Chemical Effects and Predictive Factors in Premature Birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1796-1801
Author(s):  
Adrian Neacsu ◽  
Alina Calin ◽  
Anca Daniela Braila ◽  
Dan Navolan ◽  
Mihai Dimitriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Premature Labor ◽  
New Born ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Premature birth is considered to be the consequence of independent alterations in the cervix and in the uterus. During labor, for full-term birth, as well as for premature birth, the cervix changes, from firm, long and closed, to soft and pliable, through a biochemical process characterized by the reshaping of the extracellular matrix and a growth of the tissue concentration of inflammatory mediators; the uterus proves an increase in contractility and sensitivity to endogenic hormones, such as oxytocin. Premature labor is associated with the premature activation of the release of cytokines in the decidua (mucosa lining uterus walls) and cervix. Interleukins IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and the alpha tumoral necrosis factor increase the production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) and of cathepsin S, which digests the collagen from the extracellular matrix of the cervix, causing the wiping and softening of the cervix. These cytokines are released by leukocytes in the myometer, leading to the production of prostaglandins and oxytocin, which stimulate uterine contractions. Therefore, the cervical shortening represented by ultrasound is believed to represent premature cervical softening. The obstetrical approach of aspects related to premature birth are based, considerably, on the prognosis expected by the obstetrician regarding the survival of the premature new-born baby, as well as the therapeutic variants to be followed. And not only survival is important, of equal importance is also the quality of life of underweight, immature new-born babies, who are considerably affected both physically, and intellectually.

scholarly journals Improvements in the profiles and distributions of nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide with the LIMS version 6 dataset

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 4741-4756 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Remsberg ◽  
M. Natarajan ◽  
B. T. Marshall ◽  
L. L. Gordley ◽  
R. E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Spin Splitting ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract. The quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) profiles and distributions of 1978/1979 are described after their processing with an updated, Version 6 (V6) algorithm and subsequent archival in 2002. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of both of those species are developed and provided herein. The character of the V6 HNO3 profiles is relatively unchanged from that of the earlier LIMS Version 5 (V5) profiles, except in the upper stratosphere where the interfering effects of CO2 are accounted for better with V6. The accuracy of the retrieved V6 NO2 is also significantly better in the middle and upper stratosphere, due to improvements in its spectral line parameters and in the reduced biases for the accompanying V6 temperature and water vapor profiles. As a result of these important updates, there is better agreement with theoretical calculations for profiles of the HNO3/NO2 ratio, day-to-night NO2 ratio, and with estimates of the production of NO2 in the mesosphere and its descent to the upper stratosphere during polar night. In particular, the findings for middle and upper stratospheric NO2 should also be more compatible with those obtained from more recent satellite sensors because the effects of the spin-splitting of the NO2 lines are accounted for now with the LIMS V6 algorithm. The improved precisions and more frequent retrievals of the LIMS profiles along their orbit tracks provide for better continuity and detail in map analyses of these two species on pressure surfaces. It is judged that the chemical effects of the oxides of nitrogen on ozone can be studied quantitatively throughout the stratosphere with the LIMS V6 data.

scholarly journals Can biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodelling and wound healing be used to identify high risk patients infected with SARS-CoV-2?: lessons learned from pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Leeming ◽  
F. Genovese ◽  
J. M. B. Sand ◽  
D. G. K. Rasmussen ◽  
C. Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Tissue Remodelling

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis has been identified as a main factor leading to pulmonary dysfunction and poor quality of life in post-recovery Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) survivor’s consequent to SARS-Cov-2 infection. Thus there is an urgent medical need for identification of readily available biomarkers that in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection are able to; (1) identify patients in most need of medical care prior to admittance to an intensive care unit (ICU), and; (2) identify patients post-infection at risk of developing persistent fibrosis of lungs with subsequent impaired quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. An intense amount of research have focused on wound healing and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) remodelling of the lungs related to lung function decline in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). A range of non-invasive serological biomarkers, reflecting tissue remodelling, and fibrosis have been shown to predict risk of acute exacerbations, lung function decline and mortality in PF and other interstitial lung diseases (Sand et al. in Respir Res 19:82, 2018). We suggest that lessons learned from such PF studies of the pathological processes leading to lung function decline could be used to better identify patients infected with SARS-Co-V2 at most risk of acute deterioration or persistent fibrotic damage of the lung and could consequently be used to guide treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Quality of Dabai Pulp Oil Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Supplementation in Hypercholesterolemic Rat—A New Alternative Fat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir ◽  
Azrina Azlan ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Dabai pulp oil (DPO) is new oil extracted from the pulp of Canarium odontophyllum. The quality and efficacy of DPO are needed to promote its potential as a new alternative fat. Therefore, we investigate the quality of DPO, which includes moisture and volatile content (MVC), free fatty acid content (FFA), iodine value (IV), and peroxide value (PV). Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of DPO against hypercholesterolemia elicited by a high-cholesterol diet in rats. The MVC of DPO was <0.001 ± 0.00%. Next, the FFA in DPO was 2.57 ± 0.03%, and the IV of DPO was 53.74 ± 0.08 g iodine/100 g oil. Meanwhile, the PV of DPO was 4.97 ± 0.00 mEq/kg. Supplementation of DPO in hypercholesterolemic rats for 30 days revealed the hypocholesterolemic effect (significant reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) accompanied by a significant reduction of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). We also observed a significant improvement of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and antioxidant capacities (total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) of the rats. The results on the quality and efficacy of locally made DPO suggest its potential use as a healthy alternative fat in the future.

scholarly journals Persistence of intramyocardially transplanted murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from different developmental stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Peinkofer ◽  
Martina Maass ◽  
Kurt Pfannkuche ◽  
Agapios Sachinidis ◽  
Stephan Baldus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract Background Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) are regarded as promising cell type for cardiac cell replacement therapy, but it is not known whether the developmental stage influences their persistence and functional integration in the host tissue, which are crucial for a long-term therapeutic benefit. To investigate this, we first tested the cell adhesion capability of murine iPSC-CM in vitro at three different time points during the differentiation process and then examined cell persistence and quality of electrical integration in the infarcted myocardium in vivo. Methods To test cell adhesion capabilities in vitro, iPSC-CM were seeded on fibronectin-coated cell culture dishes and decellularized ventricular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. After fixed periods of time, stably attached cells were quantified. For in vivo experiments, murine iPSC-CM expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein was injected into infarcted hearts of adult mice. After 6–7 days, viable ventricular tissue slices were prepared to enable action potential (AP) recordings in transplanted iPSC-CM and surrounding host cardiomyocytes. Afterwards, slices were lysed, and genomic DNA was prepared, which was then used for quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate grafted iPSC-CM count. Results The in vitro results indicated differences in cell adhesion capabilities between day 14, day 16, and day 18 iPSC-CM with day 14 iPSC-CM showing the largest number of attached cells on ECM scaffolds. After intramyocardial injection, day 14 iPSC-CM showed a significant higher cell count compared to day 16 iPSC-CM. AP measurements revealed no significant difference in the quality of electrical integration and only minor differences in AP properties between d14 and d16 iPSC-CM. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that the developmental stage at the time of transplantation is crucial for the persistence of transplanted iPSC-CM. iPSC-CM at day 14 of differentiation showed the highest persistence after transplantation in vivo, which may be explained by a higher capability to adhere to the extracellular matrix.

Comparative analysis of the skin decellularization methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Olga Macagonova ◽  
◽  
Doina Risnic ◽  
Adrian Cociug ◽  
Viorel Nacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Google Search

Background: The extracellular matrix plays an important role in the promoting the tissue regeneration and repair. Decellularization or removal of the cells from the complex mixture of the structural and functional proteins that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be done by the physical (agitation, sonication, freeze and thaw), chemical (alkaline orchids, ionic detergents, nonionic, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), hypotonic or hypertonic treatments, chelating agents), and enzymatic methods (trypsin or protease inhibitors). However, complications associated with the use of the decellularized skin have been reported, which are widespread and poorly understood. In this synthesis have been included publications, identified by the Google Search engine, National Bibliometric Tool (NBT), Pub Med databases, Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct and Biosience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. The results of the decellularization were reported in terms of the number of cells remaining in the collagen fibers depending on the duration of exposure to chemical agents. Conclusions: The natural matrix is more widely used than synthetic material, because it has the natural structure and composition of the ECM, it naturally stimulates cell development and allows the incorporation of the growth factors and other proteins increasing cell proliferation.The assessment of the quality of decellularization techniques is done by evaluating the necrosis of the extracellulare matrix, the depletion of the collagen fibers and the remaining amount of genetic material.

Neuroimmune Interactions and Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-387
Author(s):  
Jiahe Li ◽  
Peter M. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Neuroimmune Interactions ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Chronic pain imposes a tremendous burden on the sufferer’s quality of life. Mounting evidence supports a critical role for neuroimmune interactions in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Nerve injury leads to the activation of glia via sphingosine-1-phosphate, Toll-like receptors, chemokines, neuropeptides, and purinergic receptors. In turn, activated glia influence neuronal activity via interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reactive oxygen species, and excitatory amino acids. Epigenetic mechanisms of neuroimmune communication are also discussed. Investigation of neuroimmune interactions after peripheral nerve injury broadens our understanding of the mechanisms that drive neuropathic pain, and such interactions provide potential therapeutic targets for managing neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Fibrin regulates neutrophil migration in response to interleukin 8, leukotriene B4, tumor necrosis factor, and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.

1995 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Loike ◽  
J el Khoury ◽  
L Cao ◽  
C P Richards ◽  
H Rascoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Fibrin Gels ◽  
Necrosis Factor

We have examined the capacity of four different chemoattractants/cytokines to promote directed migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through three-dimensional gels composed of extracellular matrix proteins. About 20% of PMN migrated through fibrin gels and plasma clots in response to a gradient of interleukin 8 (IL-8) or leukotriene B4 (LTB4). In contrast, &lt; 0.3% of PMN migrated through fibrin gels in response to a gradient of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). All four chemoattractants stimulated PMN to migrate through gels composed of collagen IV or of basement membrane proteins (Matrigel), or through filters to which fibronectin or fibrinogen had been adsorbed. PMN stimulated with TNF or FMLP adhered and formed zones of close apposition to fibrin, as measured by the exclusion of a 10-kD rhodamine-polyethylene glycol probe from the contact zones between PMN and the underlying fibrin gel. By this measure, IL-8- or LTB4-treated PMN adhered loosely to fibrin, since 10 kD rhodamine-polyethylene glycol permeated into the contact zones between these cells and the underlying fibrin gel. PMN stimulated with FMLP and IL-8, or FMLP and LTB4, exhibited very little migration through fibrin gels, and three times as many of these cells excluded 10 kD rhodamine-polyethylene glycol from their zones of contact with fibrin as PMN stimulated with IL-8 or LTB4 alone. These results show that PMN chemotaxis is regulated by both the nature of the chemoattractant and the composition of the extracellular matrix; they suggest that certain combinations of chemoattractants and matrix proteins may limit leukocyte movements and promote their localization in specific tissues in vivo.

Influence of extracellular matrix in tumor necrosis factor-induced increase in endothelial permeability

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. L627-L633 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Partridge ◽  
C. J. Horvath ◽  
P. J. Del Vecchio ◽  
P. G. Phillips ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Intercellular Gaps

We examined the possibility that alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced increase in endothelial monolayer permeability. Endothelial permeability to 125I-labeled albumin was determined using bovine pulmonary microvessel endothelial cell (BPMVE) monolayers grown to confluence on microporous (0.8 microns diam) gelatin- and fibronectin-coated polycarbonate filters. Treatment of BPMVE with TNF-alpha (10(2) to 10(4) U/ml for 4–24 h) produced concentration- and time-dependent increases in endothelial permeability that paralleled the changes in morphology from cobblestone to elongated cells and the formation of prominent intercellular gaps and actin stress fibers. We examined the role of ECM in these changes using filters coated with ECM made by the BPMVE. Fresh BPMVE seeded onto filters coated with ECM produced by TNF-alpha-treated BPMVE had two- to threefold higher 125I-albumin permeability values than BPMVE monolayers seeded onto filters coated with ECM from control cells (P < 0.05). BPMVE seeded onto ECM from TNF-alpha-treated BPMVE also developed intercellular gaps and centralized actin filaments characteristic of the TNF-alpha-treated BPMVE. This effect was not attributable to TNF-alpha adsorbed to ECM. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ECM extracted from BPMVE treated with TNF-alpha showed decreased fibronectin. These findings suggest that the TNF-alpha-induced increase in endothelial permeability involves the loss of fibronectin and remodeling of the ECM. The increase in endothelial permeability may be secondary to decreased endothelial cell-ECM contacts resulting in elongation of cells and formation of intercellular gaps.

Ultrasonography of the uterine cervix and preterm delivery

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Vilho Hiilesmaa ◽  
Pekka Taipale
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Digital Evaluation

The incidence of premature delivery (at less than 37 completed weeks) has been stable at between 5–10% of deliveries over the past 20 years despite intensive research in this field. Preterm delivery is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The identification of women at increased risk for this condition has traditionally been based on clinical history (e.g. previous premature birth or second-trimester miscarriage), digital evaluation of the cervix and the occurrence of uterine contractions.

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