Biochemical Modifications Study of Cerebral Metabolites by Spectroscopy in Epilepsy Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-970
Author(s):  
Laura Alexandra Nussbaum ◽  
Lavinia Maria Hogea ◽  
Roxana Folescu ◽  
Mirela Loredana Grigoras ◽  
Carmen Lacramioara Zamfir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Brain Metabolites ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cerebral Metabolites ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Brain

Through this research, our main focus was: to investigate the biochemical brain metabolites (NAA-N-acetylaspartate, GABA-Gama-Aminobutyric Acid, Asp-Aspartate, CR-Creatine, Gln-Glutamine, GPC-Glicerophosphocholine, PC-Phosphocholine, PCr-Phosphocreatine, Tau-Taurine, N-MDA-N-Metyl-D-Aspartate, Serine, Glicine, Cho-Choline); the neuroimagistic, the brain biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents with epilepsy before and after treatment; to review the main antiepileptic medication administered to these patients; and to make some correlations with the results obtained through Magnetic Resonance (MR) Spectroscopy, for further proper early detection and intervention in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Our research was performed between 2010-2017, involving 45 children and adolescents with epilepsy. Also, the patients were evaluated through MR Spectroscopy at baseline and after pharmacotherapy. Through the MR Spectroscopy, we investigated key aspects of the brain function and metabolism. The antiepileptic medication was chosen according to the guides and the type of epileptic seizures. The efficacy of the chosen therapy was evaluated through the change of the relevant MR spectroscopy biochemical brain metabolites. Our results, showed statistically significant modified values and concentrations of the biochemical cerebral metabolites. Our research was a proof, which the evaluation of the biochemical brain metabolites through MR Spectroscopy is of high clinical utility in prevention, early detection and intervention in epilepsy in children and adolescents.

Correlations Between Neuroendocrine Disorders and Biochemical Brain Metabolites Alterations in Antidepressant Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
Luminita Ageu ◽  
Cristina Talpos ◽  
Ghizela Kanalas ◽  
Simina Crisan ◽  
Carmen Lacramioara Zamfir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Brain Metabolites ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Testing

We approach the theme of modern investigation and treatment strategies, based on biochemical, clinical-biological, metabolic, pharmacogenetic, neuro-imagistic, and neuroendocrine integrative correlations in the management of depressive disorders. Our main objective was to investigate: the biochemical brain metabolites [N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartate (Asp), creatine (CR), glutamine (Gln), glicerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphocholine (PC), phosphocreatine (PCr), taurine (Tau), N-methyl-D-aspartate (N-MDA), serine, glycine, choline (Cho)]; the neuroimagistic and neurobiological markers and the metabolic abnormalities in correlation with the molecular pharmacogenetic testing in children and adolescents treated with antidepressant medication. Our research was conducted between 2009-2016 on 90 children and adolescents with depressive disorders -45 children-G1, who benefited of pharmacogenetic testing tailored pharmacotherapy, and 45 without pharmacogenetic testing-G2. The patients were also evaluated by MR spectroscopy at baseline and after pharmacotherapy. The efficacy of the chosen therapy in correlation with the pharmacogenetic testing was evaluated by the mean change in the CDRS (Child Depression Rating Scale) total scores, in the CGI-S/I (Clinical Global Impression Severity/Improvement), CGAS (Clinical Global Assessment of Functioning) and by the change of the relevant neurobiological markers and MR spectroscopy biochemical brain metabolites. Our results showed statistically significant differences in the clinical scores between the studied groups. Our research could represent a proof that the biochemical brain metabolites registered in depressive disorders modified values in the MR spectroscopy and the administration of antidepressants could determine metabolic and neuroendocrine abnormalities (changed lipid profiles, high insulin and plasma glucose levels, weight gain, obesity), especially when chosen without prior pharmacogenetic testing.

scholarly journals Effect of the Brain Balance Program® on Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents with Developmental and Attentional Issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Conor J. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Attentional Difficulties ◽  
The Brain

We reviewed the cognitive task performance of children and adolescents with developmental and attentional issues, before and after participation in the Brain Balance® (BB) program. The program consisted of three 1-hour sessions/week (sensorimotor stimulation and academic activities) with other multimodal activities, for 3 months. Participants were compared to a control group that had the same underlying demographic and phenotypical features but did not yet complete the program (participated on average for 27 days). For all ages (4-6 and 7+ years), we found a significant main effect of group, such that BB groups improved overall more than controls (CTRLs). More specifically, BB groups improved on all cognitive tests (three tests for ages 4-6 years; 12 tests for ages 7+ years), whereas CTRLs only improved on one test. These data support the potential of multimodal training programs toward the overarching goal of improving cognitive performance in children with developmental and attentional difficulties.

scholarly journals Effect of Wrist Tapping on Interhemispheric Coherence in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Narodova ◽  
Natalia Shnayder ◽  
Vladislav Karnaukhov ◽  
Olesya Bogomolova ◽  
Kirill Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of interhemispheric coherence (IC) as an indicator of integration of different areas of the brain and their participation in the performance of certain functions before and after wrist tapping (WT), using the author's method in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Methods and Results: The study included 81 subjects of working age, including 51 clinically healthy volunteers (median age of 39[21;56] years) and 30 patients (median age of 27[23;38] years) with JME. Analysis of IC in the electrode pairs Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, C3-C4, T3-T4 was performed using a computer encephalographic complex. A coherent EEG analysis was used to identify and evaluate the relationships between different areas of the brain. Based on the change in the coherence coefficients (CCs), the level of integrative activity of brain structures was quantified. In healthy volunteers, before and after WT, we observed a statistically significant decrease in CCs for the beta-1 band in the pairs Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, and C3-C4 (P<0.05), while in the pair T3-T4, changes in CCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05). At the same time, a statistically significant decrease in CCs in the alpha band was found only in the frontal regions in the pairs Fp1-Fp2 and F3-F4 (P<0.05). No statistically significant changes were found in all the studied pairs in the theta band. When comparing CCs in JME patients in beta–1 and theta bands, before and after WT, we did not find statistically significant changes in CCs in all the studied electrode pairs. However, in the alpha band, we found a statistically significant decrease in CCs in the frontal region in the F3-F4 (P=0.0038) and C3-C4 electrode pairs (P=0.034). The results of the study of interhemispheric integration showed statistically significant differences between patients with JME and the control group. Conclusion: WT according to the author's method does not provoke the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges on the EEG and epileptic seizures in patients with JME. Coherent analysis showed positive changes in interhemispheric integrations of neurons in the beta–1 and alpha frequency ranges, mainly in the anterior hemispheres.

Complexity Measures of Brain Electrophysiological Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Klonowski ◽  
Pawel Stepien ◽  
Robert Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
The Brain

Over 20 years ago, Watt and Hameroff (1987 ) suggested that consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind. To analyze EEG-signal complexity, we used Higuchi’s fractal dimension in time domain and symbolic analysis methods. Our results of analysis of EEG-signals under anesthesia, during physiological sleep, and during epileptic seizures lead to a conclusion similar to that of Watt and Hameroff: Brain activity, measured by complexity of the EEG-signal, diminishes (becomes less chaotic) when consciousness is being “switched off”. So, consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind.

Automated System for Epileptic Seizures Prediction based on Multi-Channel Recordings of Electrical Brain Activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Maksimenko ◽  
A. A. Harchenko ◽  
A. Lüttjohann
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Now the great interest in studying the brain activity based on detection of oscillatory patterns on the recorded data of electrical neuronal activity (electroencephalograms) is associated with the possibility of developing brain-computer interfaces. Braincomputer interfaces are based on the real-time detection of characteristic patterns on electroencephalograms and their transformation  into commands for controlling external devices. One of the important areas of the brain-computer interfaces application is the control of the pathological activity of the brain. This is in demand for epilepsy patients, who do not respond to drug treatment.Purpose: A technique for detecting the characteristic patterns of neural activity preceding the occurrence of epileptic seizures.Results:Using multi-channel electroencephalograms, we consider the dynamics of thalamo-cortical brain network, preceded the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. We have developed technique which allows to predict the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. The technique has been implemented in a brain-computer interface, which has been tested in-vivo on the animal model of absence epilepsy.Practical relevance:The results of our study demonstrate the possibility of epileptic seizures prediction based on multichannel electroencephalograms. The obtained results can be used in the development of neurointerfaces for the prediction and prevention of seizures of various types of epilepsy in humans. 

PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR BAYI UMUR 0 – 3 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRAK Tidur merupakan kebutuhan yang harus terpenuhi terutama pada fase perkembangan karena selama tidur akan terjadi perkembangan otak maupun tubuh, sehingga gangguan tidur merupakan masalah yang akan menimbulkan dampak buruk terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Kualitas tidur bayi yang baik dapat diciptakan dengan memberikan pemijatan bayi secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemijatan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tidur bayi umur 0-3 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Quasy Eksperimental dengan metode One Group Pretest-Postest. Sampel 22 bayi yang dipilih dengan tehnik Total Sampling yang di observasi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pemijatan. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitas tidur bayi 0-3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap kualitas tidur bayi umur 0-3 bulan (p value  0,008 < α = 0,05).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar keluarga dan masyarakat memberikan pemijatan secara rutin dan mandiri untuk meningkatkan kebutuhan tidur bayi yang berkualitas.   ABSTRACT Sleep is a human necessity that must be met, especially in the development phase because during sleep will occur the brain and body developments, so that sleep disturbance is a problem that would cause adverse effects on infants’ growth and development. The good quality of sleep can be created by providing the infants massage routinely. This study aimed to prove that the massage could affect the quality of sleep on the 0-3 months old baby. This study used Quasy-experimental design with One Group Pretest-Posttest. The sample 22 infants selected by total sampling technique observed on before and after the massage. The variables measured in this study are the quality of sleep. The results of study indicate that there is an effect of infant massage to the sleep quality on 0-3 months old babies (p value 0,008 < α = 0,05).Based on the results of this study it recommended for the families and communities to provide infant massage regularly and independently to increase the quality of sleep on the baby.  

Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude-Modulation Following Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Kuwada ◽  
Julia S. Anderson ◽  
Ranjan Batra ◽  
Douglas C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Natacha Teissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Composite Response ◽  
The Brain

The scalp-recorded amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR)” is gaining recognition as an objective audiometric tool, but little is known about the neural sources that underlie this potential. We hypothesized, based on our human studies and single-unit recordings in animals, that the scalp-recorded AMFR reflects the interaction of multiple sources. We tested this hypothesis using an animal model, the unanesthetized rabbit. We compared AMFRs recorded from the surface of the brain at different locations and before and after the administration of agents likely to enhance or suppress neural generators. We also recorded AMFRs locally at several stations along the auditory neuraxis. We conclude that the surface-recorded AMFR is indeed a composite response from multiple brain generators. Although the response at any modulation frequency can reflect the activity of more than one generator, the AMFRs to low and high modulation frequencies appear to reflect a strong contribution from cortical and subcortical sources, respectively.

scholarly journals Subtle changes of the crystalline lens after cycloplegia: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Dai ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Lv ◽  
Binzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shape of the crystalline lens in terms of biometry and diopters before and after cycloplegia using the CASIA2 swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system on the anterior segment. Methods This was a retrospective study. Children and adolescents (26 males and 29 females, aged 4–21 years) with simple ametropia were selected for optometry and CASIA2 imaging at 2 separate visits before and after cycloplegia. Diopter values were derived from the spherical power (S) obtained by optometry. Biometric parameters of the crystalline lens, including the anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior curvature of the lens (ACL and PCL), lens thickness (LTH), lens decentration (LD), lens tilt (LT), and equivalent diameter of the lens (LED), were measured by the CASIA2 system. The differences in these parameters after compared with before cycloplegia were determined, and their relationships were analyzed. Results Fifty-five participants (106 eyes) were initially enrolled. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the S (t=-7.026, P < 0.001), ACD (t=-8.796, P < 0.001), ACL (t=-13.263, P < 0.001) and LTH (t = 7.363, P < 0.001) after compared with before cycloplegia. The change in the PCL (t = 1.557, P = 0.122), LD (t = 0.876, P = 0.383), LT (t = 0.440, P = 0.661) and LED (t=-0.351, P = 0.726) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant (P < 0.05) correlation of the change in the S with that in the ACL (r = 0.466, P < 0.001), LTH (r=-0.592, P < 0.001), and LED (r = 0.223, P = 0.021) but not the PCL (r = 0.19, P = 0.051), LD (r=-0.048, P = 0.0628) or LT (r=-0.022, P = 0.822). Furthermore, the change in the ACD was closely related to the change in crystalline morphology. However, in children and adolescents, we found that the change in crystalline morphology was unrelated to age. Conclusions Changes in lens morphology after compared with before cycloplegia are mainly related to the ACL and LTH, but there is no difference in the PCL, LD, LT, or LED. In the adolescent population, change in the S is related to change in the ACL, LED and LTH. However, age is unrelated to the shape and tendency of the crystalline lens. Further research is required to determine whether the same conclusion applies to different age groups and different refractive states (myopia, hyperopia, emmetropia) .

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