Preparation of Rapidly Disintegrating Glipizide Tablets by Surface Solid Dispersion through Superdisintegrants

The objective of this investigation was to enhance the dissolution of glipizide using solid dispersions containing different superdisintegrants and to prepare rapidly disintegrating glipizide tablets with rapid absorption through the oral cavity by direct compression of the prepared solid dispersion. Primojel, Ac-Di-Sol and Kollidon CL were used as superdisintegrants. These excipients were used in different ratios and by using solvent evaporation method, rapidly disintegrating glipizide tablets were prepared by direct compression of the prepared solid dispersion, as well as, by camphor sublimation method aiming for more enhancing of tablet disintegration. Glipizide loaded with Kollidon CL showed the best dissolution properties compared to the other tested excipients. The physical properties of all the prepared GZ tablet formulations were found to be acceptable according to USP/NF2002. Kollidon CL containing formulations showed the most rapid disintegration time values reaching one second in tablets prepared by camphor sublimation method. The most effective formula in decreasing the blood glucose level was that containing glipizide loaded with Kollidon CL, with significant difference from the physically mixed ingredients or the pure GZ powder depending on Student’s T-test for area above the blood glucose level.

Download Full-text

Preparation and Evaluation of Glipizide Tablets Containing both Enhanced and Sustained Release Solid Dispersions

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.4.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 714-725

Author(s):

Adel M. Aly ◽

Ahmed S. Ali

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Solid Dispersions ◽

Solvent Evaporation ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Solvent Evaporation Method ◽

Evaporation Method ◽

Tablet Formulations

: Glipizide (GZ) is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class characterized by its poor aqueous solubility. Aiming for the production of GZ tablets with rapid onset of action followed by prolonged effect; GZ-Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 and 6000) solid dispersions with different ratios, (using melting and solvent evaporation method), as well as, coprecipitate containing GZ with polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared. Four tablet formulations were prepared containing; a) GZ alone, b) GZ: PEG6000, 1:10, c) GZ:PMMA 1:3, and, d)both GZ:PEG6000 1:10 and GZ:PMMA 1:3. The solvent evaporation method showed more enhancement of GZ solubility than the melting one, and this solubilizing effect increased with PEG increment. Generally, PEG6000 showed more enhancement of dissolution than PEG4000 especially at 1:10 drug: polymer ratio (the most enhancing formula). Also, the prepared tablet formulations showed acceptable physical properties according to USP/NF requirements. The dissolution results revealed that tablets containing PEG6000 (1:10) have the most rapid release rate, followed by the formula containing both PEG6000 and PMMA, while that including PMMA alone showed the slowest dissolution rate. Moreover, In-vivo studies for each of the above four formulations, were performed using four mice groups. The most effective formula in decreasing the blood glucose level, through the first 6 hours, was that containing GZ and PEG6000, 1:10. However, formula containing the combination of enhanced and sustained GZ was the most effective in decreasing the blood glucose level through 16 hours. Successful in-vitro in-vivo correlations could be detected between the percent released and the percent decreasing of blood glucose level after 0.5 hours.

Download Full-text

Comparison between the QRMA Measurement with the Anamnesis and the Capillary Blood Glucose Test

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v14i2.6154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Muflih Muflih ◽

Suwarsi Suwarsi ◽

Fajarina Lathu Asmarani

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Blood Sugar Level ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glucose Test

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The examination of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be done by reviewing their complaints and through a capillary blood glucose level test to determine the value of their Random Blood Glucose Level. QRMA (Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer) is claimed to be able to check the patient’s bodily condition (including blood glucose) with an accuracy of 85%. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the QRMA tool and its accuracy by comparing the results of the anamnesis and the examination conducted using the capillary blood glucose test method.Methods: The research method used was a cross-sectional design. The total sample consisted of 44 respondents in the working area of the Community Health Centers in Yogyakarta with the risk factor being blood sugar level instability. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The main variable in this study was the value of the blood sugar level measured based on the coefficient value of the QRMA tool and the value of Random Blood Glucose obtained through the capillary blood glucose test.Results: The blood glucose value was not correlated significantly with the coefficient value of QRMA. The value of blood glucose when examined alongside the result of the respondent's anamnesis showed there to be a significant difference. The value of the QRMA coefficient when examined against the results from the history of the respondents showed no significant difference. Linear regression showed that the variables of height, body weight, and IMT had a correlation with the QRMA coefficient value.Conclusion: The QRMA tool was not able to provide a picture of the actual condition of the blood glucose level of the respondents when compared with the results of the anamnesis and the blood glucose value from the capillary blood glucose test. Non-invasive health measurement devices such as QRMA are not used by nurses as a standard for determining the health status of DM patients.

Download Full-text

Impact of muscle mass on blood glucose level

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Murtada Taha ◽

Yaser A. AlNaam ◽

Thekra Al Maqati ◽

Lenah Almusallam ◽

Gharam Altalib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objectives At present, diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. It was hypothesized that muscle mass could have a significant influence on blood glucose level and this corelation if established successfully could pave way for novel treatment modalities for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, the association between muscle mass and blood glucose level was examined in a healthy population who was not having T2DM at baseline and was undergoing a regular course of exercise. Methods The clinical study was performed involving 53 healthy male populations between 10 and 60 years of age. The participants were sampled in accordance with the quantitative experimental study design, using nonprobability sampling techniques. The independent variable measured among the subjects included muscle mass and blood glucose level, using bioelectrical impedance and a simple glucometer respectively. Subgroup analysis amongst different substantial parameters including body mass index (BMI), myostatin inhibitor usage, and age factor that could affect the muscle mass and glucose level correlation were also studied simultaneously. Results The study findings demonstrated a negative correlation between muscle mass and glucose utilization levels. There was a significant difference in the mean muscle mass of the participants which was 36.2453, and the mean glucose utilization level which was 15.1493%. Pearson correlation between the muscle mass and percentage of glucose utilization of the participants indicated a significant difference (since p-value <0.05) between these two studied parameters. Conclusions The study finding suggests an inverse association of the skeletal muscle mass with blood glucose level which encourages the implication of muscle-building exercises as the preventive measure for T2DM.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Aishwarya Pramod Benkar ◽

Smita Bhimrao Kanase

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of death and disability in the world and its prevalence is predicted to rise to 10% by 2030. Hence, this study is conducted with objectives to find out the effect of aerobic exercises and resisted exercises on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and to compare the effect of both exercises on blood glucose level.Method: The comparative study was conducted at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Physiotherapy department, Karad. 30 participants with age group between 30 and 65 years were taken. Subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A (15) participants were given aerobic exercise on static bicycle, and Group B (15) participants were given resistance training using dumbbells and weight cuffs for 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Diet recommendations were given to every participant.Results: Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired t-test. Analysis showed statistically extremely significant difference in fasting blood glucose level and postprandial blood glucose level in both the groups (p≤0.0001).Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that both aerobic exercises and resistance training prove to be beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM subjects.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh suplementasi β-carotene terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kadar malondialdehida pada tikus sprague dawley yang diinduksi Streptozotocin

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.2.2.41-46 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Elida Soviana ◽

Banundari Rachmawati ◽

Nyoman Suci Widyastiti

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Decrease Blood Glucose ◽

Β Carotene

Background : Hyperglycemia on diabetes mellitus can cause increasing of free radicals production. Free radicals caused lipid peroxidation reaction by forming malondialdehyde (MDA). β-carotene has antioxidant activity may inhibit the formation of ROS.Objective : To prove the effect of multilevel doses β-carotene 1 mg/kg BW, 20 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW on alternate days within 30 days orally supplementation on blood glucose level and MDA level on Sprague Dawley male rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods : Thirty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: X1=Negative control/diabetic, X2 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 1 mg/kg BW), X3 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 10mg/kg BW), X4 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 20 mg/kg BW), X5 (technic control/non diabetic). β-Carotene supplementation was given by nasogastric tube on alternate days within thirty days. Blood glucose level was measured by GOD-PAP and MDA level by ELISA with TBARS methods. Data was analized using paired t-test, wilcoxon, one way anova and post hoc bonferroni. Results : there was a significant difference of blood glucose level (p = 0,0001) and MDA level (p = 0,0001) after suplementation β-carotene on alternate days within 30 days orally. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW was the most effective and efficient dose to lowering blood glucose, while 20 mg/kg BW to lowering MDA level. Conclusion : The multilevel doses β-carotene (1 mg/kg BW, 10 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW) on alternate days within 30 days orally supplementation can decrease blood glucose and MDA level. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW is the most effecetive and efficient to decrease blood glucose and β-carotene 20 mg/kg BW to decrease MDA level.

Download Full-text

Prospective analysis of glycemic variability in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: modified Leuven’s adjustment process versus conventional adjustment process

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060517738396 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 1505-1516

Author(s):

Bing Xue ◽

Shiyan Ruan ◽

Ping Xie ◽

Kaixuan Yan ◽

Zhi'e Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Early Stage ◽

Glycemic Variability ◽

Adjustment Process ◽

Significant Difference

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the effect of two different methods of controlling glycemic variability (GV) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) undergoing surgery. Methods Patients with STBI were randomly grouped into a conventional adjustment process (CAP) group and modified Leuven’s adjustment process (mLAP) group. Each group included 50 patients. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored and data were recorded and analyzed. Results The mean blood glucose level was stable in both groups for 5 days postoperatively with no significant difference. The standard deviation of the blood glucose level, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and glycemic lability index were significantly higher in the CAP than mLAP group for the first 2 days. In the final 3 days, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. The incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly higher in the CAP than mLAP group on the first day. This value gradually declined during the following 4 days, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion The mLAP produced more favorable results than the CAP for GV control in the early stage after surgery for STBI.

Download Full-text

Comparing the effect of ladies’ finger water with fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Clinical Trials ◽

10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20210140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Radhika R. ◽

Navaneetha M. ◽

Ravichandran K. ◽

Hemavathi P.

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fenugreek Seeds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: The primary aim of managing diabetes is to maintain blood glucose level to prevent diabetes induced complications. Studies showed that ladies finger and fenugreek seeds are blood sugar stabilizer. The objective of this randomized active controlled trial was to assess the effect of ladies finger water versus fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subject with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Total of 180 study participants were selected and equally assigned to three groups by computer generated randomization. Group 1-received ladies finger water and oral antidiabetic drug (OAD); group 2-received fenugreek seeds water and OAD; group 3-received only OAD for 15 days. Pre and post intervention fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed by accu-chek Performa glucometer. Wilcoxon signed rank test; one-way analysis of covariance followed by post hoc test with Bon-ferroni correction was done.Results: Analysis was done based on 168 subjects. There was a significant reduction in FBS level with the mean difference of group 1-21.0 mg/dl (p<0.001), group 2-20.3 mg/dl (p<0.001) and group 3-4.7 mg/dl (p=0.068). No significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p=1.00), but significant difference found between group 1 and group 3 (p=0.032); group 2 and group 3 (p=0.012). Both ladies finger water and fenugreek seeds water were superior in reduction of FBS than OAD.Conclusions: Ladies finger water or fenugreek seeds water can be used as adjunct along with OAD to control type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

Relation between Katsaridaphobia and Blood Glucose Level

Journal of Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.33140/jcei.04.01.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Long Time ◽

Normal Fasting Glucose ◽

Student’S T ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Student’S T Test

Blood glucose refers to the amount of sugar (glucose) in your blood, also known as Serum Glucose Level. Increased blood sugar level for a long time can damage the blood vessels. Normal Fasting Glucose level in blood is 70 – 100 mg/dl, while sugar level after two hours of eating (Random) must be below 140 mg/dl. In this project, we are discussing about phobia of cockroaches named as Katsaridaphobia. Main objective behind this study was to find interrelation between katsaridaphobia and blood glucose level. This project was carried out by conducting a questionnaire in 130 students of university. A simple glucometer was used to measure sugar levels of students. . Student’s t-test was performed for statistical analysis.

Download Full-text

Ekstrak air daun ceplikan (Ruellia tuberosa L.) serta pengaruhnya terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan gambaran histologis pankreas tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) diabetes mellitus

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17713 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Taufan Hendra Tandri ◽

Wiryatun Lestariana ◽

Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Effective Control ◽

White Rats ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Effective control of blood glucose and activities of antioxidant are key factors that prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. There are lots of herbal plants that have those both effects. Ceplikan leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) is a traditional medicine which is empirically used to lower blood glucose level. Instead of antioxidant compound, there is assumed other compound in ceplikan leaves that has side effect to pancreatic beta cells.Objective: To identify the effect of ceplikan leaves extract to blood glucose level and pancreas histology description in white diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus).Method: Thirty subjects of Wistar strain male white rats of 2-3 months old and of 150-200 grams weight were made diabetic with aloxan and randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I consisted of diabetic rats with aquadest, group II with glibenclamide, and Group III-V were given extract of ceplikan leaves in different concentrations that were 1.6 mg, 3.2 mg, and 6.4mg, respectively. Treatment was given orally per day within 30 days. Level of blood glucose was measured in the day of 0, 3, 4, and 30. Statistical analysis used repeated measures and t-test.Result: The supply of ceplikan leaves extract could reduce level of blood glucose of diabetic rats, although the decrease was insignificant. Average diameter of wider Langerhans island occurred to the group of diabetic rats that were given extract of ceplikan leaves dosage 6.4 mg. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in changes of blood glucose level before and after experiment in diabetic rats. Pancreas histological description of rats showed that there was improvement as indicated by greater quantity of Langerhans Island and wider diameter of Langerhans Island.Conclusion: Ceplikan leaves was safe and efficacious, so that self-medication of DM using ceplikan leaves could be sustained through formal approach.

Download Full-text

Anti-Diabetic Activity of Polypeptide-K Isolated from Momordica Charantia: A Retrospective Study of 142 Cases

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 2007-2015

Author(s):

Yong Yean Sirn ◽

Lee Cheng Lok ◽

Pak Hoe Weng ◽

Zuraini Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Nazrul Hakim

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

T Test ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Significant Difference

Diabetes Mellitus occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin, or the body is unable to use the insulin produced effectively. In order to regulate the blood glucose of diabetic patients, Diabegard®, a herbal antidiabetic medicine and daily supplement, contains polypeptide-k which exists in the seed of Momordica Charantia (bitter gourd) was prescribed. Purpose: A retrospective study is therefore done with the aim to examine the effectiveness of Diabegard®, polypeptide-k in regulating the blood glucose and cholesterol level of diabetic patients who took Diabegard® for four weeks with a dose of 60 mg per day. Methods: A database record of 105 male and 37 female (ages 25-81) treated with Diabegard®, polypeptide-k was assessed. The effectiveness of Diabegard®, polypeptide-k in blood glucose regulation was determined based on four aspects: gender, three different age categories, four different categories of duration of the disease and five different categories of severity of the disease. The Pearson's correlation was used to find the correlation among variables. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the means of pre- and post-treatment of blood glucose level. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of different groups for each aspect. Results: Result showed that age and duration of disease (r2=0.469), pre-treatment of blood glucose and post-treatment of blood glucose (r2=0.606) showed positive relationship. Both paired sample T-test of pre-and post-treatment of blood glucose showed significant difference (p<0.05). Categories with very mild (7 mmol/L), severe (13.9-19.4mmol/L) and very severe (>19.4mmol/L) diabetes showed significant difference (p<0.05). Other tests showed no significant difference. Conclusion: In conclusion, this present retrospective study showed that Diabegard®, polypeptide-k was effective in controlling blood glucose level of all diabetic patients especially in patients with mild (26.87% reduction), severe (40.43% reduction) and very severe diabetes (49.27% reduction).

Download Full-text