scholarly journals Studies on Fluorocarbon Elastomer Nanocomposites for Sealing Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Elangovan Kasi ◽  
Mohan Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
Fluid Interaction

The usage of seals in several applications like aircraft engines is mostly made of Fluorocarbon (FKM) elastomer. They are coloured products that enable easier identification based on the applications. In such seals, fillers like carbon black cannot be added to reinforce and improvise the mechanical properties since carbon black does not make it possible to add colours. The properties after ageing are also very critical in sealing application, and they must also be improved. Also, Nanocomposites are the modern and growing trends in the field of polymers that show enormous changes in the properties of the polymers without affecting their basic properties. So, the need for improvisation of FKM seals and the concept of Nanocomposites can be merged to form FKM Nanocomposites with Nano clay and Nano silica as the fillers. The objective of this project is to improve the mechanical properties, better retention of properties after ageing and after fluid interaction of the FKM seals with the aid of Nanofillers. Different proportions of FKM nanocomposites were prepared using modified Nano Kaolin Clay & modified Montmorillonite clay (Cloisite grades). Various mechanical properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, compression set and tear strength etc., were studied. The test results have shown good improvements while increasing the filler loading. This is helpful to manufacture seals of desired colours thereby avoiding the difficulties faced in the carbon black-filled FKM compounds.

Influence of Pyrolytic Carbon Black Prepared from Waste Tires on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarawut Prasertsri ◽  
Sansanee Srichan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
Heat Build Up ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

This research aimed to investigate the possibility of pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) used as filler in natural rubber (NR) and its effect on Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics and mechanical properties compared with commercial carbon black (N774). The results revealed that Mooney viscosity, stiffness and heat build-up tended to increase with increasing both PCB and N774 loading, whereas elongation at break decreased. However, the maximum tensile and tear strengths appeared at the optimum filler loading for both PCB and N774. At similar filler content, PCB-filled NR compounds have higher cure time, heat build-up and thermal resistance. Nevertheless, they exhibited lower Mooney viscosity and mechanical properties compared to N774-filled NR. Finally, it can be concluded that PCB could be utilized as filler in NR compound to act as semi-reinforcing filler and was classified as a filler to reduce costs.

scholarly journals Influence of filler system on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl reclaimed rubber

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6045-6060
Author(s):  
Zafirah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Siti Nur Liyana Mamauod ◽  
Siti Salina Sarkawi ◽  
Nurshamimi Shahirah Binti Saimi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

This research aimed to elucidate the effect of black and non-black filler systems on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl reclaimed rubber (BRR). In this study, BRR800 was the BRR investigated. Since reclaimed rubber is not entirely 100% rubber, actually being a mixture of rubber, carbon black, oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid and other compounding ingredients used in the original compounds, the reclaimed rubber content in each system was fixed at 161 parts per hundred (pphr). Each mixture was mixed using a two-roll mill. The fillers used in this study were carbon black and calcium carbonate. The Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics, crosslink density, and mechanical properties, such as hardness, abrasion resistance, compression set, tear strength, rebound resilience, and the tensile properties of the vulcanizates were investigated. The results showed that the Mooney viscosity of BRR800 filled with carbon black was increased effectively and had a faster curing time and higher crosslink density than BRR filled with calcium carbonate. In addition, except for compression set and elongation at break, the mechanical properties of BRR800 with a black filler system were higher than those of BRR800 with a non-black filler system.

scholarly journals Effects of chemically treated and carbonized spear grass fibre on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149
Author(s):  
A.C. Ezika ◽  
V.U. Okpechi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Effects of chemically treated and carbonized spear grass fibre on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates were carried out. Natural rubber (NR) was filled with carbonized (at carbonization temperatures of 400°C, 600°C and 800°C  respectively) and chemically treated (treatment with HCl and NaOH of 5% concentration) spear grass fillers respectively, at a filler loading of 30phr. The rubber compounding was carried out in a bambury mixer. The effect of carbonization temperature and chemical treatment of the filler on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, % elongation, hardness strength, abrasion resistance and compression set) and rheological properties (cure time, scorch time, maximum and minimum torque) were carried out on the  samples. The results of the mechanical properties of carbonized spear grass fibre (C-SGF) filled vulcanizates show that the optimum carbonization temperature for an improved tensile strength, % elongation, hardness, abrasion and compression set was obtained at 400°C. NaOH treated fibre filled vulcanizates showed better mechanical properties; with the highest abrasion resistance of 67.65%, while untreated and acidified fibre filled vulcanizates showed poor mechanical properties. Acidified (HCl) uncarbonized spear grass fibre (U-SGF) filled vulcanizate had the highest compression set of 48% against C-SGF filled vulcanzates and carbon black filled  vulcanizate, with carbon black filled vulcanizate having 47% as its compression set value. This reveals that at a carbonization temperature of 400°C, C-SGF appears to be a potential substitute filler for carbon black (CB). Keywords: Spear Grass Fibre, Natural Rubber, Chemical Treatments, Cure Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, Carbonization

Compressive Deformation and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Conductive Carbon Black Reinforced Microcellular EPDM Vulcanizates

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Mahapatra ◽  
D.K. Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Conductive Carbon Black

Compressive stress-strain properties of unfilled and conductive carbon black (VulcanXC 72) filled oil extended EPDM (keltan 7341A) microcellular vulcanizates were studied as a function of blowing agent (density) and filler loading. With decrease in density, the compressive stress-strain curves for microcellular vulcanizates behaved differently from those of solid vulcanizates. The compressive stress-strain properties were found to be strain rate dependent. The log-log plots of relative density of the microcellular vulcanizates showed a fairly linear correlation with the relative modulus. The compression set at a constant stress increased with decrease in density. The efficiency of energy absorption E, was also studied as a function of filler and blowing agent loading. From the compressive stress-strain plots the efficiency E and the ideality parameter I, were evaluated. These parameters were plotted against stress to obtain maximum efficiency and the maximum ideality region, which will make these materials suitable for cushioning and packaging applications in electronic devices.

scholarly journals Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Mechanical Properties for Polyamide 2200 (PA12) in Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanna Baturynska
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Elongation At Break

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive technology for manufacturing industry due to flexibility in design and functionality, but inconsistency in quality is one of the major limitations that does not allow utilizing this technology for production of end-use parts. Prediction of mechanical properties can be one of the possible ways to improve the repeatability of the results. The part placement, part orientation, and STL model properties (number of mesh triangles, surface, and volume) are used to predict tensile modulus, nominal stress and elongation at break for polyamide 2200 (also known as PA12). EOS P395 polymer powder bed fusion system was used to fabricate 217 specimens in two identical builds (434 specimens in total). Prediction is performed for XYZ, XZY, ZYX, and Angle orientations separately, and all orientations together. The different non-linear models based on machine learning methods have higher prediction accuracy compared with linear regression models. Linear regression models have prediction accuracy higher than 80% only for Tensile Modulus and Elongation at break in Angle orientation. Since orientation-based modeling has low prediction accuracy due to a small number of data points and lack of information about material properties, these models need to be improved in the future based on additional experimental work.

Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of PP/Co-PP/Talc Composites for Microwave Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Piwsawang ◽  
T. Jinkarn ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Microwave Application ◽  
Lower Yield Strength ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Internal Mixer

Unmodified talc fillers were compounded with polypropylene (PP) and copolymer polyethylene (Co-PP) separately in a Brabender plasticorder internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm in order to obtain composites, which contain 040 phr (per 100 part of resin) of filler at 40 phr intervals. The morphology development and the mechanical properties of the composites with reference to filler loading were investigated. In terms of mechanical properties, Youngs modulus and maximum compression load increased, whereas yield strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase in filler loading of PP/Co-PP/Talc composites. The PP/Co-PP exhibited lower yield strength and youngs modulus, and higher elongation at break than talc composites (data not show here). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the structure of the fracture surface to justify the variation of the measured mechanical properties.

Effect of Ashes as Biomass in Silica Filled Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Wasinee Pinpat ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana ◽  
Siree Tangbunsuk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Silica has been used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber for a period of time as it results in excellent properties for NR vulcanizes. Rice husk ash (RHA), bagasse ash (BA), and oil palm ash (OPA) obtained from agricultural wastes are mainly composed of silica in the percentage of 80.00%, 57.33%, and 40.20% by weight, respectively. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at fixed silica content at 35 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) were investigated. The results indicated that ashes showed greater cure time compared to that of the silica. The incorporation of ashes into natural rubber gradually improved compression set but significantly decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, and resilience. Moreover, young's modulus increased, while hardness showed no significant change with the addition of ashes. Overall results indicated that ashes could be used as cheaper fillers for natural rubber materials where improved mechanical properties were not critical.

scholarly journals Structure and mechanical properties of GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite ropes

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01127
Author(s):  
Wen Wen Yu ◽  
Jian Gao Shi ◽  
Yong Li Liu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and graphene (GR) was melt compounded by reactive extrusion. Nanocomposite monofilaments were prepared by melt spinning through a co-rotating screw extruder and drawing at hot water. GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite ropes were twisted using nanocomposite monofilaments. A structure and mechanical properties of the GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite monofilaments and its ropes had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical test. Results showed that the monofilaments surface of monofilaments became rougher with introducing of GR nanosheets, which could be related to stacking of GR. The breaking load of GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite ropes was remarkably improved upon nanofiller addition, with the decrease of the elongation at break.

scholarly journals Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 2200 (PA12) in Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Ivanna Baturynska
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Elongation At Break

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive technology for the manufacturing industry due to flexibility in its design and functionality, but inconsistency in quality is one of the major limitations preventing utilizing this technology for the production of end-use parts. The prediction of mechanical properties can be one of the possible ways to improve the repeatability of results. The part placement, part orientation, and STL model properties (number of mesh triangles, surface, and volume) are used to predict tensile modulus, nominal stress, and elongation at break for polyamide 2200 (also known as PA12). An EOS P395 polymer powder bed fusion system was used to fabricate 217 specimens in two identical builds (434 specimens in total). Prediction is performed for XYZ, XZY, ZYX, and Angle orientations separately, and all orientations together. The different non-linear models based on machine learning methods have higher prediction accuracy compared with linear regression models. Linear regression models only have prediction accuracy higher than 80% for Tensile Modulus and Elongation at break in Angle orientation. Since orientation-based modeling has low prediction accuracy due to a small number of data points and lack of information about the material properties, these models need to be improved in the future based on additional experimental work.

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