scholarly journals Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Dan Indeks Massa Tubuh Pada Akseptor Suntik Kombinasi Dan Suntik Depo Medroxyprogesteron Asetat (DMPA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohmi Handayani ◽  
Siti Yulaikah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract: Blood Pressure, BMI, and Injectable DMPA Injectable Combination. Hormonal contraception is a type of contraception most widely used by women,especially in developed countries because of this effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. Hormonal contraceptives are currently available can be pills, injections or implants. Although effective in preventing pregnancy on the other hand can cause various side effects include is weight gain and increased blood pressure in the acceptor.The purpose of this reasearch is to determine differences in blood pressure rise acceptor combination hormonal injections and blood pressure acceptor DMPA injections and to determine differences in body mass index increase acceptors injectable hormonal combination with a body mass index in injectable DMPA acceptors.Type of this reasearch is an analytic survey with cross sectional study design. The population in this study are all injectable acceptor in the Klaten area totaling 95 512 acceptors. The sample size is 500 samples taken which comprises a group acceptor and acceptor combined injectable DMPA injections. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. Analysis of data using non-parametric test with Mann Whitney test.There was no significant difference between the increase in systolic blood pressure acceptor and acceptor combined injectable DMPA injections, P = 0.338. There was no significant difference between the increase in diastolic blood pressure acceptor and acceptor combined injectable DMPA injections, P = 0,917.there was significant difference between the increase in BMI acceptor and acceptor combined injectable DMPA injections, P = 0.000.There was no significant difference between the increase in blood pressure and acceptor acceptor combined injectable DMPA injections. There is a significant difference between the increase in BMI acceptor and acceptor combined injectable DMPA injections.

scholarly journals A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON BLOOD PRESSURE, STRESS AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AMONG BSC NURSING STUDENTS IN A SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING UDUPI DISTRICT

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 003-007
Author(s):  
Sheen Helen ◽  
Tessy Treesa Jose ◽  
Asha K Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
College Of Nursing ◽  
Pressure Stress

AbstractIncreasing trend of hypertension and overweight have become a global health problem among youngsters. Over weight is strongly related to high blood pressure and the consequences of the increasing prevalence of overweight will be enormous in the future. Students in nursing profession are adolescents and they may have adjustment problems with new surroundings such as hostel, hospital and new curriculum. The stress experienced may predispose them to have increased blood pressure. A Cross sectional, correlational survey was conductedon blood pressure, stress and body mass index (BMI) among 200 BSc. Nursing Students in a selected college of nursing in Udupi District. The objectives of the study were to determine the blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and stress level of BSc nursing students, to compare the BP, BMI and stress of various batches of BSc nursing students and to determine the relationship among Blood pressure, BMI and stress. It is observed that 45% of the subjects were in pre hypertensive stage, and 3% in hypertension stage. Majority of the subjects had normal BMI. Moderate stress was experienced by 95.5% of the subjects. Study found a weak but positive correlation between BMI and BP and negative correlation with stress. A significant difference was found in mean stress score among four batches of students. There was no significant difference in BMI and BP of four batches of students. As nursing students experience stress, adequate support structures for clinical areas, preceptorshipprogrammes and the availability of student counselling services may be helpful to cope with the stress experienced.

scholarly journals KORELASI INDEKS MASA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Angelia Friska Tendean
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hypertension has become a serious problem in worldwide. The most factor causes hypertension is obesity or overweight. The main purpose of this study was to determine correlation Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure at Kinamang Village. The design in this study was cross sectional study. The sample was used non probability sampling with accidental sampling technique. Sample of this study were 89 respondents. The results were showed most category BMI were normal category 48,3%, systolic and diastolic category were prehypertension 53,9% and 34,8%. The analysis was using spearman correlation and the result showed BMI and systolic p value 0,001<0,05 with r=0,360 and diastolic p 0,000<0,05 with r=0,389. The conclusion is there was statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and blood pressure both systolic and diastolic. The higher BMI then blood pressure will increase both systolic and diastolic.   Keywords: Body Mass Index; Blood Pressure   Abstrak Hipertensi sudah menjadi masalah yang serius di dunia. Obesitas atau kelebihan berat badan merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling sering menyebabkan hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) dan tekanan darah di desa Kinamang. Desain penilitian yang digunakan menggunakan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan non probability samping dengan teknik pengambilan accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel yang didapat 89 responden. Hasil penelitian yang didapat kategori Indeks masa tubuh terbanyak dalam kategori normal 48,3%, kategori tekanan darah sistolik terbanyak kategori prehipertensi 53,9% dan kategori tekanan darah diastolik terbanyak kategori prehipertensi 34,8%. Hasil analisa korelasi menggunakan spearman correlation didapati korelasi IMT dengan tekanan darah sistolik p 0,001<0,05 dengan r=0,360 dan korelasi IMT dengan tekanan darah diastolik p 0,000<0,05 dengan r=0,389. Kesimpulan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dengan tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik. Semakin meningkat IMT maka tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik akan meningkat.   Kata Kunci: Indeks Masa Tubuh; Tekanan Darah

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME SYMPTOMATOLOGY

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-702
Author(s):  
NAZISH HAYAT ◽  
SAIMA PERVEEN ◽  
SEEMI GHAFFAR
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome refers distressing somatic and psychological symptoms, inthe absence of organic or underlying psychiatric diseases, which regularly occurs in the luteal phase ofmenstrual (ovarian) cycle and which disappears or significantly regresses by the end of menstruation.OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of psychological, social and physical symptoms in relation tobody mass index, in patients with premenstrual syndrome.MATERIAL & METHODS: It was a cross sectional, prospective, observational study conducted fromMay 2010 to April 2011, in Out Patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post GraduateMedical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. By purposive non-probability sampling technique,150 subjects were selected among attendants of regular patients, after fulfilling inclusion criterion ofreproductive age women, in age group of 15-40years. Body Mass Index (kg/m2) was recorded andcategorized, as low (<18.5), normal (18.5 and <25), over weight (25 and <30) and obese (>30).Premenstrual symptoms were recorded through Quantification of severity of psychological, social andphysical symptoms, for two consecutive symptomatic cycles. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.Mean±SD, frequency and percentages were used for numerical and categorical variables, respectively.Chi-Square test was used to compare the proportion of premenstrual syndrome at different BMIs. Pvalue < 0.05 was taken as significant between pairs of variables.RESULTS: A total of 150 female patients were included in the study. Mean age was 26±6.2 years (15-45). About 61% (n=91) were unmarried, 38% (n=57) were married, and one case each of widow anddivorced. Mean body mass index was 24.5±3.6 kg/m . About 10% (n=15) subjects had low BMI, 52%(n=79) had normal BMI, while 30% (n=45) were overweight and 7% (n= l 1) were obese. Psychologicalsymptoms were present in 45% (n=68) of patients, followed by 42% (n=64) and 59% (n=89), of patientshaving social and physical symptoms, respectively. There was a general trend of more psychologicalsymptoms in overweight and obese group, with no statistically significant difference. Those patientswith low to normal BMI has less chances of having social symptoms. Physical symptoms were morefrequently observed in obese group, with no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of symptomatologyof premenstrual syndrome among the studied categories of Body Mass Index.KEY WORDS: Premenstural syndrome, Body Mass Index

scholarly journals Association of tibiofemoral angle, quadriceps angle and body mass index in a selected adolescent population

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Joseph O Umunnah ◽  
Chukwudi M Ogbueche ◽  
Chigozie I Uchenwoke ◽  
Adaora J Okemuo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and quadriceps angle (QA) are important in the evaluation of patients with knee pathologies associated with these angles. Objectives: This study investigated correlations among TFA, QA and body mass index (BMI) among Nigerian adolescent population. Methods: A total of 519 (262 males and 257 females) adolescents aged between 10-18 years selected by stratified random sampling technique from some randomly selected schools in Nnewi metropolis. This study utilised the cross-sectional survey design. A height meter and bathroom weighing scale were used to collect data for BMI while a universal plastic goniometer was used to measure TFA and QA. Independent t- test, paired t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used to analyse the data obtained. Results: Findings of this study showed there was significant difference between right and left QA of males (t= 2.824; p= 0.005), and females (t= -2.012; p= 0.045) with the right QA been higher than the left in both males and females. Males have a higher TFA and QA (p<0.05 in all cases) than females. A significant negative correlation was found between BMI and right TFA (p=0.034), and between TFA and QA (p= <0.0001). Conclusion: TFA positively significantly correlated with QA, with males having higher QA and TFA than females. The obtained information is important in the assessment and management of knee pathologies associated with these angles. Keywords: Tibiofemoral angle; quadriceps angle; body mass index; selected adolescent population.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Wanita Usia Subur di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesian Family Life Survey 5)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Theni Yuniarti ◽  
Amrina Rosyada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The incidence of hypertension in women is 36.9%, allegedly related to hormonal changes triggered by the use of hormonal contraceptives. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of hormonal contraception on the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age. Methods: This cross-sectional study used IFLS 2014 data and involved 7,097 participants who were selected using multistage random sampling technique. The research variables included age, education, work status, physical activity, stress, use and length of time being a hormonal family planning acceptor, work status, blood pressure and obesity. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically using logistic regression. Results: The incidence of hypertension reached 27.2%, and the multivariate analysis showed the significant correlation with age and duration of hormonal contraceptive use (p=0.000; PR=2.809; 95%-CI=2.516-3.136 and p=0.000; PR=1.002; 95% -CI=1.001-1.003). Conclusion: The incidence of hypertension in hormonal contraceptive users is related to age and period of use. Hormonal family planning acceptors need to regularly control blood pressure with age to monitor the incidence of hypertension.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hormonal Contraception on Body Mass Index among Women in Reproductive Age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Kusumawati ◽  
◽  
Lely Khulafa’ur Rosidah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Background: Hormonal contraception is still a popular contraceptive method for most women. More than six million women worldwide use the injectable hormonal contraceptive method. The hormones estrogen and progesterone contained in hormonal birth control can affect the increase of sodium and fluids. This will affect the fat layer and appetite which will cause weight gain, thus impacting body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to determine the effect of hormonal contraception on BMI. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ngampel village, Mojoroto District, Kediri, East Java, in June – July 2019. The total of 30 women in reproductive age were selected using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was the use of hormonal contraception. the dependent variable was BMI. The data were collected by questionnaire then analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The use of hormonal contraception was increased the BMI among women in reproductive age. Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception can give an effect on BMI. Sometimes, woman body should be given the opportunity to rest using non-hormonal birth control. Keywords: family planning, hormonal contraception, body mass index Correspondence: Widya Kusumawati. Dharma Husada Kediri Academy of Midwifery. Jl. Coverage No 41 A Kediri City. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085722223910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.20

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION OF BODY MASS INDEX, BLOOD PRESSURE AND FASTING BLOOD SUGAR WITH GENDER IN THE UNITED NATIONS STAFF OF LIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1797-1800
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Ibrahim ◽  
Khalida Nasreen ◽  
Shaheen Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To determine the association of body mass index, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar with the gender in the UN staff of Liberia. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Level-II Hospital Monrovia, Liberia, from May to Aug 2017. Methodology: This study was conducted in the United Nation staff of Liberia, at level-II Hospital, where, routine medical check was conducted and anthropometric measurements as well as blood pressure and fasting blood sugar values were noted. Body mass index, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure values were recorded and fasting blood sugar and blood pressure values were compared for its relationship with varying body mass index values. Result: Total 300 individuals were monitored, out of them 226 (75.3%) were males and 74 (24.7%) were females. Mean weight of males was found to be 81 ± 14.6 Kg and for females 72.5 ± 11.6 kg there was found statistically significant (p<0.001) in both male and female and There was no significant difference of gender with Fasting blood glucose (p=0.395), systolic blood pressure (p=0.281) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.425). Conclusion: Significant association was seen between body mass index and blood pressure in both males and female as well as for fasting blood sugar in males. Hence, simple measurement of body mass index can be used as important health prognostic marker and thus can be used in regular routine medical assessment for maintaining and following healthy living.

KEJADIAN PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA PEREMPUAN YANG TINGGAL DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Venti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Stadium I

Hipertensiadalah penyebab kematian utama di Indonesia. Kematian akibat hipertensi lebih banyak terjadi di perkotaan dibandingkan di desa. Tingginya kejadian hipertensi dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang dapat dikontrol (obesitas,berat badan lebih, konsumsi garam berlebih,aktivitas fisik rendah, perokok, dan konsumsi alkohol) dan faktor yang tidak dapat dikontrol (genetik, usia, dan jenis kelamin). Penelitian bertujuan memberikan gambarandistribusi tekanan darah dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pendudukperempuan di kota maupun di desa.Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif kuatitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data primer didapatkan melalui pengukuran tekanan darah, tinggi badan dan berat badan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kutowinangun Kidul, Kecamatan Tingkir,Salatiga yang mewakili penduduk perempuan di perkotaan dan Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarangyang mewakili penduduk perempuan pedesaan. Adapun jumlah sampel masing-masing 66 respondendan 72responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian penyakit hipertensi, resiko obese dan obese lebih didominasi oleh respondendi perkotaan dibandingkan di pedesaan dengan rentang usia di atas 46 tahun. Respondendi desa dengan indeks massa tubuh normal cenderung mengalami pre-hipertensi (8,3%) dan hipertensi stadium I (6,9%) sementararesponden dengan resiko obese dan obese cenderung mengalami hipertensi stadium I (1,4%).Respondendi kota dengan indeks massa tubuh normal cenderung mengalami pre hipertensi (6,06%), hipertensi stadium I (4,5%) dan II (7,5%). Responden dengan resiko obese cenderung mengalami hipertensi stadium I (4,5%), dan responden dengan obese I dan II cenderung mengalami pre-hipertensi (4,5%).   Hypertension is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. Deaths due to hypertension are more common in urban areas than in villages. The high incidence of hypertension is influenced by factors that can be controlled (obesity, overweight, excessive salt consumption, low physical activity, smokers, and alcohol consumption) and factors that cannot be controlled (genetic, age, and sex). The study aimed to provide an overview of blood pressure distribution and body mass index (BMI) of female residents in cities and villages. The study design was descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach. Primary data was obtained through measurements of blood pressure, height and weight. The study was conducted in Kutowinangun Kidul Village, Tingkir Subdistrict, Salatiga representing women in urban areas and Batur Village, Getasan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency, representing rural women. The number of samples was 66 respondents and 72 respondents respectively. The results showed that the incidence of hypertension, the risk of obese and obese was more dominated by respondents in urban areas than in rural areas with ages above 46 years. Respondents in villages with normal body mass index tended to experience pre-hypertension (8.3%) and stage I hypertension (6.9%) while respondents with obese and obese risk tended to experience stage I hypertension (1.4%). Respondents in cities with normal body mass index tended to experience pre-hypertension (6.06%), stage I hypertension (4.5%) and II (7.5%). Respondents with obese risk tended to experience stage I hypertension (4.5%), and respondents with obese I and II tended to experience pre-hypertension (4.5%).

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, and Visual Acuity in Residents of Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Ernest-Nwoke ◽  
M. O. Ozor ◽  
U. Akpamu ◽  
M. O. Oyakhire
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Snellen Chart ◽  
Edo State

Aim. To study the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) on visual acuity among apparently healthy residents of Ekpoma, Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study among 225 subjects (ages of 18–35 years) from whom BP, body weight, and height were collected. Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen chart following standard procedures of number of letters seen at 6-metre distance. The data were then analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results. The sampled population consists of 112 male and 113 female (mean age 31.72±14.2 years). Majority (180) of the respondents had normal visual acuity. However, compared with the respondents with normal BMI (R19.61±1.5; L19.67±1.70), visual acuity of underweight (R18.53±2.30; L18.53±2.70) and obese (R15.68±4.79; L17.73±1.70) were more deviated. Similarly, compared with respondent with normal BP (120–125/80–85 mmHg; R18.00±2.53; L18.07±3.11), hypotensive (R15.5±7.35; L15.00±10.20), and hypertensive (R15.01±21.25; L15.00±11.91) respondents had deviated visual acuity. Conclusion. Abnormal body weight (underweight and obese) and BP (hypotension and hypertension) have potential negative impacts on visual acuity. Based on the observed relationship between weights, BP, and visual acuity, eye examinations can be included as regular screening exercise for abnormal BMI and BP conditions.

scholarly journals Pattern of Fasting Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index among Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC) Pills Users in Chencha, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Kofole ◽  
Diresbachew Haile ◽  
Yerukneh Solomon ◽  
Eyayu Girma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Blood

Abstract Background: The use of contraceptives has become prevalent among women in Ethiopia. Oral contraceptive use has been suggested to trigger changes in glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, blood pressure, and body weight, among the various populations and ethnic groups. Objective: To elucidate the pattern of fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) among combined oral contraceptive (COC) pills users, taking into account other confounding factors including socioeconomic conditions and physical activity status. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 110 healthy women using pills were recruited as cases. Another 110 healthy women not using any hormonal contraceptives were recruited as matched controls. A study was conducted between October 2018 and January 2019. Fasting Capillary blood sample was collected from the study participants for the estimation of the FBS level. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured and means arterial blood pressure was calculated for each participant. Body weight and height were measured to compute body mass index. Data obtained was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 software packages. Results: FBS level in users was significantly increased compared to controls (88.55 ± 7.89 vs. 86.00 ± 9.85 in users and controls respectively, P = 0.025). There was a significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure of users compared to controls (88.2 ± 8.48 vs. 86.0 ± 6.74 respectively, P=0.04). The mean weight and body mass index of users were significantly increased (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003, respectively). Changes in mean fasting blood sugar level and mean weight of users were independent (P = 0.27 and P = 0.46) to the duration of use (3-12, 13-24 and ≥ 25 months). On the other hand, changes in mean body mass index and mean arterial blood pressure of users were dependent of the duration of use (P = 0.03 and P = 0.000 respectively). Conclusions: Overall, oral contraceptive pills use appears to cause a 2.9% increase in fasting blood glucose level, a 2.5% increase in mean arterial blood pressure and a 3.9% increase in body mass index among the users.

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