were used for data collection and gathering information on FPC. Mishti farmer producer organization was established on 25 march 2013 for collecting, processing, and marketing milk and milk products. It covered eight villages of Karnal and collect raw milk from members and non-members farmers at high price than other value chain actors. The result of the study indicate that farmer who supplies milk to FPC, get 8-10 rupee per lit high price than others. It also provides bonus to member farmers who are shareholders of the company and their income from dairy farming is enhanced by 25-30 percent. FPC also plays a significant role in enhancing the backward and forward linkage of farmers and capacity building of farmers in different agricultural aspect.  Members of FPC are highly satisfied with the services provided by FPC and its performance in local areas.

scholarly journals The representation and tenure of female principals in public enterprises in emerging markets: A protracted dearth?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Ralph Marenga
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Female Principals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Implementation Gaps

The reduced representation and tenure of women as public enterprise (PE) principals in Namibia as an emerging market and developing country are concerning (Mboti, 2014; Menges, 2020). The contributing factors are an element literature fails to address explicitly in the Namibian case. This paper, therefore, aims to consolidate evidence on whether the underrepresentation and limited tenures of female principals in Namibian PEs signal a protracted dearth of women in such positions. Methodically, a desk review is used to analyse the literature. Key findings of this paper identify the absence of top-down hands-on leadership; legal and policy implementation gaps; failure to declare gender diversity as imperative in the public sector; failure to focus on helping women gain broad line experience early on, among others, as contributing factors that have disadvantaged female principals in Namibian PEs. The challenges women face in being appointed or completing their tenure as PE principals over the years signal a protracted dearth of women in positions of PE principals in Namibia. Understanding these dynamics is relevant for enhancing Namibia’s policy efforts to curb the further proliferation of patriarchy as nuanced in the glass ceiling. This paper recommends the robust implementation of existing anti-patriarchy legislation.

scholarly journals Substitution Program in Indonesia and Australia as Health Promotion Model at Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Oktia Woro Kasmini Handayani ◽  
Doune Macdonald ◽  
Louise McCuaig ◽  
Tandiyo Rahayu ◽  
Irwan Budiono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
School Health ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Health Promotion Model ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
And Control

Obesity has been increasing as much as twice on age 6-12 years. The increase is happening both in Indonesia and Australia. The objective of this research is to construct a program model in Australia that can be substituted to be a health promotion model at School in effort to suppress child obesity. Research was conducted in 2014 with qualitative approach. Instruments used are as follow 1) Secondary data filling form 2) In depth interview guidence instrument 3) FGD (Focus Group Discussion) and BST (Brain Storming Technique). The informations were obtained by purposive and snowball technique. Data analysis by Miles and Huberman model. Substitution model is based on consideration that applied model has potential to be developed and other models whether internal or external ones in Indonesia. The model will be substituted by considering school condition and situation. School Health Unit (SKU) is a potential platform to promote health by these activities 1) Formal health education as taken place curricullum 2) Informal health education in forms of (1) health education information (2) Self health behaviour monitoring and control (3) Health promotion by doing healthy life (4) distribution of health education booklet to teachers and parents.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF LEARNING MODELS DEVICE NETWORK APPLICATION INITIATIVE FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY SKILLS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnadi Purnadi ◽  
Tri Kuat ◽  
Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Curriculum Innovation ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Business World ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Network Application

Competence of Vocational High School (VHS) students can be qualified, if students have competence in accordance with industry needs. The synchronization of the curriculum with the industry is absolutely necessary, so the school is not left behind by the development of the business world and the industrial world. The development of learning model should always be updated or done curriculum innovation, so that schools can synergize with DUDI. This study aims to (1) to know the implementation of the Device Network Application Initiative learning model, (2) to know the advantages and disadvantages of applying the Device Network Application Initiative learning model, (3) to know the effectiveness of the learning model of the Device Network Application Initiative for the Department of Technology and Information. The learning model of the Device Network Application Initiative (DNA Initiative) (the DNA curriculum) is the application of industrial curriculum to VHS education. Model innovation. The business world and the industrial world (dunia usaha dunia industry/DUDI) are more confident with students who get their learning materials of industry standard. This study uses a qualitative method. The research was conducted by observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis techniques. Secondary data in the form of documentation is used to support the research. Focus Group Discussion by presenting DUDI, curriculum experts, industrial class managers, user / user graduates, teachers and testimonials, concluded that the implementation of the Device Network Application Initiative learning model for vocational students is very effective andappropriate. The contribution to schools is the implementation of process concept that schools are industrial environments or industrial replicas.

scholarly journals Modeling and Forecasting Gold Prices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam-Quarm ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Gold Price ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Open Interest ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Japanese Yen

The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons of gold price volatility. It analyses the information function of the gold future market by open interest contracts as speculation effect, and further fundamental factors including inflation, Chinese yuan per dollar, Japanese yen per dollar, dollar per euro, interest rate, oil price, and stock price, in the short-run. The study proceeds to build a Dynamic OLS model for long-run equilibrium to produce reliable gold price forecasts using the following variables: gold demand, gold supply, inflation, USD/SDR exchange rate, speculation, interest rate, oil price, and stock prices. Findings prove that in the short-run, changes in gold price does granger cause changes in open interest, and changes in Japanese yen per dollar does granger cause changes in gold price. However, in the long-run, the results prove that gold demand, gold supply, USD/SDR exchange rate, inflation, speculation, interest rate, and oil price are associated in a long-run relationship.References

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